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<h1>Displaying Special Characters</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ms7-osx10.6">Microsoft Windows 7 – 10; Mac OS X 10.6 – 10.15</a></li>
<li><a href="#ms-apple">Microsoft Windows/Vista and Mac OS X/Leopard (10.5)</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux">Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, and other Unix OSes</a></li>
<li><a href="#ms-old">Microsoft Windows XP, NT, 2000, ME, and 98</a></li>
<li><a href="#apple-old">Apple Mac OS X/Tiger (Panther, etc.) and Mac OS 9</a></li>
<li><a href="#note">A Note About the Special Characters in our Entries</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Note: If your browser is having trouble displaying the uppercase
cursive (‘script’) characters that we have started to use
in some technical entries, please follow the instructions for installing
Computer Modern Symbol font (cmsy10.ttf) from the CTAN TeX Archive site:</p>
<blockquote>
<a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/cm/ps-type1/bakoma/ttf/" target="other">BaKoMa TTF fonts</a>
</blockquote>
<p>Once you have reached the above page, all you need to do is search for
‘cmsy10.ttf’ and download/install that font.</p>
<h2><a id="ms7-osx10.6"></a>Microsoft Windows 7 – 10; Mac OS X 10.6 – 10.15</h2>
<p>
At this time, there are no known issues when displaying our webpages
in Windows 7 – 10, or on any of the following Mac systems: Mac
OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard), Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion), Mac OS X 10.8
(Mountain Lion), Mac OS X 10.9 (Mavericks), Mac OS X 10.10 (Yosemite),
Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan), or macOS 10.12 (Sierra), macOS 10.13 (High Sierra),
macOS 10.14 (Mojave), or macOS 10.15 (Catalina). </p>
<h2><a id="ms-apple"></a>Microsoft Windows/Vista and Mac OS X/Leopard (10.5)</h2>
<p>
<strong>Windows/Vista</strong>. Though we have had limited
opportunities to test our pages on Vista machines, the best results
are obtained when using
<a href="http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/" target="other">Firefox</a>
as the browser using its default font. We've had reports that
Internet Explorer may lack certain special Unicode characters that we
use. If you can't install Firefox, then try: Start → Settings
→ Control Panel; switch to the Classic View of the Control
Panel; select Regional and Language → Languages and then check
both “Install files for complex script” and
“Install files for East Asian languages”. Then Restart
your computer so the new fonts will get loaded.</p>
<p>
<strong>Mac OS X/Leopard (10.5)</strong>. The versions of Safari,
Firefox, Camino, Mozilla, and OmniWeb that run under Mac OS X 10.5
have all been tested successfully. However, for the best results, you
should set the font to Times or Lucida Grande, since these fonts seems
to have the widest support for Unicode characters in Mac OS X. We've
also tested Opera with pretty good success. See also Alan Wood's
Unicode Resources:
<a href="http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts_macosx.html" target="other">Unicode fonts for Macintosh OS X computers</a>.</p>
<h2><a id="linux"></a>Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, and other Unix OSes</h2>
<p>
Firefox, Chrome, and Opera all provide reasonably good support for
the special characters used in SEP entries, assuming you use the
default font. However, we haven't test our pages with these systems
as widely as we have the Windows and Mac platforms. So we cannot
supply more specific information about what works best, i.e., what
browser/font combination supports the widest range of Unicode
characters.</p>
<h2><a id="ms-old"></a>Microsoft Windows XP, NT, 2000, ME, and 98</h2>
<p>
<a href="http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/" target="other">Firefox</a>
gives the best results. If you are using IE 7 under Windows XP, or IE
6 under Windows XP, 2000, ME or 98, try setting your font to Lucida
Sans Unicode, Arial, Times, Times New Roman or Courier New fonts, all
of which are supposed to support the Unicode named character entities
we use in our documents. It is important to remember that not all of
these fonts will support all the Unicode characters, so you may need
to try different fonts for entries which have obscure characters.</p>
<p>
<strong>Some things to do if special characters aren't displayed</strong>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Some users need only use the Windows Update mechanism built into
Internet Explorer to install support for the East Asian languages on
your Windows machine. For some reason, this makes the Unicode fonts
available to IE!
