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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="description" content="This document describes the INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Elevation">
<meta name="keywords" content="INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Elevation">
<meta name="author" content="Temporary MIWP 2021-2024 sub-group 2.3.1">
<meta name="copyright" content="Public">
<title>D2.8.II.1 INSPIRE Data Specification on Elevation – Technical Guidelines</title>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="./media/image3.png" alt="image" width="100" height="100"></span> <strong>INSPIRE</strong> - <strong>Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe</strong></p>
</div>
<h1 id="_d2_8_ii_1_data_specification_on_elevation_technical_guidelines" class="discrete">D2.8.II.1 Data Specification on <em>Elevation</em> – Technical Guidelines</h1>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%;">
<col style="width: 83%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Title</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">D2.8.II.1 INSPIRE Data Specification on Elevation – Technical Guidelines</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Creator</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Temporary MIWP 2021-2024 sub-group 2.3.1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Date of publication</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2024-01-31</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Subject</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Elevation</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Publisher</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INSPIRE Maintenance and Implementation Group (MIG)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Type</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Text</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Description</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">This document describes the INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Elevation</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Format</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">AsciiDoc</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Licence</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution (cc-by) 4.0</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Rights</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Public</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Identifier</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/id/document/tg/el">D2.8.II.1_v3.3.0</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Changelog</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://github.com/INSPIRE-MIF/technical-guidelines/releases/tag/v2024.1" class="bare">https://github.com/INSPIRE-MIF/technical-guidelines/releases/tag/v2024.1</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Language</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">en</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Relation</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_foreword" class="discrete"><strong>Foreword</strong></h2>
<h2 id="_how_to_read_the_document" class="discrete"><strong>How to read the document?</strong></h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document describes the <em>"INSPIRE data specification on Elevation – Technical Guidelines"</em> version 3.0 as developed by the Thematic Working Group (TWG) <em>Elevation</em> using both natural and a conceptual schema language.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The data specification is based on a common template<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup> used for all data specifications, which has been harmonised using the experience from the development of the Annex I, II and III data specifications.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document provides guidelines for the implementation of the provisions laid down in the Implementing Rule for spatial data sets and services of the INSPIRE Directive. It also includes additional requirements and recommendations that, although not included in the Implementing Rule, are relevant to guarantee or to increase data interoperability.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Two executive summaries provide a quick overview of the INSPIRE data specification process in general, and the content of the data specification on <em>Elevation</em> in particular. We highly recommend that managers, decision makers, and all those new to the INSPIRE process and/or information modelling should read these executive summaries first.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The UML diagrams (in Chapter 5) offer a rapid way to see the main elements of the specifications and their relationships. The definition of the spatial object types, attributes, and relationships are included in the Feature Catalogue (also in Chapter 5). People having thematic expertise but not familiar with UML can fully understand the content of the data model focusing on the Feature Catalogue. Users might also find the Feature Catalogue especially useful to check if it contains the data necessary for the applications that they run. The technical details are expected to be of prime interest to those organisations that are responsible for implementing INSPIRE within the field of <em>Elevation</em>, but also to other stakeholders and users of the spatial data infrastructure.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The technical provisions and the underlying concepts are often illustrated by examples. Smaller examples are within the text of the specification, while longer explanatory examples and descriptions of selected use cases are attached in the annexes.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In order to distinguish the INSPIRE spatial data themes from the spatial object types, the INSPIRE spatial data themes are written in <em>italics.</em></p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 100%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">The document will be publicly available as a 'non-paper'. It does not represent an official position of the European Commission, and as such cannot be invoked in the context of legal procedures.