diff --git a/src/Graphics/Material.hpp b/src/Graphics/Material.hpp
index 12f4578..825c075 100644
--- a/src/Graphics/Material.hpp
+++ b/src/Graphics/Material.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@
 #include <Utils/IdGenerator.hpp>
 
 namespace Dynamo::Graphics {
+    /**
+     * @brief Material handle.
+     *
+     */
+    DYN_DEFINE_ID_TYPE(Material);
+
     /**
      * @brief Topology modes.
      *
@@ -38,7 +44,7 @@ namespace Dynamo::Graphics {
      * @brief Material descriptor.
      *
      */
-    struct Material {
+    struct MaterialDescriptor {
         /**
          * @brief Vertex shader handle.
          *
@@ -76,7 +82,7 @@ namespace Dynamo::Graphics {
          * @return true
          * @return false
          */
-        inline bool operator==(const Material &other) const {
+        inline bool operator==(const MaterialDescriptor &other) const {
             return vertex == other.vertex && fragment == other.fragment && topology == other.topology &&
                    fill == other.fill && cull == other.cull;
         }
@@ -84,13 +90,13 @@ namespace Dynamo::Graphics {
 } // namespace Dynamo::Graphics
 
 /**
- * @brief Hash function implementation for Graphics Material.
+ * @brief Hash function implementation for Graphics MaterialDescriptor.
  *
  * @tparam
  */
 template <>
-struct std::hash<Dynamo::Graphics::Material> {
-    inline size_t operator()(const Dynamo::Graphics::Material &material) const {
+struct std::hash<Dynamo::Graphics::MaterialDescriptor> {
+    inline size_t operator()(const Dynamo::Graphics::MaterialDescriptor &material) const {
         size_t hash0 = std::hash<Dynamo::Graphics::Shader>{}(material.vertex);
         size_t hash1 = std::hash<Dynamo::Graphics::Shader>{}(material.fragment);
         size_t hash2 = std::hash<unsigned>{}(static_cast<unsigned>(material.topology));
diff --git a/src/Graphics/Renderer.cpp b/src/Graphics/Renderer.cpp
index 8b8c4fb..77729c7 100644
--- a/src/Graphics/Renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/Graphics/Renderer.cpp
@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@ namespace Dynamo::Graphics::Vulkan {
 
     void Renderer::destroy_shader(Shader shader) { _shaders.destroy(shader); }
 
+    Material Renderer::build_material(const MaterialDescriptor &descriptor) {
+        return _materials.build(descriptor, _swapchain, _shaders);
+    }
+
     void Renderer::render() {
         const FrameContext &frame = _frame_contexts.next();
         vkWaitForFences(_device, 1, &frame.sync_fence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
@@ -155,7 +159,7 @@ namespace Dynamo::Graphics::Vulkan {
 
         // Iterate over models and draw
         for (Model model : _models) {
-            MaterialInstance pipeline_pass = _materials.get(model.material, _swapchain, _shaders);
+            MaterialInstance pipeline_pass = _materials.get(model.material);
 
             FramebufferSettings framebuffer_settings;
             framebuffer_settings.view = _swapchain.views[image_index];
diff --git a/src/Graphics/Renderer.hpp b/src/Graphics/Renderer.hpp
index 5d06eb0..f655739 100644
--- a/src/Graphics/Renderer.hpp
+++ b/src/Graphics/Renderer.hpp
@@ -116,6 +116,14 @@ namespace Dynamo::Graphics::Vulkan {
          */
         void destroy_shader(Shader shader);
 
+        /**
+         * @brief Build a material.
+         *
+         * @param descriptor
+         * @return Material
+         */
+        Material build_material(const MaterialDescriptor &descriptor);
+
         /**
          * @brief Draw a model in the current frame.
          *
diff --git a/src/Graphics/Vulkan/MaterialRegistry.cpp b/src/Graphics/Vulkan/MaterialRegistry.cpp
index 3957ed6..f95dedf 100644
--- a/src/Graphics/Vulkan/MaterialRegistry.cpp
+++ b/src/Graphics/Vulkan/MaterialRegistry.cpp
@@ -193,11 +193,12 @@ namespace Dynamo::Graphics::Vulkan {
         return pipeline;
     }
 