<ol>
<li>In IE select the Tools → Windows Update menu item</li>
<li>In the window that comes up, choose to scan your system</li>
<li>If the scan completes and shows new updates to install,
select Windows updates in the left frame of the window; if it says no
new updates are available, then try Option 2 below</li>
<li>Under the Language Support category in the lower right frame,
click the 'Add' button for each of the Asian languages (Chinese,
Japanese, Korean) [we are not sure whether all of these are required,
but they do seem to be jointly sufficient]</li>
<li>Click review and install in the upper right frame of the
browser window</li>
<li>Wait for installation to complete</li>
<li>Restart web browser</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>If, after scanning your system, IE reports that there are no new
updates available, you may instead have to use the Control Panel to
install support for the East Asian languages on your Windows machine.
Again, for some reason, this makes the Unicode fonts available to IE!
Just follow the first 4 instructions on the following web page:
<blockquote>
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140803215454/http://bulldog2.redlands.edu/dept/AsianStudiesDept/Language/asianlanguageinstallation_XP.html" target="other">Installing East Asian Language Support Under Windows XP</a>
<br />
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140803211417/http://bulldog2.redlands.edu/dept/AsianStudiesDept/Language/asianlanguageinstallation_2000.html" target="other">Installing East Asian Language Support Under Windows Professional 2000</a>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>Alternatively, try following the instructions at Alan Wood's Unicode Resources page:
<a href="http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html" target="other">Unicode fonts for Windows computers</a></li>
<li>Alternatively, install and use any of the other web browsers
mentioned below:
<blockquote>
<a href="http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/" target="other">Firefox</a>
<br />
<a href="http://www.apple.com/safari/" target="other">Safari</a>
<br />
<a href="http://www.opera.com/computer" target="other">Opera</a>
</blockquote>
Generally these browsers work without any special configuration under
Windows XP and Windows 2000, but for these browsers to work correctly
under ME/98, you may have to (a) follow Step 2 above (except
installing the Asian language support from your install CD) and (b)
set Preferences in these browsers to use a Unicode-enabled font
(Lucida Sans Unicode, Arial, Times, Times New Roman).</li>
</ul>
<p>
We should also note the following for Windows XP users. Our pages,
and all other web pages, will look better if you set the following:
Control Panel → Display → Appearance → Effects →
Use the following method to smooth edges of screen fonts →
ClearType.</p>
<h2><a id="apple-old"></a>Apple Mac OS X/Tiger (Panther, etc.)</h2>
<p>
<strong>Mac OS X Tiger (Panther, etc.)</strong>. Safari and Firefox
work well. For Safari, set the font to either Time Roman
or Lucida Grande. For Firefox, use the default font.</p>
<h2><a id="note"></a>A Note About the Special Characters in our Entries</h2>
<p>
We have tried to format our entries in XHTML so that they display
properly in a wide range of web browsers. We have developed a web
page of special characters which display correctly in a variety
of current browsers. See </p>
<blockquote>
<a href="symbols/entities.html">Widely Supported HTML 4 and Unicode Characters</a>
</blockquote>
<p>
But many of our entries use special symbols, such as logical,
mathematical, and other symbols, which are not widely supported. Here
is a list of such symbols:</p>
<blockquote>
<a href="symbols/index-2.html">Special Symbols Not Widely Supported</a>
</blockquote>
<p>
In the past, we used many more of the "low-resolution" screen shots
of these characters and displayed the resulting graphics in the entry
as small images, as we have done on the page cited immediately above.
But, recently, after being convinced that there was wide support for
Unicode characters among web browsers and operating systems, we
starting replacing the low-resolution graphics with widely supported
font-based Unicode characters. We are slowly but surely making all of
our older entries compatible with the newer XHTML standard in the
process. Indeed, we have now configured our publishing system so that
our entries must parse as valid XHTML (i.e., be in compliance with the
international standards set by the authoritative
<a href="http://www.w3.org/" target="other">W3C organization</a>)
before they are published on the web. (We determine validity by
sending our entries, pre-publication, to
<<a href="http://validator.w3.org/" target="other">http://validator.w3.org/</a>>
and fixing any errors reported when this engine tries to determine
whether our documents are valid.) </p>
<p>
Invariably, our best intentions are sometimes defeated by the
technologies involved. If your browser is not properly displaying the
named character entities in an entry (e.g., logical symbols,
mathematical symbols, etc.), then we hope the above suggestions prove
useful. </p>
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