</th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Legal Notice</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_interoperability_of_spatial_data_sets_and_services_general_executive_summary" class="discrete"><strong>Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services – General Executive Summary</strong></h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The challenges regarding the lack of availability, quality, organisation, accessibility, and sharing of spatial information are common to a large number of policies and activities and are experienced across the various levels of public authority in Europe. In order to solve these problems it is necessary to take measures of coordination between the users and providers of spatial information. The Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council adopted on 14 March 2007 aims at establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) for environmental policies, or policies and activities that have an impact on the environment.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE is based on the infrastructures for spatial information that are created and maintained by the Member States. To support the establishment of a European infrastructure, Implementing Rules addressing the following components of the infrastructure have been specified: metadata, interoperability of spatial data sets (as described in Annexes I, II, III of the Directive) and spatial data services, network services, data and service sharing, and monitoring and reporting procedures.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE does not require collection of new data. However, after the period specified in the Directive<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_2" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</sup> Member States have to make their data available according to the Implementing Rules.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Interoperability in INSPIRE means the possibility to combine spatial data and services from different sources across the European Community in a consistent way without involving specific efforts of humans or machines. It is important to note that "interoperability" is understood as providing access to spatial data sets through network services, typically via Internet. Interoperability may be achieved by either changing (harmonising) and storing existing data sets or transforming them via services for publication in the INSPIRE infrastructure. It is expected that users will spend less time and efforts on understanding and integrating data when they build their applications based on data delivered in accordance with INSPIRE.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In order to benefit from the endeavours of international standardisation bodies and organisations established under international law their standards and technical means have been utilised and referenced, whenever possible.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To facilitate the implementation of INSPIRE, it is important that all stakeholders have the opportunity to participate in specification and development. For this reason, the Commission has put in place a consensus building process involving data users, and providers together with representatives of industry, research and government. These stakeholders, organised through Spatial Data Interest Communities (SDIC) and Legally Mandated Organisations (LMO)<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_3" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_3" title="View footnote.">3</a>]</sup>, have provided reference materials, participated in the user requirement and technical<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_4" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_4" title="View footnote.">4</a>]</sup> surveys, proposed experts for the Data Specification Drafting Team<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_5" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_5" title="View footnote.">5</a>]</sup>, the Thematic Working Groups<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_6" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_6" title="View footnote.">6</a>]</sup> and other ad-hoc cross-thematic technical groups and participated in the public stakeholder consultations on draft versions of the data specifications. These consultations covered expert reviews as well as feasibility and fitness-for-purpose testing of the data specifications<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_7" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_7" title="View footnote.">7</a>]</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This open and participatory approach was successfully used during the development of the data specifications on Annex I, II and III data themes as well as during the preparation of the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_8" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_8" title="View footnote.">8</a>]</sup> for Annex I spatial data themes and of its amendment regarding the themes of Annex II and III.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The development framework elaborated by the Data Specification Drafting Team aims at keeping the data specifications of the different themes coherent. It summarises the methodology to be used for the development of the data specifications, providing a coherent set of requirements and recommendations to achieve interoperability. The pillars of the framework are the following technical documents<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_9" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_9" title="View footnote.">9</a>]</sup>:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The <em>Definition of Annex Themes and Scope</em> describes in greater detail the spatial data themes defined in the Directive, and thus provides a sound starting point for the thematic aspects of the data specification development.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Generic Conceptual Model</em> defines the elements necessary for interoperability and data harmonisation including cross-theme issues. It specifies requirements and recommendations with regard to data specification elements of common use, like the spatial and temporal schema, unique identifier management, object referencing, some common code lists, etc. Those requirements of the Generic Conceptual Model that are directly implementable are included in the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Methodology for the Development of Data Specifications</em> defines a repeatable methodology. It describes how to arrive from user requirements to a data specification through a number of steps including use-case development, initial specification development and analysis of analogies and gaps for further specification refinement.