diff --git a/about/cover.png b/about/cover.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..733f528 Binary files /dev/null and b/about/cover.png differ diff --git a/about/index.html b/about/index.html index c5a87dc..b7e2069 100644 --- a/about/index.html +++ b/about/index.html @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -About - Anwar's Blog
 
Posts Categories About +About - Anwar's Blog
 
Posts Categories About
 

About

Bonjour! Saya Anwar seorang biasa pegiat GNU/Linux, serta jaringan komputer. Gemar belajar konfigurasi infrastruktur yang berkaitan dengan sistem komputasi, mendengarkan musik, dan membaca.

Seringkali hal yang jarang dilakukan akan mudah terlupakan, maka dibangunlah website ini untuk membantu merawat ingatan, bukan berbagi. Jika ternyata mampu membantu orang lain, itu cuma bonus saat belajar.

Perhatian

Situs web yang sedang terbuka ini hanyalah catatan pribadi yang berusaha ditulis sedemikian rupa supaya terlihat lebih teknis. Perlu diketahui, bahwa penulis tidak berharap setiap orang dapat memahaminya.

Penulis sepenuhnya tidak bertanggung jawab atas segala kerugian atau kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh setiap konten dalam situs ini. Pembaca hendaknya lebih waspada dalam mempraktikan hal-hal dari internet.

Segala konten yang tersedia pada situs web ini akan sepenuhnya gratis dan bebas untuk dibaca, disalin, serta disebarluaskan, hingga dapat dikembangkan pada media lain. Setiap artikel memiliki source code yang dapat diakses dari repository. Jika memiliki pertanyaan, atau urusan lain silahkan hubungi penulis melalui beberapa kontak berikut ini :

Contact

\ No newline at end of file +

About

Bonjour! Saya Anwar seorang biasa pegiat GNU/Linux, serta jaringan komputer. Gemar belajar konfigurasi infrastruktur yang berkaitan dengan sistem komputasi, mendengarkan musik, dan membaca.

Seringkali hal yang jarang dilakukan akan mudah terlupakan, maka dibangunlah website ini untuk membantu merawat ingatan, bukan berbagi. Jika ternyata mampu membantu orang lain, itu cuma bonus saat belajar.

Perhatian

Situs web yang sedang terbuka ini hanyalah catatan pribadi yang berusaha ditulis sedemikian rupa supaya terlihat lebih teknis. Perlu diketahui, bahwa penulis tidak berharap setiap orang dapat memahaminya.

Penulis sepenuhnya tidak bertanggung jawab atas segala kerugian atau kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh setiap konten dalam situs ini. Pembaca hendaknya lebih waspada dalam mempraktikan hal-hal dari internet.

Segala konten yang tersedia pada situs web ini akan sepenuhnya gratis dan bebas untuk dibaca, disalin, serta disebarluaskan, hingga dapat dikembangkan pada media lain. Setiap artikel memiliki source code yang dapat diakses dari repository. Jika memiliki pertanyaan, atau urusan lain silahkan hubungi penulis melalui beberapa kontak berikut ini :

Contact

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/beralih-ke-runit/index.html b/beralih-ke-runit/index.html index 53cd4a4..14f5577 100644 --- a/beralih-ke-runit/index.html +++ b/beralih-ke-runit/index.html @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -Beralih ke Runit - Anwar's Blog
 
Posts Categories About +Beralih ke Runit - Anwar's Blog
 
Posts Categories About
 

Contents

Beralih ke Runit

anwareset included in GNU/Linux
   1891 words  - 9 minutes 
/beralih-ke-runit/cover.jpg
Contents +

Contents

Beralih ke Runit

anwareset included in GNU/Linux
   1918 words  + 10 minutes 
/beralih-ke-runit/cover.jpg

Runit merupakan sebuah UNIX init scheme dengan service supervision. Pada dasarnya hal ini berarti Runit mampu menyediakan automatic starting sebuah services ketika sistem operasi dijalankan untuk pertamakali, serta automatic monitoring and restarting sebuah service jika terjadi sebuah interupsi.

Systemd vs Runit

Ketika artikel ini diterbitkan, systemd nyaris menguasai semua distro sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Misalnya Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, dan banyak lagi lainnya sudah beralih dari init system sebelumnya lalu menggunakan systemd. Hal ini terjadi karena systemd menawarkan banyak hal yang terintegrasi, hampir segala hal pada sistem operasi akan di-handle olehnya.

