objects.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Define Variables \"Objects\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, World\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hello = 'Hello, World' # string\n",
    "print(hello)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "n = 9 # integer\n",
    "f = 9.12# float"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4] #list\n",
    "mytuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4) #tuple\n",
    "mydict = {\n",
    "    \"name\":[\"Hassan\", \"Hanan\", \"Marwa\", \"Maged\", \"Amgad\"],\n",
    "    \"age\":21,\n",
    "    \"year\":\"final\"\n",
    "}#dictionary\n",
    "myset = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4}#set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4]\n",
      "(1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4)\n",
      "{'name': ['Hassan', 'Hanan', 'Marwa', 'Maged', 'Amgad'], 'age': 21, 'year': 'final'}\n",
      "{1, 2, 3, 4}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(f\"{mylist}\\n{mytuple}\\n{mydict}\\n{myset}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Objects have (name, value, id, type)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "n: 50\n",
      "id: 94486930995488\n",
      "type: <class 'int'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = 50\n",
    "print(f\"n: {num}\\nid: {id(num)}\\ntype: {type(num)}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## One line Declaration"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "var1, var2, var3 = 3, 4, 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "var2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "var_nums = var1, var2, var3 # vars_nums = tuple of vars "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(3, 4, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "var_nums"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(5, 5, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "var1 = var2 = var3 = 5 # all have same values\n",
    "var1, var2, var3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## References"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "> **Immutable object reference**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "94486930993920"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 1\n",
    "id(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "94486930993952"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a += 1\n",
    "id(a) # if the value of an object changed the reference will change too"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    ">**In place reference**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l1 = [2, 3, 4]  # A mutable object\n",
    "l2 = l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l2[0] = 90000000 #change the value of the first index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[90000000, 3, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l1) == id(l2) # same reference"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1 is l2 # same object"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- **is**: it compares between (dtype, value)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "> **Create New Object**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from copy import deepcopy\n",
    "\n",
    "new_list = deepcopy(l1) # copy an object with new reference"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "my new list: [90000000, 3, 4]\n",
      "my old list: [90000000, 3, 4]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"my new list:\", new_list)\n",
    "print(\"my old list:\", l1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1 is new_list # not the same object"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l1) == id(new_list) # not the same reference"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Variable Scope"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#level 0\n",
    "def outer_name(new_name):\n",
    "    name = \"outer \" + new_name\n",
    "\n",
    "    def inner_name():\n",
    "        name = \"inner \" + new_name\n",
    "    inner_name()\n",
    "\n",
    "    return name\n",
    "\n",
    "def _outer_name(new_name):#level 1\n",
    "    name = \"outer \" + new_name\n",
    "\n",
    "    def _inner_name():#level 2\n",
    "        nonlocal name #to see the object in the previous level\n",
    "        name = \"inner \" + new_name\n",
    "    _inner_name()\n",
    "\n",
    "    return name"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Amgad\n",
      "outer Amgad\n",
      "inner Amgad\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n",
    "    name = input()\n",
    "    print(outer_name(name))\n",
    "    print(_outer_name(name))\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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