Each minor release of version of Vulkan has added many extensions. The Vulkan Guide has added a summary of why each extension was added and some details about the use cases. This list is taken from the Vulkan spec, but links jump to the various spots in the Vulkan Guide
Vulkan 1.1 was released on March 7, 2018
Besides the listed extensions below, Vulkan 1.1 introduced the subgroups, protected memory, and the ability to query the instance version.
- VK_KHR_16bit_storage
- VK_KHR_bind_memory2
- VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation
- VK_KHR_descriptor_update_template
- VK_KHR_device_group
- VK_KHR_device_group_creation
- VK_KHR_external_fence
- VK_KHR_external_fence_capabilities
- VK_KHR_external_memory
- VK_KHR_external_memory_capabilities
- VK_KHR_external_semaphore
- VK_KHR_external_semaphore_capabilities
- VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2
- VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2
- VK_KHR_maintenance1
- VK_KHR_maintenance2
- VK_KHR_maintenance3
- VK_KHR_multiview
- VK_KHR_relaxed_block_layout
- VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion
- VK_KHR_shader_draw_parameters
- VK_KHR_storage_buffer_storage_class
- VK_KHR_variable_pointers
Vulkan 1.2 was released on January 15, 2020
- VK_KHR_8bit_storage
- VK_KHR_buffer_device_address
- VK_KHR_create_renderpass2
- VK_KHR_depth_stencil_resolve
- VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count
- VK_KHR_driver_properties
- VK_KHR_image_format_list
- VK_KHR_imageless_framebuffer
- VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge
- VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts
- VK_KHR_shader_atomic_int64
- VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8
- VK_KHR_shader_float_controls
- VK_KHR_shader_subgroup_extended_types
- VK_KHR_spirv_1_4
- VK_KHR_timeline_semaphore
- VK_KHR_uniform_buffer_standard_layout
- VK_KHR_vulkan_memory_model
- VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing
- VK_EXT_host_query_reset
- VK_EXT_sampler_filter_minmax
- VK_EXT_scalar_block_layout
- VK_EXT_separate_stencil_usage
- VK_EXT_shader_viewport_index_layer