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Guidelines for the Encoding of Spatial Data</em> defines how geographic information can be encoded to enable transfer processes between the systems of the data providers in the Member States. Even though it does not specify a mandatory encoding rule it sets GML (ISO 19136) as the default encoding for INSPIRE.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Guidelines for the use of Observations & Measurements and Sensor Web Enablement-related standards in INSPIRE Annex II and III data specification development</em> provides guidelines on how the "Observations and Measurements" standard (ISO 19156) is to be used within INSPIRE.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Common data models</em> are a set of documents that specify data models that are referenced by a number of different data specifications. These documents include generic data models for networks, coverages and activity complexes.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The structure of the data specifications is based on the "ISO 19131 Geographic information - Data product specifications" standard. They include the technical documentation of the application schema, the spatial object types with their properties, and other specifics of the spatial data themes using natural language as well as a formal conceptual schema language<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_10" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_10" title="View footnote.">10</a>]</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A consolidated model repository, feature concept dictionary, and glossary are being maintained to support the consistent specification development and potential further reuse of specification elements. The consolidated model consists of the harmonised models of the relevant standards from the ISO 19100 series, the INSPIRE Generic Conceptual Model, and the application schemas<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_11" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_11" title="View footnote.">11</a>]</sup> developed for each spatial data theme. The multilingual INSPIRE Feature Concept Dictionary contains the definition and description of the INSPIRE themes together with the definition of the spatial object types present in the specification. The INSPIRE Glossary defines all the terms (beyond the spatial object types) necessary for understanding the INSPIRE documentation including the terminology of other components (metadata, network services, data sharing, and monitoring).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By listing a number of requirements and making the necessary recommendations, the data specifications enable full system interoperability across the Member States, within the scope of the application areas targeted by the Directive. The data specifications (in their version 3.0) are published as technical guidelines and provide the basis for the content of the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_12" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_12" title="View footnote.">12</a>]</sup>. The content of the Implementing Rule is extracted from the data specifications, considering short- and medium-term feasibility as well as cost-benefit considerations. The requirements included in the Implementing Rule are legally binding for the Member States according to the timeline specified in the INSPIRE Directive.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In addition to providing a basis for the interoperability of spatial data in INSPIRE, the data specification development framework and the thematic data specifications can be reused in other environments at local, regional, national and global level contributing to improvements in the coherence and interoperability of data in spatial data infrastructures.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_elevation_executive_summary" class="discrete"><strong>Elevation – Executive Summary</strong></h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <em>Elevation</em> of a terrain surface, whether land based or bathymetric in nature, is one of the most important descriptors of the Earth’s morphology. Recognising the specific role that elevation may play in engineering and spatial analysis, the related data theme has been included in Annex II of INSPIRE. The <em>Elevation</em> data theme includes digital elevation models for land, ice and ocean surfaces both for terrestrial elevation and bathymetry, as well as shorelines.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><em>Elevation</em> data is being used in a wide range of applications like civil engineering, Earth science applications (especially flood mapping), planning and resource management, surveying and photogrammetry (in particular orthoimagery) and defence, which is reflected in the use-cases governing the data specification process.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The main purpose of a Digital Elevation Model is to provide an elevation property with reference to a specified origin (vertical reference or datum). This property may be height (when the value is measured opposite to the gravity field of the Earth) or depth (when the value is measured in the direction of the gravity field). Therefore they share the basic modelling concepts. Integrated land-sea models may be provided using either a height or depth property referenced to a known vertical reference. When an elevation property describes the bare surface of the land or sea floor the related model is called Digital Terrain Model (DTM). When an elevation property includes the heights of the objects present on the surface (e.g. vegetation, man-made objects) the related model is referred as Digital Surface Model (DSM). The INSPIRE data model permits the description of both options. In all cases, only one elevation value is included for each planimetric position (2.5-D modelling).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the case of the vector model, this data specification allows the use of 2-D or 2.5-D geometries. In the first case the vertical component of the coordinates are given as an attribute of a two dimensional spatial object, while in the second all the points in the elevation data set are expressed using three coordinates, where the elevation value is assigned to the (third) Z coordinate.