diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v3.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v3.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54a4599ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v3.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override bool HandleNull => true;            
+ #endif            
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v3.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v3.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0fb35503af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v3.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.6.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.6.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0244132a42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.6.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override bool HandleNull => true;            
+ #endif            
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.6.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.6.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0719647f77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.6.1/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.8/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.8/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..670e6b0b5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.8/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override bool HandleNull => true;            
+ #endif            
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.8/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.8/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a5f34987d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v4.8/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v5.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v5.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54a4599ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v5.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override bool HandleNull => true;            
+ #endif            
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v5.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v5.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0fb35503af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v5.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v6.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v6.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54a4599ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v6.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override bool HandleNull => true;            
+ #endif            
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v6.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v6.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0fb35503af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v6.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v7.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v7.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a4e863165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v7.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable,  global::System.IParsable<ReferenceVo>,  global::System.ISpanParsable<ReferenceVo>
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override bool HandleNull => true;            
+ #endif            
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v7.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v7.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d99fafc137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v7.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable,  global::System.IParsable<ReferenceVo>,  global::System.ISpanParsable<ReferenceVo>
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v8.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v8.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36815e3bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v8.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Can_disallow_nulls_for_reference_value_objects.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable,  global::System.IParsable<ReferenceVo>,  global::System.ISpanParsable<ReferenceVo>,  global::System.IUtf8SpanParsable<ReferenceVo>
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{byte}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Text, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(utf8Text, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{byte}, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Text, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(utf8Text, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{byte}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Text, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(utf8Text, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{byte}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Text, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(utf8Text, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{byte}, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Text, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(utf8Text, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override bool HandleNull => true;            
+ #endif            
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v8.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v8.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc1bc906e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/SnapshotTests/SystemTextJsonGeneration/snapshots/snap-v8.0/DeserializationStrictnessTests.Reference_value_objects_allow_nulls_by_default.verified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+[  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+namespace generator;
+
+public class VogenTypesFactory : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverterFactory
+{
+    public VogenTypesFactory() { }
+    private static readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> _lookup = 
+        new global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<global::System.Type, global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>> {
+                { typeof(Whatever.ReferenceVo), new global::System.Lazy<global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter>(() => new Whatever.ReferenceVo.ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter()) }
+        };
+    
+    public override bool CanConvert(global::System.Type typeToConvert) => _lookup.ContainsKey(typeToConvert);
+    
+    public override global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter CreateConverter(global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options) =>
+        _lookup[typeToConvert].Value;
+}
+  
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a source generator named Vogen (https://github.com/SteveDunn/Vogen)
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppress warnings about [Obsolete] member usage in generated code.
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+// Suppress warnings for 'Override methods on comparable types'.
+#pragma warning disable CA1036
+
+// Suppress Error MA0097 : A class that implements IComparable<T> or IComparable should override comparison operators
+#pragma warning disable MA0097
+
+// Suppress warning for 'The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations context. Auto-generated code requires an explicit '#nullable' directive in source.'
+// The generator copies signatures from the BCL, e.g. for `TryParse`, and some of those have nullable annotations.
+#pragma warning disable CS8669
+
+// Suppress warnings about CS1591: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member 'Type_or_Member'
+#pragma warning disable CS1591
+
+using Vogen;
+
+namespace Whatever
+{
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage] 
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Vogen", "1.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxyAttribute(typeof(ReferenceVoDebugView))]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute("Underlying type: System.Int32, Value = { _value }")]
+    public partial class ReferenceVo : global::System.IEquatable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IEquatable<System.Int32> ,  global::System.IComparable<ReferenceVo>, global::System.IComparable,  global::System.IParsable<ReferenceVo>,  global::System.ISpanParsable<ReferenceVo>,  global::System.IUtf8SpanParsable<ReferenceVo>
+    {
+#if DEBUG   
+        private readonly global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace _stackTrace = null;
+#endif
+        private readonly global::System.Boolean _isInitialized;
+        private readonly System.Int32 _value;
+        
+/// <summary>
+/// Gets the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" /> value if set, otherwise a <see cref="ValueObjectValidationException" /> is thrown.