/beralih-ke-runit/systemd-and-linux.png
Systemd and GNU/Linux

Kontroversi systemd

systemd memang menjadi kontroversi karena beberapa hal. Sebagian orang menganggap bahwa systemd tidak menghormati filosofi Unix. Saya ingat ketika awal sekali mengenal GNU/Linux, bahwa GNU/Linux adalah sistem operasi yang Unix-like dan Unix memiliki filosofi sebagai berikut :

  • Tugas sebuah program adalah melakukan satu hal, dan melakukannya dengan baik.
  • Sistem yang besar dan kompleks merupakan gabungan dari program-program kecil yang bekerja sama.
  • Teks adalah antarmuka yang universal.
  • Segala hal di Unix adalah file.

systemd dianggap tidak conform dengan filosofi Unix diatas sehingga banyak yang menolaknya. systemd awalnya dikembangkan oleh Lennart Pottering, seorang developer yang saat artikel ini diterbitkan tengah bekerja untuk Red Hat. Dia sebelumnya juga membuat sebuah program yang tak kalah kontroversial yaitu Avahi dan PulseAudio. Silahkan baca tentang Lennart Pottering di Wikipedia.

Beberapa kritik lain terhadap systemd misalnya karena systemd tidak hanya menjadi init system tapi juga mengambil ali banyak fungsi. Misalnya systemd berusaha mengatur network, cron, fstab, syslog atau rsyslog, ntp, dan banyak lainnya. Artinya systemd bukanlah sebuah program yang melakukan satu hal saja, tapi banyak hal. Kemudian, systemd dikritik karena logging file-nya tidak berbasis teks seperti Unix dan GNU/Linux pada umumnya, melainkan binary log file.

Runit Sebagai Alternatif

Berbagai penolakan tentu saja terjadi, tidak sedikit developer yang kemudian melakukan fork lalu mengembangkan distro GNU/Linux yang bebas dari systemd. Misalnya Artix Linux, yang merupakan fork dari project Arch Linux dengan maksud membebaskan pengguna Arch dari cengkeraman systemd. Artix menawarkan beberapa alternatif sebagai pengganti systemd, misalnya OpenRC, S6, dan tentu saja Runit.

 1
  2
  3
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
     └── status

Pada distro Artix, biasanya direktori sebuah service akan terlihat seperti di atas. Anggaplah /etc/runit/sv adalah templatedir, dan /etc/runit/sv/foo adalah direktori konfigurasi service. Maka kelak service yang berjalan akan bernama sebagai foo juga. Dalam direktori foo biasanya kita hanya diwajibkan untuk membuat sebuah file executable bernama run, berisikan baris perintah untuk mengeksekusi program yang akan dijadikan sebagai sebuah service. Namun jika kita membutuhkan logging, kita dapat memanfaatkan svlogd dengan membuat sebuah direktori bernama log di dalam /etc/runit/sv/foo, kemudian buat lagi sebuah file bernama run di dalam direktori log tersebut. Isi dari file-file run tersebut akan kita bahas dibawah.

Beralih ke Runit

Dalam dokumentasi ini kita akan belajar tentang :

  1. Membuat sebuah runit template untuk untuk konfigurasi monitored service.
  2. Konfigurasi monitored service untuk pertamakali.
  3. Mengelola monitored service secara manual.

/beralih-ke-runit/runit-sv.png
runit sv

0. Prerequisites

Pastikan paket dari runit sudo terpasang pada sistem. Sebagian besar distro GNU/Linux biasanya memiliki paket tersebut pada repository mereka. Misalnya, jika kita menggunakan sebuah distro Arch-based maka kita dapat memasang paket dengan perintah berikut.

1
 
$ sudo pacman -Sy runit
-

Periksa apakah runit telah terpasang pada sistem, dengan mencari sebuah process bernama runsvdir dengan perintah.

1
+
Perhatian
Pada distro Artix biasanya kita tidak perlu melakukan pemasangan paket Runit. Kita diperkenankan memilih init system apa yang akan digunakan pada waktu mengunduh berkas ISO installer.

Periksa apakah runit telah terpasang pada sistem, dengan mencari sebuah process bernama runsvdir dengan perintah.

1
 
$ sudo ps -ef | grep runsvdir

Jika runit telah terpasang, harusnya akan keluar output seperti berikut.

1
 
root      1090     1  0 Dec15 ?        00:00:00 runsvdir -P /run/runit/service log:..............
diff --git a/beralih-ke-runit/index.md b/beralih-ke-runit/index.md
index c4b053b..0d04979 100644
--- a/beralih-ke-runit/index.md
+++ b/beralih-ke-runit/index.md
@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@ Pastikan paket dari `runit` sudo terpasang pada sistem. Sebagian besar distro GN
 $ sudo pacman -Sy runit
 ```
 
+{{< admonition danger "Perhatian" >}}
+Pada distro [**Artix**](https://artixlinux.org) biasanya kita tidak perlu melakukan pemasangan paket _Runit_. Kita diperkenankan memilih _init system_ apa yang akan digunakan pada waktu mengunduh berkas ISO installer.
+{{< /admonition >}}
+
 Periksa apakah _runit_ telah terpasang pada sistem, dengan mencari sebuah _process_ bernama `runsvdir` dengan perintah.
 ```bash
 $ sudo ps -ef | grep runsvdir
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index e6d74d4..ea3f571 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 Anwar's Blog
 
