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接口设计 - Pumpkinor.io
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<h1>接口设计</h1>
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<span class="date">2021/10/28</span>
<span>posted in </span>
<span class="posted-in"><a href='Java%20Mistake%20100.html'>Java Mistake 100</a></span>
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<h4><a id="%E6%91%98%E5%BD%95" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>摘录</h4>
<p>针对接口设计，和你深入探讨了三个方面的问题：</p>
<ol>
<li>针对响应体的设计混乱、响应结果的不明确问题，服务端需要明确响应体每一个字段的意义，以一致的方式进行处理，并确保不透传下游服务的错误。</li>
<li>针对接口版本控制问题，主要就是在开发接口之前明确版本控制策略，以及尽量使用统一的版本控制策略两方面。</li>
<li>针对接口的处理方式，我认为需要明确要么是同步要么是异步。如果 API 列表中既有同步接口也有异步接口，那么最好直接在接口名中明确。</li>
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<p>一个良好的接口文档不仅仅需要说明如何调用接口，更需要补充接口使用的最佳实践以及接口的 SLA 标准。我看到的大部分接口文档只给出了参数定义，但诸如幂等性、同步异步、缓存策略等看似内部实现相关的一些设计，其实也会影响调用方对接口的使用策略，最好也可以体现在接口文档中。<br />
最后，我再额外提一下，对于服务端出错的时候是否返回 200 响应码的问题，其实一直有争论。从 RESTful 设计原则来看，我们应该尽量利用 HTTP 状态码来表达错误，但也不是这么绝对。如果我们认为 HTTP 状态码是协议层面的履约，那么当这个错误已经不涉及 HTTP 协议时（换句话说，服务端已经收到请求进入服务端业务处理后产生的错误），不一定需要硬套协议本身的错误码。但涉及非法 URL、非法参数、没有权限等无法处理请求的情况，还是应该使用正确的响应码来应对。</p>
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