0020_P907_Sum_of_Subarray_Minimums.cpp

/* 
Day: 20
Problem Number: 907 (https://leetcode.com/problems/sum-of-subarray-minimums)
Date: 20-01-2024 
Description:
Given an array of integers arr, find the sum of min(b), where b ranges over every (contiguous) subarray of arr. Since the answer may be large, return the answer modulo 10^9 + 7.
 
Example 1:
Input: arr = [3,1,2,4]
Output: 17
Explanation: 
Subarrays are [3], [1], [2], [4], [3,1], [1,2], [2,4], [3,1,2], [1,2,4], [3,1,2,4]. 
Minimums are 3, 1, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1.
Sum is 17.

Example 2:
Input: arr = [11,81,94,43,3]
Output: 444
 
Constraints:
* 1 <= arr.length <= 3 * 104
* 1 <= arr[i] <= 3 * 104

Code:  */
class Solution {
public:
    int sumSubarrayMins(vector<int>& arr) {
        int n = arr.size();
        vector<int> left(n, -1);
        vector<int> right(n, n);
        stack<int> stk;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            while (!stk.empty() && arr[stk.top()] >= arr[i]) {
                stk.pop();
            }
            if (!stk.empty()) {
                left[i] = stk.top();
            }
            stk.push(i);
        }
        stk = stack<int>();
        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            while (!stk.empty() && arr[stk.top()] > arr[i]) {
                stk.pop();
            }
            if (!stk.empty()) {
                right[i] = stk.top();
            }
            stk.push(i);
        }
        long long ans = 0;
        const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            ans += 1LL * (i - left[i]) * (right[i] - i) * arr[i] % mod;
            ans %= mod;
        }
        return ans;
    }
};