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In line with existing technologies three spatial representation methods have been offered: grid, of mandatory provision, as well as vector and triangulated irregular network (TIN), of optional provision. Each of them is described in a separate package. In addition, generic modelling elements, such generic utilities (data types) are included in the base types application schema.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <em>Elevation</em> data specification includes the widely used grid representation, which is based on a coverage geometry, indicating elevation values at the points of a rectified grid. For Pan-European and cross-border purposes the data specification recommends the provision of elevation data using a theme-specific common grid based on ETRS89 geodetic coordinates (shared with the <em>Orthoimagery</em> data specifications), while using real time re-projection for display through view services.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The vector model consists of land elevation and bathymetry elements in the form of spot elevations, contour lines, as well as break lines. These elements are well known from topographical maps or nautical charts. The model supports the provision of all attributes and classifications that are required by the selected use-cases. It should be noted that the shoreline spatial object has been specified in the <em>Sea Regions</em> data specification and not in the <em>Elevation</em> as it was foreseen by the Directive.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The other alternative spatial representation form specified in INSPIRE is the TIN, where a collection of geometries (control points, break lines and stop lines) representing the terrain are collected together. The collection may be used later on to calculate a surface following the rules of any triangulation method (e.g. Delaunay).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>As stated in the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010, on interoperability of spatial data sets and services, the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS) shall be used to express gravity-related heights for the vertical component on land, within its geographical scope (continental Europe). Outside the geographical scope of EVRS (e.g. overseas territories), other vertical reference systems related to the Earth gravity field shall be used, which shall be defined and documented according to EN ISO 19111 and ISO 19127 by the Member State concerned. The Earth Gravitational Model (EGM Version 2008) is recommended in that cases.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Interoperability is further supported by harmonised metadata elements, recommendations for data quality, and agreed encoding to facilitate data exchange. The default encoding is GML. Gridded land-based and bathymetry elevation data is encoded using a GML Coverage. For the former, (land) the elevation values may alternatively be provided using external files in TIFF format. For the latter, (bathymetry) a file according to the BAG standard format of the International Hydrographic Organisation may be used optionally as an external file to provide the values. Only those compression methods are valid that do not lead to data loss. TIN data shall be encoded using GML TIN of the OpenGIS consortium. For supporting INSPIRE view services, default and alternative portrayal styles have been defined.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The main value of the INSPIRE <em>Elevation data</em> specification stands in the conceptually homogenous approaches to land elevation and bathymetry, as well as in the integrated presentation of different spatial representation forms. This is expected to underpin the exchange of all datasets in use in an interoperable way.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_acknowledgements" class="discrete"><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Many individuals and organisations have contributed to the development of these Guidelines.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Thematic Working Group <em>Elevation</em> (TWG-EL) included:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Michael Hovenbitzer (TWG Facilitator), Jordi Escriu Paradell (TWG Editor), Chris Howlett, Dave Capstick, Eduardo González, Gyula Iván, Lee Brinton, Lynne Allan, Rogier Broekman, Tim Kearns, Veijo Pätynen, Vincent Donato, Zdzislaw Kurczyński, Katalin Tóth (European Commission contact point).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Other contributors to the INSPIRE data specifications are the Drafting Team Data Specifications, the JRC data specifications team and the INSPIRE stakeholders - Spatial Data Interested Communities (SDICs) or Legally Mandated Organisations (LMOs).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Contact information</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Vanda Nunes de Lima<br>
European Commission Joint Research Centre<br>
Institute for Environment and Sustainability<br>
Unit H06: Digital Earth and Reference Data<br>
TP262, Via Fermi 2749<br>
I-21027 Ispra (VA)<br>
ITALY<br>
E-mail: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a><br>
Tel.: 39-0332-7865052<br>
Fax: 39-0332-7866325<br>
<a href="http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/" class="bare">http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/</a><br>
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/" class="bare">http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/</a><br>
<a href="http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/" class="bare">http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/</a></p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h1 id="_table_of_contents" class="discrete">Table of Contents</h1>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle" class="title"></div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_scope">1. Scope</a></li>
<li><a href="#_overview">2. Overview</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_name">2.1. Name</a></li>
<li><a href="#_informal_description">2.2. Informal description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_normative_references">2.3. Normative References</a></li>