+/// </summary>
+public System.Int32 Value
+        {
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+            get
+            {
+                EnsureInitialized();
+                return _value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
+        public ReferenceVo()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            _stackTrace = new global::System.Diagnostics.StackTrace();
+#endif
+            _isInitialized = false;
+            _value = default;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute]
+        private ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            _value = value;
+            _isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds an instance from the provided underlying type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+        /// <returns>An instance of this type.</returns>
+        public static ReferenceVo From(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            ReferenceVo instance = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying type.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, false will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The underlying type.</param>
+/// <param name="vo">An instance of the value object.</param>
+/// <returns>True if the value object can be built, otherwise false.</returns>
+public static bool TryFrom(System.Int32 value, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo vo)
+{
+    
+    
+
+    
+
+    vo = new ReferenceVo(value);
+
+    return true;
+}/// <summary>
+/// Tries to build an instance from the provided underlying value.
+/// If a normalization method is provided, it will be called.
+/// If validation is provided, and it fails, an error will be returned.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="value">The primitive value.</param>
+/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueObjectOrError{T}"/> containing either the value object, or an error.</returns>
+public static ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo> TryFrom(System.Int32 value)
+{
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    return new ValueObjectOrError<ReferenceVo>(new ReferenceVo(value));
+}
+
+        public bool IsInitialized() => _isInitialized;
+
+          
+
+        // only called internally when something has been deserialized into
+        // its primitive type.
+        private static ReferenceVo __Deserialize(System.Int32 value)
+        {
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+
+            return new ReferenceVo(value);
+        }
+        
+            public  global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other)
+            {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(null, other))
+              {
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              // It's possible to create uninitialized instances via converters such as EfCore (HasDefaultValue), which call Equals.
+              // We treat anything uninitialized as not equal to anything, even other uninitialized instances of this type.
+              if(!_isInitialized || !other._isInitialized) return false;
+
+              if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+              {
+                  return true;
+              }
+
+              return GetType() == other.GetType() && global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.Equals(Value, other.Value);
+            }
+             public global::System.Boolean Equals(ReferenceVo other, global::System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<ReferenceVo> comparer)
+             {
+                 return comparer.Equals(this, other);
+             }
+
+             
+            public global::System.Boolean Equals(System.Int32 primitive)
+            {
+              return Value.Equals(primitive);
+            }
+
+ public override global::System.Boolean Equals(global::System.Object obj)
+ {
+     return Equals(obj as ReferenceVo);
+ }
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => Equals(left.Value, right);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(ReferenceVo left, System.Int32 right) => !Equals(left.Value, right);
+
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator ==(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => Equals(left, right.Value);
+        public static global::System.Boolean operator !=(System.Int32 left, ReferenceVo right) => !Equals(left, right.Value);
+
+        public static explicit operator ReferenceVo(System.Int32 value) => From(value);
+        public static explicit operator System.Int32(ReferenceVo value) => value.Value;
+
+        public int CompareTo(ReferenceVo other) => Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+        public int CompareTo(object other) {
+            if(other is null) return 1;
+            if(other is ReferenceVo x) return CompareTo(x);
+            throw new global::System.ArgumentException("Cannot compare to object as it is not of type ReferenceVo", nameof(other));
+        }
+
+        
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{byte}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Text, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(utf8Text, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{byte}, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Text, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(utf8Text, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{byte}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Text, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(utf8Text, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, style, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, System.IFormatProvider?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, provider, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.TryParse(string?, out int)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// True if the value could a) be parsed by the underlying type, and b) passes any validation (after running any optional normalization).