-    MaterialInstance
-    MaterialRegistry::build(const Material &material, const Swapchain &swapchain, const ShaderSet &shaders) {
+    Material MaterialRegistry::build(const MaterialDescriptor &descriptor,
+                                     const Swapchain &swapchain,
+                                     const ShaderSet &shaders) {
         MaterialInstance instance;
-        const ShaderModule &vertex_module = shaders.get(material.vertex);
-        const ShaderModule &fragment_module = shaders.get(material.fragment);
+        const ShaderModule &vertex_module = shaders.get(descriptor.vertex);
+        const ShaderModule &fragment_module = shaders.get(descriptor.fragment);
 
         // Aggregate descriptor layouts
         std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> descriptor_layouts;
@@ -251,9 +252,9 @@ namespace Dynamo::Graphics::Vulkan {
         GraphicsPipelineSettings pipeline_settings;
         pipeline_settings.vertex = vertex_module;
         pipeline_settings.fragment = fragment_module;
-        pipeline_settings.topology = convert_topology(material.topology);
-        pipeline_settings.cull_mode = convert_cull(material.cull);
-        pipeline_settings.polygon_mode = convert_fill(material.fill);
+        pipeline_settings.topology = convert_topology(descriptor.topology);
+        pipeline_settings.cull_mode = convert_cull(descriptor.cull);
+        pipeline_settings.polygon_mode = convert_fill(descriptor.fill);
         pipeline_settings.renderpass = instance.renderpass;
         pipeline_settings.layout = instance.layout;
         auto pipeline_it = _pipelines.find(pipeline_settings);
@@ -264,22 +265,13 @@ namespace Dynamo::Graphics::Vulkan {
             _pipelines.emplace(pipeline_settings, instance.pipeline);
         }
 
-        return instance;
-    }
-
-    MaterialInstance
-    MaterialRegistry::get(const Material &material, const Swapchain &swapchain, const ShaderSet &shaders) {
-        // It's expensive to index into pipeline/layout/pass caches every time, so check if dirty before rebuilding
-        auto instance_it = _instances.find(material);
-        if (instance_it != _instances.end()) {
-            return instance_it->second;
-        }
-
-        MaterialInstance instance = build(material, swapchain, shaders);
+        Material material = IdGenerator<Material>::generate();
         _instances.emplace(material, instance);
-        return instance;
+        return material;
     }
 
+    MaterialInstance &MaterialRegistry::get(Material material) { return _instances.at(material); }
+
     void MaterialRegistry::destroy() {
         // Clean up pipelines
         vkDestroyPipelineCache(_device, _pipeline_cache, nullptr);
diff --git a/src/Graphics/Vulkan/MaterialRegistry.hpp b/src/Graphics/Vulkan/MaterialRegistry.hpp
index 6acf44e..87769ad 100644
--- a/src/Graphics/Vulkan/MaterialRegistry.hpp
+++ b/src/Graphics/Vulkan/MaterialRegistry.hpp
@@ -173,29 +173,27 @@ namespace Dynamo::Graphics::Vulkan {
          */
         VkPipeline build_pipeline(const GraphicsPipelineSettings &settings) const;
 
+      public:
+        MaterialRegistry(VkDevice device, const std::string &filename);
+        MaterialRegistry() = default;
+
         /**
-         * @brief Build the material instance.
+         * @brief Build a material and its resources.
          *
-         * @param material
+         * @param descriptor
          * @param swapchain
          * @param shaders
          * @return MaterialInstance
          */
-        MaterialInstance build(const Material &material, const Swapchain &swapchain, const ShaderSet &shaders);
-
-      public:
-        MaterialRegistry(VkDevice device, const std::string &filename);
-        MaterialRegistry() = default;
+        Material build(const MaterialDescriptor &descriptor, const Swapchain &swapchain, const ShaderSet &shaders);
 
         /**
-         * @brief Build a Vulkan material instance.
+         * @brief Get a material instance.
          *
          * @param material
-         * @param swapchain
-         * @param shaders
-         * @return MaterialInstance
+         * @return MaterialInstance&
          */
-        MaterialInstance get(const Material &material, const Swapchain &swapchain, const ShaderSet &shaders);
+        MaterialInstance &get(Material material);
 
         /**
          * @brief Destroy all Vulkan resources.