<li><a href="#_terms_and_definitions">2.4. Terms and definitions</a></li>
<li><a href="#_symbols_and_abbreviations">2.5. Symbols and abbreviations</a></li>
<li><a href="#_how_the_technical_guidance_maps_to_the_implementing_rules">2.6. How the Technical Guidance maps to the Implementing Rules</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_requirements">2.6.1. Requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommendations">2.6.2. Recommendations</a></li>
<li><a href="#_conformance">2.6.3. Conformance</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_specification_scopes">3. Specification scopes</a></li>
<li><a href="#_identification_information">4. Identification information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_content_and_structure">5. Data content and structure</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_application_schemas_overview">5.1. Application schemas – Overview</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_application_schemas_included_in_the_irs">5.1.1. Application schemas included in the IRs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_basic_notions">5.2. Basic notions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_notation">5.2.1. Notation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_voidable_characteristics">5.2.2. Voidable characteristics</a></li>
<li><a href="#_code_lists">5.2.3. Code lists</a></li>
<li><a href="#_consistency_between_spatial_data_sets">5.2.4. Consistency between spatial data sets</a></li>
<li><a href="#_identifier_management">5.2.5. Identifier management</a></li>
<li><a href="#_geometry_representation">5.2.6. Geometry representation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporality_representation">5.2.7. Temporality representation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coverages">5.2.8. Coverages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_application_schema_elevation">5.3. Application schema Elevation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_description">5.3.1. Description</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_application_schema_elevationbasetypes">5.4. Application schema <em>ElevationBaseTypes</em></a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_description_2">5.4.1. Description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_feature_catalogue">5.4.2. Feature catalogue</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_application_schema_elevationgridcoverage">5.5. Application schema ElevationGridCoverage</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_description_3">5.5.1. Description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_feature_catalogue_2">5.5.2. Feature catalogue</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_application_schema_elevationvectorelements">5.6. Application schema <em>ElevationVectorElements</em></a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_description_4">5.6.1. Description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_feature_catalogue_3">5.6.2. Feature catalogue</a></li>
<li><a href="#_externally_governed_code_lists">5.6.3. Externally governed code lists</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_application_schema_elevationtin">5.7. Application schema <em>ElevationTIN</em></a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_description_5">5.7.1. Description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_feature_catalogue_4">5.7.2. Feature catalogue</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_reference_systems_units_of_measure_and_grids">6. Reference systems, units of measure and grids</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_default_reference_systems_units_of_measure_and_grid">6.1. Default reference systems, units of measure and grid</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_systems">6.1.1. Coordinate reference systems</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system">6.1.2. Temporal reference system</a></li>
<li><a href="#_units_of_measure">6.1.3. Units of measure</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grids">6.1.4. Grids</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_theme_specific_requirements_and_recommendations">6.2. Theme-specific requirements and recommendations</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_systems_3">6.2.1. Coordinate reference systems</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grids_2">6.2.2. Grids</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_quality">7. Data quality</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_data_quality_elements">7.1. Data quality elements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_completeness_commission">7.1.1. Completeness – Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="#_completeness_omission">7.1.2. Completeness – Omission</a></li>
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_conceptual_consistency">7.1.3. Logical consistency – Conceptual consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_domain_consistency">7.1.4. Logical consistency – Domain consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_format_consistency">7.1.5. Logical Consistency – Format consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_topological_consistency">7.1.6. Logical Consistency – Topological consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="#_positional_accuracy_absolute_or_external_accuracy">7.1.7. Positional accuracy – Absolute or external accuracy</a></li>
<li><a href="#_positional_accuracy_gridded_data_position_accuracy">7.1.8. Positional accuracy – Gridded data position accuracy</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_minimum_data_quality_requirements">7.2. Minimum data quality requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommendation_on_data_quality">7.3. Recommendation on data quality</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_dataset_level_metadata">8. Dataset-level metadata</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_defined_in_inspire_metadata_regulation">8.1. Metadata elements defined in INSPIRE Metadata Regulation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_conformity">8.1.1. Conformity</a></li>
