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ʼPhags-pa Script / 八思巴字

No. ʼPhags-pa 照那斯图 Coblin IPA 书史会要 字韵 No. 蒙古字韵
1 ꡀ k k k 葛 3 群
2 ꡁ kʻ kh kʰ 渴 2 溪
3 ꡂ g g ɡ 𠱥 1 見
4 ꡃ ŋ ng ŋ 誐 4 疑
5 ꡄ tš (č) c tʂ 者 11 澄, 床
6 ꡅ tšʻ (čʻ) ch tʂʰ 車 10 徹, 穿
7 ꡆ dž (ǰ) j dʐ 遮 9 知, 照
8 ꡇ ň ñ ɲ 倪 12 娘
9 ꡈ t t t 怛 7 定
10 ꡉ tʻ th tʰ 撻 6 透
11 ꡊ d d d 達 5 端
12 ꡋ n n n 那 8 泥
13 ꡌ p p p 鉢 15 並
14 ꡍ pʻ ph pʰ 癹 14 滂
15 ꡎ b b b 末 13 幫
16 ꡏ m m m 麻 16 明
17 ꡐ ts ts ts 拶 22 從
18 ꡑ tsʻ tsh tsʰ 攃 21 清
19 ꡒ dz dz dz 惹 20 精
20 ꡓ w w ʋ, w 嚩 19 微
21 ꡔ ž Zh ɻ 若 35 日
22 ꡕ z z z 薩 24 邪
23 ꡖ ꞏ ' ʔ 阿 30 影
24 ꡗ j̊ (y) Y ʔj 耶 31 影 (幺)
25 ꡘ r r 囉
26 ꡙ l l l 羅 34 來
27 ꡚ š₁ (š) zh ʐ 設 26 禪
28 ꡛ s s s 沙 23 心
29 ꡜ h h, ʰ h 訶 27 曉
30 ꡝ ʼ x ∅ 啞 32 喻 (鱼)
31 ꡞ i i i 伊 36 (喻)
32 ꡟ u u u 鄔 37 (喻)
33 ꡠ e e ɛ 翳 38 (喻)
34 ꡡ o o ɔ 汚 39 (喻)
35 ꡢ ɢ q 遐軽呼
36 ꡣ ɣ X ɣ 霞 28 匣 (合)
37 ꡤ hu̯ Hw f 法 17 非, 奉
38 ꡥ 惡
39 ꡦ ė (◌̈) ÿ je 也 40 (喻)
40 ꡧ u̯ w w 咼 41 (喻)
41 ꡨ i̯ y j 耶軽呼 42 (喻)
42 ꡩ ṯ ʈ
43 ꡪ ṯʻ ʈʰ
44 ꡫ ḏ ɖ
45 ꡬ ṉ ɳ
46 ꡭ j y j 33 喻
47 ꡮ š₂ sh ʂ 25 審
48 ꡯ ħ H ɣj 29 匣
49 ꡰ ħu̯ hw fʰ 18 敷
50 ꡱ r
51 ꡲ r

Field Description

  • No.: Index of ʼPhags-pa letters encoded in Unicode[1].

  • ʼPhags-pa: ʼPhags-pa letters.

  • Junast: Transcription by Junast (照那斯图)[2–3]. Characters in brackets are used when transcribing Mongolian.

  • Coblin: Transcription by W. South Coblin[4].

  • IPA: Reconstruction compiled by unt. Retroflex sibilants are retroflex when spelling Chinese, and are alveolo-palatal or postalveolar when spelling Mongolian.

  • 书史会要: Name of letters in Shūshǐ Huìyào (書史會要) (Vol. 7: p. 22a). The order is the same as the order (of first 41 letters) in Unicode.

  • 字韵 No.: Index of letters as in Měnggǔ Zìyùn (蒙古字韵) (Vol. I: p. 7).

  • 蒙古字韵: Name of letters in Měnggǔ Zìyùn. Names 幺, 鱼, and 合 are from Gǔjīn Yùnhuì Jǔyào* (古今韵会举要) instead of Měnggǔ Zìyùn.

Notes on Characters

Use Instead of
ʻ U+02BB (Modifier Letter Turned Comma) ‘ U+2018 (Left Single Quotation Mark)
ʼ U+02BC(Modifier Letter Apostrophe) ’ U+2019 (Right Single Quotation Mark)
ꞏ U+A78F (Latin Letter Sinological Dot) · U+00B7 (Middle Dot)

References

  1. Phags-pa. Unicode 12.1 Character Code Charts. 2019.
  2. 照那斯图, 杨耐思. 蒙古字韵字母正体及转写表. 蒙古字韵校本. 北京: 民族出版社, 1987: 7–8.
  3. 宋洪民. 元代蒙、汉语言接触在喉音声母和复元音韵母上的表现——论蒙语音系对《蒙古字韵》标音体系的影响. 中国语文, 2017, (2): 195–208.
  4. W. South Coblin. Analysis and Interpretation of the 'Phags-pa Alphabet. A Handbook of 'Phags-Pa Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2007: 32–68.
  5. Phags-pa Script. BabelStone. 2006.
  6. 八思巴字. 古今文字集成.
  7. 照那斯图. 八思巴字蒙古语文献的语音系统. 民族语文, 2007, (2): 44–51.
  8. Turrell Wylie. A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 1959, 22: 261–267.