Posts Categories About 
 
 
https://github.com/anwareset.png
Anwar's Blog
Personal Technical Notes
/beralih-ke-runit/cover.jpg
Beralih ke Runit
anwareset published on  included in GNU/Linux
Runit merupakan sebuah UNIX init scheme dengan service supervision. Pada dasarnya hal ini berarti Runit mampu menyediakan automatic starting sebuah services ketika sistem operasi dijalankan untuk pertamakali, serta automatic monitoring and restarting sebuah service jika terjadi sebuah interupsi.
Read More
 Environment, Documentation
/membahas-linux-ricing/cover.jpg
Membahas Linux Ricing
anwareset published on  included in GNU/Linux
Istilah rice/ricing pasti tidak asing lagi bagi orang yang suka mengkustomisasi desktop sistem operasi Unix-like, khususnya pada GNU/Linux yang aktivitasnya biasa disebut “Ricing / Linux Rice”. Mereka gemar berdiskusi di komunitas reddit dan grup Linuxer Desktop Art di Facebook, serta grup Dotfiles Indonesia di Telegram untuk sharing atau hanya sekedar melihat-lihat indahnya sistem operasi unix-like.
Read More
 Customization, Tweaks, Environment

\ No newline at end of file
+
https://github.com/anwareset.png
Anwar's Blog
Personal Technical Notes
/beralih-ke-runit/cover.jpg
Beralih ke Runit
anwareset published on  included in GNU/Linux
Runit merupakan sebuah UNIX init scheme dengan service supervision. Pada dasarnya hal ini berarti Runit mampu menyediakan automatic starting sebuah services ketika sistem operasi dijalankan untuk pertamakali, serta automatic monitoring and restarting sebuah service jika terjadi sebuah interupsi.
Read More
 Environment, Documentation
/membahas-linux-ricing/cover.jpg
Membahas Linux Ricing
anwareset published on  included in GNU/Linux
Istilah rice/ricing pasti tidak asing lagi bagi orang yang suka mengkustomisasi desktop sistem operasi Unix-like, khususnya pada GNU/Linux yang aktivitasnya biasa disebut “Ricing / Linux Rice”. Mereka gemar berdiskusi di komunitas reddit dan grup Linuxer Desktop Art di Facebook, serta grup Dotfiles Indonesia di Telegram untuk sharing atau hanya sekedar melihat-lihat indahnya sistem operasi unix-like.
Read More
 Customization, Tweaks, Environment