<li><a href="#_lineage">8.1.2. Lineage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference">8.1.3. Temporal reference</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_for_interoperability">8.2. Metadata elements for interoperability</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_system">8.2.1. Coordinate Reference System</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system_2">8.2.2. Temporal Reference System</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encoding">8.2.3. Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#_character_encoding">8.2.4. Character Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#_spatial_representation_type">8.2.5. Spatial representation type</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_quality_logical_consistency_topological_consistency">8.2.6. Data Quality – Logical Consistency – Topological Consistency</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_recommended_theme_specific_metadata_elements">8.3. Recommended theme-specific metadata elements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_maintenance_information">8.3.1. Maintenance Information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_for_reporting_data_quality">8.3.2. Metadata elements for reporting data quality</a></li>
<li><a href="#_spatial_representation_information">8.3.3. Spatial representation information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_supplemental_information">8.3.4. Supplemental information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_process_step">8.3.5. Process step</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_source">8.3.6. Data source</a></li>
<li><a href="#_browse_graphic_information">8.3.7. Browse graphic information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_digital_transfer_options_information">8.3.8. Digital transfer options information</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_delivery">9. Delivery</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_updates">9.1. Updates</a></li>
<li><a href="#_delivery_medium">9.2. Delivery medium</a></li>
<li><a href="#_options_for_delivering_coverage_data">9.3. Options for delivering coverage data</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encodings">9.4. Encodings</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_default_encodings">9.4.1. Default Encoding(s)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommended_encodings">9.4.2. Recommended Encoding(s)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_capture">10. Data Capture</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_elevation_coverages_grids">10.1. Elevation - Coverages (Grids)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_grid_spacing">10.1.1. Grid spacing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_elevation_vector_elements">10.2. Elevation - Vector elements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_generic_consistency_rules">10.2.1. Generic consistency rules</a></li>
<li><a href="#_density_of_elevation_data">10.2.2. Density of Elevation data</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_elevation_tin">10.3. Elevation - TIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#_bathymetry_specific_objects">10.4. Bathymetry-specific objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_portrayal">11. Portrayal</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_layers_to_be_provided_by_inspire_view_services">11.1. Layers to be provided by INSPIRE view services</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_layers_organisation">11.1.1. Layers organisation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_styles_required_to_be_supported_by_inspire_view_services">11.2. Styles required to be supported by INSPIRE view services</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_el_breakline">11.2.1. Styles for the layer EL.BreakLine</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_el_contourline">11.2.2. Styles for the layer EL.ContourLine</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_el_isolatedarea">11.2.3. Styles for the layer EL.IsolatedArea</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_el_spotelevation">11.2.4. Styles for the layer EL.SpotElevation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_el_voidarea">11.2.5. Styles for the layer EL.VoidArea</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_el_gridcoverage">11.2.6. Styles for the layer EL.GridCoverage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_el_tin">11.2.7. Styles for the layer EL.TIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#_examples">11.2.8. Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_styles_recommended_to_be_supported_by_inspire_view_services">11.3. Styles recommended to be supported by INSPIRE view services</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_el_contourline_2">11.3.1. Styles for the layer EL.ContourLine</a></li>
<li><a href="#_examples_2">11.3.2. Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_bibliography">Bibliography</a></li>
<li><a href="#_abstract_test_suite_normative">Annex A: Abstract Test Suite (normative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_application_schema_conformance_class">A.1. Application Schema Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_schema_element_denomination_test">A.1.1. Schema element denomination test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_value_type_test">A.1.2. Value type test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_value_test">A.1.3. Value test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_attributesassociations_completeness_test">A.1.4. Attributes/associations completeness test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_abstract_spatial_object_test">A.1.5. Abstract spatial object test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_constraints_test">A.1.6. Constraints test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_geometry_representation_test">A.1.7. Geometry representation test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_reference_systems_conformance_class">A.2. Reference Systems Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_datum_test">A.2.1. Datum test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_system_test">A.2.2. Coordinate reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_vertical_coordinate_reference_system_exclusiveness_test">A.2.3. Vertical Coordinate Reference System exclusiveness test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grid_test">A.2.4. Grid test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_view_service_coordinate_reference_system_test">A.2.5. View service coordinate reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system_test">A.2.6. Temporal reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_units_of_measurements_test">A.2.7. Units of measurements test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_consistency_conformance_class">A.3. Data Consistency Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_unique_identifier_persistency_test">A.3.1. Unique identifier persistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_version_consistency_test">A.3.2. Version consistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_life_cycle_time_sequence_test">A.3.3. Life cycle time sequence test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_update_frequency_test">A.3.4. Update frequency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grid_aggregation_test">A.3.5. Grid aggregation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_contour_line_test">A.3.6. Contour line test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_break_line_test">A.3.7. Break line test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_isolated_area_test">A.3.8. Isolated area test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_stop_line_test">A.3.9. Stop line test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_ir_conformance_class">A.4. Metadata IR Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_metadata_for_interoperability_test">A.4.1. Metadata for interoperability test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_completeness_test">A.4.2. Metadata completeness test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_information_accessibility_conformance_class">A.5. Information Accessibility Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_code_list_publication_test">A.5.1. Code list publication test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_publication_test">A.5.2. CRS publication test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_identification_test">A.5.3. CRS identification test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grid_identification_test">A.5.4. Grid identification test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_delivery_conformance_class">A.6. Data Delivery Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_encoding_compliance_test">A.6.1. Encoding compliance test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_minimum_data_delivery_test">A.6.2. Minimum data delivery test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_portrayal_conformance_class">A.7. Portrayal Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_layer_designation_test">A.7.1. Layer designation test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_part_2_conformity_with_the_technical_guideline_tg_requirements">A.8. Part 2 : Conformity with the technical guideline (TG) Requirements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_multiplicity_test">A.8.1. Multiplicity test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_http_uri_test">A.8.2. CRS http URI test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_encoding_schema_validation_test">A.8.3. Metadata encoding schema validation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_occurrence_test">A.8.4. Metadata occurrence test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_consistency_test">A.8.5. Metadata consistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encoding_schema_validation_test">A.8.6. Encoding schema validation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coverage_multipart_representation_test">A.8.7. Coverage multipart representation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coverage_domain_consistency_test">A.8.8. Coverage domain consistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_tiff_conformity_test">A.8.9. TIFF conformity test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_tiff_data_structure_test">A.8.10. TIFF data structure test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_tiff_range_coding_test">A.8.11. TIFF range coding test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_tiff_range_compression_test">A.8.12. TIFF range compression test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_tiff_grid_coordinate_system_test">A.8.13. TIFF grid coordinate system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_style_test">A.8.14. Style test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_use_cases_informative">Annex B: Use-Cases (informative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_documented_high_level_use_cases">B.1. Documented high-level use cases</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_flood_mapping">B.1.1. Flood mapping</a></li>
<li><a href="#_orthoimagery_production">B.1.2. Orthoimagery production</a></li>
<li><a href="#_elevation_mapping">B.1.3. Elevation mapping</a></li>
<li><a href="#_maintenance_of_fairways">B.1.4. Maintenance of fairways</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_additional_applications">B.2. Additional applications</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_code_list_values_normative">Annex C: Code list values (normative)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pan_european_geographic_grid_for_gridded_elevation_data_informative">Annex D: Pan-European Geographic Grid for gridded <em>Elevation</em> data (informative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_introduction">D.1. Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#_zoned_geographic_grid_for_gridded_elevation_data">D.2. Zoned Geographic Grid for gridded <em>Elevation</em> data</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_examples_on_how_to_use_chartdatum_data_type_informative">Annex E: Examples on how to use <em>ChartDatum</em> data type (informative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_description_of_the_sea_floor">E.1. Description of the sea floor</a></li>
<li><a href="#_description_of_the_floor_of_an_inland_standing_water_body">E.2. Description of the floor of an inland standing water body</a></li>
<li><a href="#_description_of_the_bed_of_a_navigable_river">E.3. Description of the bed of a navigable river</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_encoding_rules_for_tiff_normative">Annex F: Encoding rules for TIFF (normative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_introduction_2">F.1. Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#_tiff_format">F.2. TIFF format</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">