+    /// </returns>
+    public static global::System.Boolean TryParse(string s, 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNullWhen(true)]
+#endif
+ out ReferenceVo result) {
+        if(System.Int32.TryParse(s, out var __v)) {
+            
+            
+            result = new ReferenceVo(__v);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        result = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{byte}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Text, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(utf8Text, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{byte}, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Text, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(utf8Text, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(System.ReadOnlySpan{char}, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(global::System.ReadOnlySpan<char> s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.Globalization.NumberStyles, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles style, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, style, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="int.Parse(string, System.IFormatProvider?)"/>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// The value created via the <see cref="From"/> method.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ValueObjectValidationException">Thrown when the value can be parsed, but is not valid.</exception>
+    public static ReferenceVo Parse(string s, global::System.IFormatProvider provider) {
+        var r = System.Int32.Parse(s, provider);
+        return From(r);
+    }
+
+
+
+          public override global::System.Int32 GetHashCode()
+          {
+            unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
+            {
+                global::System.Int32 hash = (global::System.Int32) 2166136261;
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ GetType().GetHashCode();
+                hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ global::System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<System.Int32>.Default.GetHashCode(Value);
+                return hash;
+            }
+          }
+
+        private void EnsureInitialized()
+        {
+            if (!_isInitialized)
+            {
+#if DEBUG
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object at: " + _stackTrace ?? "";
+#else
+                global::System.String message = "Use of uninitialized Value Object.";
+#endif
+
+                throw new global::Vogen.ValueObjectValidationException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        
+
+        /// <summary>Returns the string representation of the underlying <see cref="System.Int32" />.</summary>
+    public override global::System.String ToString() =>_isInitialized ? Value.ToString() : "[UNINITIALIZED]";
+
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a ReferenceVo to or from JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter : global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<ReferenceVo>
+        {
+            public override ReferenceVo Read(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, (global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata.JsonTypeInfo<global::System.Int32>)options.GetTypeInfo(typeof(global::System.Int32))));
+#else
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(reader.GetInt32());
+#endif
+            }
+
+            public override void Write(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+ #if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+                global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+ #else
+                writer.WriteNumberValue(value.Value);
+ #endif
+            }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER            
+            public override ReferenceVo ReadAsPropertyName(ref global::System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonReader reader, global::System.Type typeToConvert, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                return ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(global::System.Int32.Parse(reader.GetString(), global::System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+
+            public override void WriteAsPropertyName(System.Text.Json.Utf8JsonWriter writer, ReferenceVo value, global::System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            {
+                writer.WritePropertyName(value.Value.ToString(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        class ReferenceVoTypeConverter : global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+        {
+            public override global::System.Boolean CanConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override global::System.Object ConvertFrom(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value)
+            {
+                return value switch
+                {
+                    global::System.Int32 intValue => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(intValue),
+                    global::System.String stringValue when !global::System.String.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue) && global::System.Int32.TryParse(stringValue, out var result) => ReferenceVo.__Deserialize(result),
+                    _ => base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value),
+                };
+            }
+
+            public override bool CanConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Type sourceType)
+            {
+                return sourceType == typeof(global::System.Int32) || sourceType == typeof(global::System.String) || base.CanConvertTo(context, sourceType);
+            }
+
+            public override object ConvertTo(global::System.ComponentModel.ITypeDescriptorContext context, global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, global::System.Object value, global::System.Type destinationType)
+            {
+                if (value is ReferenceVo idValue)
+                {
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.Int32))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationType == typeof(global::System.String))
+                    {
+                        return idValue.Value.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        internal sealed class ReferenceVoDebugView
+        {
+            private readonly ReferenceVo _t;
+
+            ReferenceVoDebugView(ReferenceVo t)
+            {
+                _t = t;
+            }
+
+            public global::System.String UnderlyingType => "System.Int32";
+            public System.Int32 Value => _t.Value ;
+
+            public global::System.String Conversions => @"[global::System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoSystemTextJsonConverter))]
+[global::System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter(typeof(ReferenceVoTypeConverter))]
+";
+                }
+    }
+
+}
+]
\ No newline at end of file