075_Superlative_marker.qmd

---
title: Superlative marker
author: Ilya Sadakov
date: 'Last update: `r lubridate::make_datetime(year = 2024, month = 1, day = 11)`'
output:
  html_document:
    number_sections: false
    anchor_sections: true
    pandoc_args: --shift-heading-level-by=-1
---

```{r, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE, message = FALSE, warning=FALSE, fig.width = 9.5)
library(tidyverse)
library(lingtypology)
read_csv('data/database.csv', show_col_types = FALSE) |> 
  filter(feature_id == 75) ->
  db
read_csv('data/villages.csv') |> 
  filter(!(village %in% c('Kazankulak', 'Novyy Borch', 'Vrush', 'Aran', 'Khnyukh'))) ->
  villages
  
villages |> 
  filter(!(village %in% c('Tsudik', 'Borch'))) ->
  villages4map
  
```

The map codes the expression of the superlative degree of comparison (‘X is the Y-est (of Z)’). We used the stimulus 'She is the most beautiful girl in the village.' (Russian 'Она самая красивая девушка в деревне'). For the map, only the first answer was taken into account. In all cases, the expression was periphrastic. The map shows the choice of the function word in the construction. Ibragimov (2004: 75) mentions modifiers bala ‘much’ and lap ‘very’ as ones which are used with adjectives to express the superlative degree. However, these words are originally intensifiers rather than superlative markers (cf. ‘very beautiful’ and ‘the most beautiful’). Our stimulus includes the designation of the set of entities involved in the comparison ('in the village'), and this allows to eliminate the intensifier interpretation (cf. ‘#She is a very beautiful girl in the village’) and to show the truly superlative functioning of the modifiers. Other, more apparently dedicated, options are the use of the Russian modifier samɨj ‘most’, the modifier derived from the demonstrative haasa ‘such’, the ordinal numeral saxusdɨ ‘first’ and the word sin ‘all’ used as the standard of comparison (i.e. ‘of all’).


##

::: {.panel-tabset}

### Map

```{r}
db |> 
  filter(!is.na(value),
         value != 'NO DATA') |>
  mutate(value = str_split(value, ' ; ')) |> 
  unnest_longer(value) |> 
  distinct(settlement, value) |> 
  mutate(n = 1) |> 
  pivot_wider(names_from = value, values_from = n, values_fill = 0) |> 
  left_join(villages[,c('village', 'lat', 'lon')], c('settlement' = 'village')) |> 
  mutate(language = 'Rutul') ->
  for_map
  
if(length(for_map) == 5){
map.feature(languages = 'Rutul',
            latitude = villages4map$lat,
            longitude = villages4map$lon,
            label = villages4map$village,
            label.position = 'top',
            label.hide = FALSE,
            width = 10,
            color = 'gray',
            tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
            opacity = 0.4) |> 
  map.feature(languages = for_map$language,
              latitude = for_map$lat,
              longitude = for_map$lon,
              label = for_map$settlement,
              label.position = 'top',
              label.hide = FALSE,
              width = 10,
              tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
              features = colnames(for_map)[2],
              pipe.data = _)  
} else {
map.feature(languages = 'Rutul',
            latitude = villages4map$lat,
            longitude = villages4map$lon,
            label = villages4map$village,
            label.position = 'top',
            label.hide = FALSE,
            width = 10,
            color = 'gray',
            tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
            opacity = 0.4) |> 
  map.feature(languages = for_map$language,
            latitude = for_map$lat,
            longitude = for_map$lon,
            minichart.data = for_map |> select(-settlement, -lat, -lon, -language),
            minichart = 'pie', 
            width = 3,
            tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
            pipe.data = _)
}
```

### Data

```{r}
db |> 
  select(settlement, value, stimuli, answer, collected) |> 
  DT::datatable(class = 'cell-border stripe', 
    rownames = FALSE, 
    filter = 'top', 
    extensions = 'Buttons',
    options = list(pageLength = 42, 
                   autoWidth = TRUE, 
                   info = FALSE,
                   dom = 'fBltp',
                   buttons = list(list(extend = 'collection',
                                       buttons = c('csv', 'excel', 'pdf'),
                                       text = '<i class="fas fa-download"></i>')),
                   paginate = TRUE))
```
:::