diff --git a/libcst/codemod/_cli.py b/libcst/codemod/_cli.py
index 2481bf9d..aa482c30 100644
--- a/libcst/codemod/_cli.py
+++ b/libcst/codemod/_cli.py
@@ -10,20 +10,22 @@
 import difflib
 import os.path
 import re
+import functools
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import time
 import traceback
+from concurrent.futures import as_completed, Executor
 from copy import deepcopy
 from dataclasses import dataclass, replace
-from multiprocessing import cpu_count, Pool
+from multiprocessing import cpu_count
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, AnyStr, cast, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Union
+from typing import Any, AnyStr, cast, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Union, Callable
 
 from libcst import parse_module, PartialParserConfig
 from libcst.codemod._codemod import Codemod
 from libcst.codemod._context import CodemodContext
-from libcst.codemod._dummy_pool import DummyPool
+from libcst.codemod._dummy_pool import DummyExecutor
 from libcst.codemod._runner import (
     SkipFile,
     SkipReason,
@@ -607,13 +609,20 @@ def parallel_exec_transform_with_prettyprint(  # noqa: C901
         python_version=python_version,
     )
 
+    pool_impl: Callable[[], Executor]
     if total == 1 or jobs == 1:
         # Simple case, we should not pay for process overhead.
-        # Let's just use a dummy synchronous pool.
+        # Let's just use a dummy synchronous executor.
         jobs = 1
-        pool_impl = DummyPool
+        pool_impl = DummyExecutor
+    elif getattr(sys, "_is_gil_enabled", lambda: False)():
+        from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+
+        pool_impl = functools.partial(ThreadPoolExecutor, max_workers=jobs)
     else:
-        pool_impl = Pool
+        from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
+
+        pool_impl = functools.partial(ProcessPoolExecutor, max_workers=jobs)
         # Warm the parser, pre-fork.
         parse_module(
             "",
@@ -629,7 +638,7 @@ def parallel_exec_transform_with_prettyprint(  # noqa: C901
     warnings: int = 0
     skips: int = 0
 
-    with pool_impl(processes=jobs) as p:  # type: ignore
+    with pool_impl() as executor:  # type: ignore
         args = [
             {
                 "transformer": transform,
@@ -640,9 +649,9 @@ def parallel_exec_transform_with_prettyprint(  # noqa: C901
             for filename in files
         ]
         try:
-            for result in p.imap_unordered(
-                _execute_transform_wrap, args, chunksize=chunksize
-            ):
+            futures = [executor.submit(_execute_transform_wrap, arg) for arg in args]
+            for future in as_completed(futures):
+                result = future.result()
                 # Print an execution result, keep track of failures
                 _print_parallel_result(
                     result,
diff --git a/libcst/codemod/_dummy_pool.py b/libcst/codemod/_dummy_pool.py
index c4a24932..f256e405 100644
--- a/libcst/codemod/_dummy_pool.py
+++ b/libcst/codemod/_dummy_pool.py
@@ -3,37 +3,50 @@
 # This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 # LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 
+import sys
+from concurrent.futures import Executor, Future
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Optional, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Callable, Optional, Type, TypeVar
 
-RetT = TypeVar("RetT")
-ArgT = TypeVar("ArgT")
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from typing import ParamSpec
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
 
+Return = TypeVar("Return")
+ParamSpec = ParamSpec("ParamSpec")
 
-class DummyPool:
+
+class DummyExecutor(Executor):
     """
-    Synchronous dummy `multiprocessing.Pool` analogue.
+    Synchronous dummy `concurrent.futures.Executor` analogue.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, processes: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
-        pass
-
-    def imap_unordered(
+    def submit(
         self,
-        func: Callable[[ArgT], RetT],
-        iterable: Iterable[ArgT],
-        chunksize: Optional[int] = None,
-    ) -> Generator[RetT, None, None]:
-        for args in iterable:
-            yield func(args)
-
-    def __enter__(self) -> "DummyPool":
+        # pyre-ignore
+        fn: Callable[ParamSpec, Return],
+        # pyre-ignore
+        *args: ParamSpec.args,
+        # pyre-ignore
+        **kwargs: ParamSpec.kwargs,
+        # pyre-ignore
+    ) -> Future[Return]:
+        future: Future[Return] = Future()
+        try:
+            result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
+            future.set_result(result)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            future.set_exception(exc)
+        return future
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "DummyExecutor":
         return self
 
     def __exit__(
         self,
-        exc_type: Optional[Type[Exception]],
-        exc: Optional[Exception],
-        tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
     ) -> None:
         pass
diff --git a/native/libcst/src/py.rs b/native/libcst/src/py.rs
index bd7dfe6d..57da11e7 100644
--- a/native/libcst/src/py.rs
+++ b/native/libcst/src/py.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 use crate::nodes::traits::py::TryIntoPy;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 
-#[pymodule]
+#[pymodule(gil_used = false)]
 #[pyo3(name = "native")]
 pub fn libcst_native(_py: Python, m: &Bound<PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
     #[pyfn(m)]