\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/index.json b/index.json
index 8739937..3ac6b40 100644
--- a/index.json
+++ b/index.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"categories":null,"content":"Bonjour! Saya Anwar seorang biasa pegiat GNU/Linux, serta jaringan komputer. Gemar belajar konfigurasi infrastruktur yang berkaitan dengan sistem komputasi, mendengarkan musik, dan membaca. Seringkali hal yang jarang dilakukan akan mudah terlupakan, maka dibangunlah website ini untuk membantu merawat ingatan, bukan berbagi. Jika ternyata mampu membantu orang lain, itu cuma bonus saat belajar. Perhatian Situs web yang sedang terbuka ini hanyalah catatan pribadi yang berusaha ditulis sedemikian rupa supaya terlihat lebih teknis. Perlu diketahui, bahwa penulis tidak berharap setiap orang dapat memahaminya. Penulis sepenuhnya tidak bertanggung jawab atas segala kerugian atau kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh setiap konten dalam situs ini. Pembaca hendaknya lebih waspada dalam mempraktikan hal-hal dari internet. Segala konten yang tersedia pada situs web ini akan sepenuhnya gratis dan bebas untuk dibaca, disalin, serta disebarluaskan, hingga dapat dikembangkan pada media lain. Setiap artikel memiliki source code yang dapat diakses dari repository. Jika memiliki pertanyaan, atau urusan lain silahkan hubungi penulis melalui beberapa kontak berikut ini : Contact  Telegram  Twitter  Facebook  Email ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/about/:0:0","tags":null,"title":"About","uri":"/about/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Beralih menggunakan runit - sebuah UNIX init scheme dengan service supervision","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Runit merupakan sebuah UNIX init scheme dengan service supervision. Pada dasarnya hal ini berarti Runit mampu menyediakan automatic starting sebuah services ketika sistem operasi dijalankan untuk pertamakali, serta automatic monitoring and restarting sebuah service jika terjadi sebuah interupsi. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:0:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Systemd vs Runit Ketika artikel ini diterbitkan, systemd nyaris menguasai semua distro sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Misalnya Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, dan banyak lagi lainnya sudah beralih dari init system sebelumnya lalu menggunakan systemd. Hal ini terjadi karena systemd menawarkan banyak hal yang terintegrasi, hampir segala hal pada sistem operasi akan di-handle olehnya. Systemd and GNU/LinuxSystemd and GNU/Linux \" Systemd and GNU/Linux ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:1:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Kontroversi systemd systemd memang menjadi kontroversi karena beberapa hal. Sebagian orang menganggap bahwa systemd tidak menghormati filosofi Unix. Saya ingat ketika awal sekali mengenal GNU/Linux, bahwa GNU/Linux adalah sistem operasi yang Unix-like dan Unix memiliki filosofi sebagai berikut : Tugas sebuah program adalah melakukan satu hal, dan melakukannya dengan baik. Sistem yang besar dan kompleks merupakan gabungan dari program-program kecil yang bekerja sama. Teks adalah antarmuka yang universal. Segala hal di Unix adalah file. systemd dianggap tidak conform dengan filosofi Unix diatas sehingga banyak yang menolaknya. systemd awalnya dikembangkan oleh Lennart Pottering, seorang developer yang saat artikel ini diterbitkan tengah bekerja untuk Red Hat. Dia sebelumnya juga membuat sebuah program yang tak kalah kontroversial yaitu Avahi dan PulseAudio. Silahkan baca tentang Lennart Pottering di Wikipedia. Beberapa kritik lain terhadap systemd misalnya karena systemd tidak hanya menjadi init system tapi juga mengambil ali banyak fungsi. Misalnya systemd berusaha mengatur network, cron, fstab, syslog atau rsyslog, ntp, dan banyak lainnya. Artinya systemd bukanlah sebuah program yang melakukan satu hal saja, tapi banyak hal. Kemudian, systemd dikritik karena logging file-nya tidak berbasis teks seperti Unix dan GNU/Linux pada umumnya, melainkan binary log file. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:1:1","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Runit Sebagai Alternatif Berbagai penolakan tentu saja terjadi, tidak sedikit developer yang kemudian melakukan fork lalu mengembangkan distro GNU/Linux yang bebas dari systemd. Misalnya Artix Linux, yang merupakan fork dari project Arch Linux dengan maksud membebaskan pengguna Arch dari cengkeraman systemd. Artix menawarkan beberapa alternatif sebagai pengganti systemd, misalnya OpenRC, S6, dan tentu saja Runit. /etc/runit/sv/foo ├── log │ ├── run │ └── supervise │ ├── control │ ├── lock │ ├── ok │ ├── pid │ ├── stat │ └── status ├── run └── supervise ├── control ├── lock ├── ok ├── pid ├── stat └── status Pada distro Artix, biasanya direktori sebuah service akan terlihat seperti di atas. Anggaplah /etc/runit/sv adalah templatedir, dan /etc/runit/sv/foo adalah direktori konfigurasi service. Maka kelak service yang berjalan akan bernama sebagai foo juga. Dalam direktori foo biasanya kita hanya diwajibkan untuk membuat sebuah file executable bernama run, berisikan baris perintah untuk mengeksekusi program yang akan dijadikan sebagai sebuah service. Namun jika kita membutuhkan logging, kita dapat memanfaatkan svlogd dengan membuat sebuah direktori bernama log di dalam /etc/runit/sv/foo, kemudian buat lagi sebuah file bernama run di dalam direktori log tersebut. Isi dari file-file run tersebut akan kita bahas dibawah. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:1:2","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Beralih ke Runit Dalam dokumentasi ini kita akan belajar tentang : Membuat sebuah runit template untuk untuk konfigurasi monitored service. Konfigurasi monitored service untuk pertamakali. Mengelola monitored service secara manual. runit svrunit sv \" runit sv ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"0. Prerequisites Pastikan paket dari runit sudo terpasang pada sistem. Sebagian besar distro GNU/Linux biasanya memiliki paket tersebut pada repository mereka. Misalnya, jika kita menggunakan sebuah distro Arch-based maka kita dapat memasang paket dengan perintah berikut. $ sudo pacman -Sy runit Periksa apakah runit telah terpasang pada sistem, dengan mencari sebuah process bernama runsvdir dengan perintah. $ sudo ps -ef | grep runsvdir Jika runit telah terpasang, harusnya akan keluar output seperti berikut. root 1090 1 0 Dec15 ? 00:00:00 runsvdir -P /run/runit/service log:.............. Di sini runsvdir merupakan hal paling pertama dari beberapa lainnya yang akan kita pahami. runit memang diarancang untuk mengambil pendekatan yang terasa sangat Unixy, yaitu dengan cara memecah fungsionalitas utama menjadi beberapa utilities kecil yang masing-masing unitnya bertanggung jawab menjalankan sebuah tugas. Pendekatan tersebut membuat komponen-komponen kecilnya mampu dibentuk dengan beberapa metode sesuai dengan yang kita butuhkan. Core unit yang terdapat pada runit beberapa diantaranya adalah runsvdir, runsv, chpst, svlogd, dan sv. Nantinya, dalam dokumentasi ini kita akan mengkombinasikan beberapa hal diatas untuk kofigurasi runit dan menjalankan sebuah managed service. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:1","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"1. Membuat sebuah Template Hal pertama yang perlu kita lakukan adalah memperhatikan lebih dalam apa yang sebenarnya terjadi pada output runsvdir -P /run/runit/service log:...... Pada dasarnya, dalam output tersebut terdapat sebuah perintah yang mengawasi direktori /run/runit/service, karena di dalamnya terdapat file konfigurasi dari monitored service. Sebuah monitored service dikonfigurasi dengan menambahkan sebuah subdirektori ke dalam /run/runit/service berisikan sebuah berkas script run di dalamnya. Ketika runsvdir menemukan sebuah konfigurasi baru, maka ia akan menjalankan process runsvbaru untuk mengelola service. Ingat, bahwa salah satu Filosofi Unix berbunyi tugas sebuah program adalah melakukan satu hal, dan melakukannya dengan baik. Pastikan bahwa direktori /etc/runit/sv/ ada. Di dalamnya kita akan membuat direktori baru bernama foo. $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/runit/sv/foo Lalu di dalam direktori tersebut kita buat sebuah file template bernama run untuk ilustrasi. #!/bin/sh exec 2\u003e\u00261 exec chpst -u foo /opt/example/foo-service.sh Jangan lupa file run harus menjadi executable dengan cara berikut. $ sudo chmod +x /etc/runit/sv/foo/run Script run di atas akan mengeksekusi script foo-service.sh yang nantinya akan kita buat di dalam direktori /opt/example. Terdapat juga chpst yang berfungsi agar nantinya eksekusi akan dijalankan oleh user bernama foo, kita akan buat juga usernya nanti. Runit menawarkan svlogd untuk mengelola logfile dari sebuah service, kita akan mencoba membuatnya juga. Mari buat direktori baru bernama log. $ sudo mkdir /etc/runit/sv/foo/log Di dalam direktori tersebut, kita akan membuat file baru lagi bernama run berisikan script berikut. #!/bin/sh exec chpst -u foo svlogd -tt /var/log/foo Pada script diatas svlogd akan menghasilkan output dari template yang sebelumnya kita buat. Output yang muncul akan ditampung pada direktori /var/log/foo yang kita buat nanti. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:2","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"2. Menyiapkan Logging Directory Buat sebuah direktori untuk menampung log dari service. $ sudo mkdir -p /var/log/foo Lalu kita membutuhkan user baru bernama foo sebagai ilustrasi. $ sudo useradd foo Direktori log seharusnya menjadi milik user foo supaya user tersebut mampu menulis di dalamnya, sehingga kita perlu merubah kepemilikannya dengan perintah berikut. $ sudo chown foo:foo /var/log/foo ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:3","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"3. Membuat Program Ilustrasi Buat sebuah direktori baru untuk meletakkan file program ilustrasi. $ sudo mkdir -p /opt/example Dari sini kita akan melanjutkan dengan membuat program sebagai ilustrasi bernama foo-service.sh yang terletak pada direktori /opt/example. #!/bin/bash echo \"Menjalankan service...\" for i in {1..30} do echo \"Melakukan sesuatu...\" sleep 1 done echo \"Oh tidak, program crash!\" \u003e\u00262 exit 1 Jangan lupa untuk menjadikan file tersebut executable seperti berikut. $ sudo chmod +x /opt/example/foo-script.sh Kemudian jadikan direktori serta file di dalamnya menjadi milik user foo. $ sudo chown -R foo:foo /opt/example Program foo-script.sh akan mensimulasikan sebuah process yang dieksekusi menggunakan runit sesuai dengan template yang sebelumnya telah kita buat. foo-script.sh akan crash setiap 30 detik, dan setiap output nya akan dicatat ke dalam log. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:4","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"4. Mengelola Service Kita tiba pada tahap menggunakan sv untuk pengelolaan service dari ilustrasi yang telah kita buat sebelumnya. Untuk menjalankan service kita perlu melakukan symlink direktori template ke dalam direktori runsvdir. Enable service $ sudo ln -s /etc/runit/sv/foo /run/runit/service Ketika melakukan perintah ln -s diatas, direktori template dari service tersebut (/etc/runit/sv/foo) akan dijadikan sebagai titik link yang ditambahkan ke dalam direktori runsvdir pada /run/runit/service. Lalu runsvdir terus melakukan pengawasan pada service yang baru saja kita tambahkan. Sehingga pada saat process terinterupsi (misalnya oleh reboot atau kill) maka service tersebut akan kembali dinyalakan secara otomatis. Itulah yang dimaksud dengan supervision di dalam sebuah sistem init. Memeriksa status service Kemudian lakukan pemeriksaan, apakah service berhasil dijalankan. $ sudo sv status /run/runit/service/foo Jika berhasil, seharusnya akan keluar output seperti berikut. run: foo: (pid 16998) 3s; run: log: (pid 16997) 3s Menghentikan service Coba hentikan service dengan perintah berikut. $ sudo sv down /run/runit/service/foo Jika berhasil dihentikan, maka akan keluar output seperti berikut. ok: down: example: 1s, normally up Menyalakan service Nyalakan lagi kemudian periksa lagi statusnya dengan perintah seperti berikut ini. $ sudo sv up /run/runit/service/foo $ sudo sv status /run/runit/service/foo Jika berhasil berjalan, maka akan muncul output sebagai berikut. run: foo: (pid 18146) 16s; run: log: (pid 16997) 250s Melihat logfile Sekarang kita akan coba melihat apakah logging berhasil dilakukan. $ sudo tail -f /var/log/foo/current svlogd akan membuat sebuah file baru bernama current dalam direktori log yang sudah kita siapkan. Nantinya file tersebut akan menampung tiap output dari service yang sedang berjalan. Apabila berhasil, seharusnya akan muncul output seperti berikut. 2020-12-16_17:38:43.31313 Melakukan sesuatu... 2020-12-16_17:38:44.31422 Melakukan sesuatu... 2020-12-16_17:38:45.31513 Melakukan sesuatu... 2020-12-16_17:39:13.34046 Oh tidak, program crash! 2020-12-16_17:39:13.34372 Menjalankan service... 2020-12-16_17:39:13.34375 Melakukan sesuatu... 2020-12-16_17:39:14.34453 Melakukan sesuatu... 2020-12-16_17:39:15.34541 Melakukan sesuatu... Terlihat seperti diatas, bahwa program foo-script.sh berhasil dijalankan, berhenti setiap 30 detik, kemudian runit akan berusaha menyalakannya lagi. Tidak terbatas seperti tail -f saja, namun svlogd mampu melakukan log rotation otomatis layaknya logrotate, bahkan svlogd mampu melakukannya tanpa perlu mematikan service terlebih dahulu. Disable service Untuk menghilangkan sebuah service dari runsvdir kita perlu menghapus symlink yang sebelumnya kita buat. $ sudo unlink /run/runit/service/example Setelah dihapus, maka service akan berhenti seketika dan tidak akan dimuat ketika sistem operasi booting. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:5","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Perbandingan Perintah Runit vs Systemd Systemd memang memiliki lebih banyak perintah daripada Runit, namun jika dibandingkan maka berikut ini adalah beberapa perintah yang umum digunakan dalam mengelola service dari kedua init system tersebut. Usage Systemd Runit Menjalankan service systemctl start \u003cservice\u003e sv up \u003cservice\u003e Mematikan service systemctl stop \u003cservice\u003e sv down \u003cservice\u003e Menyalakan ulang service systemctl restart \u003cservice\u003e sv restart \u003cservice\u003e Enable service at boot systemctl enable \u003cservice\u003e ln -s /etc/runit/sv/\u003ctemplate dir\u003e /run/runit/\u003crunsvdir\u003e Disable service from boot systemctl disable \u003cservice\u003e unlink /run/runit/\u003crunsvdir\u003e/\u003cservice\u003e ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:3:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Manakah yang lebih baik? Dalam pekerjaan, systemd tetap digunakan pada server-server customer yang saya kelola. Tidak ada masalah bagi saya, karena itulah prosedur yang diterapkan di perusahaan-perusaahan tersebut. Tentu sebuah server yang berada dalam skala production membutuhkan stabilitas tinggi, nyaris semua yang saya kelola menggunakan berbagai platform dari Red Hat. Dan RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) sendiri adalah salah satu distro GNU/Linux yang paling bergantung pada systemd. Saya mengakui bahwa systemd adalah sistem yang modern. Yang menurut saya kurang adalah sistem logging dengan journald, file log yang dihasilkan bukanlah textfile. Sebelumnya, dengan rsyslog kita bebas memakai beragam tool seperti cat, grep, tail, atau head. Tetapi dengan journald kita dibatasi hanya bisa menggunakan satu tool yaitu journalctl. Untuk pemakaian di komputer pribadi, tentu saja saya lebih prefer menggunakan Runit. Bukan tanpa alasan, runit mengkonsumsi resouce (seperti RAM dan CPU) yang relatif lebih sedikit daripada systemd. Dependency yang digunakan oleh runit juga tidak sebanyak systemd, berarti runit juga lebih ramah dalam urusan penggunaan storage. Untuk kecepatan, saya berani mengadu kecepatan antara runit melawan systemd, karena telah memiliki pengalaman pribadi bahwa runit menang telak! Runit membuat sistem operasi saya booting lebih cepat daripada systemd. Terlepas dari semua itu, saya juga belum membutuhkan systemd dengan segala bloated features nya untuk urusan pribadi (itu terlalu berlebihan, saya bahkan tidak pernah menggunakan itu semua secara keseluruhan), yang saya perlukan pada komputer pribadi adalah program dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang saya kehendaki. Sehingga saya menyimpulkan bahwa runit layak dijadikan sebagai alternatif. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:4:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Referensi smarden.org/runit devnull.web.id/debian/pengenalan-systemd.html kchard.github.io/runit-quickstart ihatesystemd.com wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Comparison_of_init_systems wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/init ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:5:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Berbicara sedikit tentang GNU/Linux Ricing","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Istilah rice/ricing pasti tidak asing lagi bagi orang yang suka mengkustomisasi desktop sistem operasi Unix-like, khususnya pada GNU/Linux yang aktivitasnya biasa disebut “Ricing / Linux Rice”. Mereka gemar berdiskusi di komunitas reddit dan grup Linuxer Desktop Art di Facebook, serta grup Dotfiles Indonesia di Telegram untuk sharing atau hanya sekedar melihat-lihat indahnya sistem operasi unix-like. Arch-ChanArch-Chan \" Arch-Chan ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:0:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Pengenalan “Linux Rice” Pertama-tama saya akan sedikit menjelaskan mengenai apa yang disebut “Linux Rice”. Linux Rice berasal dari 2 kata “Linux” yaitu sistem operasi GNU/Linux itu sendiri dan “Rice” yaitu beras. Bukan! yang dimaksud “Rice” disini bukanlah beras yang biasa kita makan, tapi akronim dari “Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements”. Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements. (R.I.C.E.) adalah istilah yang merujuk pada mobil sport buatan Asia (biasanya Honda Civic) yang memiliki banyak modifikasi kosmetik dan sedikit atau tanpa modifikasi internal. Intinya disini kata “Rice” awalnya digunakan untuk modifikasi pada mobil. Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements (R.I.C.E.)Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements (R.A.C.E.) \" Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements (R.I.C.E.) Apa hubungannya modifikasi mobil dengan sistem operasi GNU/Linux? Dari sini jelas bahwa kata “Rice” artinya modifikasi, kemudian istilah tersebut diserap oleh mereka yang gemar memodifikasi tampilan desktop di sistem operasi GNU/Linux menjadi “Ricing”. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:1:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Komponen dasar dalam Ricing Ada banyak sekali cara untuk mengkustomisasi desktop di sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Dimulai dari pengenalan sebuah Window Manager atau disingkat WM. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Window Manager Window Manager adalah sistem perangkat lunak yang mengontrol tata letak dan tampilan window dalam sistem windowing yang merupakan salah satu dari komponen Desktop Environment pada GUI. WM sendiri dibagi menjadi 3 jenis. Stacking adalah Window Manager yang sistem window-nya bertumpuk antara satu dengan yang lain. Kita biasa merasakan workflow WM jenis ini misalnya pada DE GNOME3 yang menggunakan Mutter dan KDE yang menggunakan Kwin. Namun tidak semua WM dapat berdiri sendiri (standalone) contoh yang WM yang dapat berdiri sendiri dengan mudahnya adalah openbox, fluxbox, hingga xfwm pada DE XFCE. Tiling adalah Window Manager yang sistem window-nya tersusun kotak-kotak antara satu dengan lainnya secara otomatis meskipun masih terdapat sistem floating/stacking, disebut tiling karena memiliki workflow seperti susunan ubin. Contohnya i3wm, dan bspwm. Dynamic. Seperti pada namanya, jenis Window Manager ini dapat berganti-ganti diantara Stacking maupun Tiling sesuai selera pengguna. Contohnya dwm dan awesomewm. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:1","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Panel / Bar / Dock Panel / Bar / Dock adalah program yang digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi baterai, daftar aplikasi yang dibuka, system tray, dan waktu. Jika pada sistem operasi Micros*ft Wind*ws, kita biasa menyebutnya Taskbar. Di GNU/Linux contohnya adalah plank, tint2, polybar, dzen2, dan lemonbar. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:2","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Application Launcher Application Launcher adalah program yang digunakan untuk membuka atau menjalankan suatu program selain menggunakan Terminal Emulator. Contohnya adalah dmenu lalu ada penggantinya yang lebih menawarkan banyak fitur, yaitu rofi. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:3","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Notification Daemon Notification Daemon (lebih suka saya sebut sebagai Notify Daemon) adalah program yang digunakan sebagai penampil notifikasi. Contohnya adalah dunst, xfce4-notifyd milik XFCE, dll. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:4","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Terminal Emulator Terminal Emulator adalah program yang digunakan untuk berinteraksi dengan sesi Unix Shell seperti mengatur sistem, hingga menjalankan program, dengan mengetikkan perintah berbasis teks (CLI). TE merupakan komponen terpenting digunakan untuk Ricing. Contoh Terminal Emulator ada banyak sekali, misalnya rxvt-unicode (urxvt), xfce4-terminal pada XFCE, termite, simple terminal (st), kitty, dan masih banyak lagi. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:5","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Display Manager (Optional) Display Manager atau DM adalah program yang digunakan untuk masuk ke sesi GUI bagi sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Setelah masuk ke DM, kendali sepenuhnya diberikan kepada WM. DM menyediakan fitur seperti memilih sesi DE/WM yang akan digunakan, serta terdapat juga fitur reboot, halt, dan suspend. Meski sering digunakan karena kemudahannya bagi pengguna, tetapi tidak sedikit pula orang yang menggunakan sistem operasi GNU/Linux tanpa DM. Biasanya mereka menggunakan startx langsung (xorg-xinit). Contoh DM adalah lightdm, gdm milik GNOME, dan slim. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:6","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Window Compositor (Optional) Compositor adalah program yang berfungsi untuk mengatur animasi seperti bayangan dan tranparansi pada WM. Contohnya adalah compton, lalu penerusnya yaitu picom. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:7","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Alasan memilih WM daripada DE Dari semua penjelasan diatas, mengapa saya lebih memilih WM dengan custom environment, daripada DE yang sudah lengkap (instant) tinggal digunakan? Seringkali banyak yang bilang Ribet sekali jadi orang! Ada beberapa alasan mengapa menggunakan WM lebih baik daripada menggunakan DE (menurut saya). Ingin belajar lebih dalam mengenai workflow desktop pada sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Mengetahui bahwa GUI pada sistem operasi GNU/Linux dapat diminimalisir komponen-komponen penyusunnya (dependencies), karena banyak sekali komponen yang tidak pernah saya perlukan pada DE namun sudah pre-installed. Dengan alasan nomor 2 jelas sekali bahwa WM akan sangat ringan dan tidak menyita banyak resources seperti RAM dan processor. Kebebasan memilih komponen penyusun desktop seperti yang saya sudah jelaskan di atas. System Monitoringhtop \" System Monitoring ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:3:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Apa yang saya gunakan? Karena saya masih terbiasa dengan WM jenis stacking yang terkesan normal, serta dikarenakan resolusi layar minim (1600 x 900). Berbeda dengan WM tiling yang lebih dioptimalkan untuk developer dengan layar lebarnya. Saya memutuskan memilih openbox dengan segala kesederhanaanya serta dukungan yang luas. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:4:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Penutup Cukup rumit dan membingungkan bukan? Bagi pemula biasanya akan lebih mudah untuk memulai dari menggunakan dotfiles milik orang lain. Dengan begitu kita tidak terlalu banyak melakukan konfigurasi dari dasar, dan tidak perlu membuat theme, icon hingga artwork sendiri. Setelah merasa cukup familiar dengan environment tersebut barulah mencoba membangun environment kalian sendiri. Jika sudah merasa mampu menyusun dokumentasi environment dengan baik, maka lanjutkan belajar membuat dotfiles sendiri. Selama proses belajar, tak perlu malu untuk berbagi screenshot ke komunitas seperti Linuxer Desktop Art, atau Dotfiles Indonesia untuk meminta pendapat dari sesama pegiat Desktop Ricing. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:5:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Referensi 0xlt.me dwarmstrong.org/openbox devpy.me/your-guide-to-a-comfortable-linux-desktop-with-openbox openbox.org addy-dclxvi.github.io bandithijo.github.io wiki.archlinux.org/Desktop_environment Linuxer Desktop Art Dotfiles Indonesia ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:6:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"This article shows the basic Markdown syntax and format.","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"This initial article offers a sample of basic Markdown syntax that can be used in Hugo content files. In the future, this article will be the basic guide in writing the other posts on this blog. Note This article is a shameful copy of the great Grav original page. Let’s face it: Writing content for the Web is tiresome. WYSIWYG editors help alleviate this task, but they generally result in horrible code, or worse yet, ugly web pages. Markdown is a better way to write HTML, without all the complexities and ugliness that usually accompanies it. Some of the key benefits are: Markdown is simple to learn, with minimal extra characters, so it’s also quicker to write content. Less chance of errors when writing in Markdown. Produces valid XHTML output. Keeps the content and the visual display separate, so you cannot mess up the look of your site. Write in any text editor or Markdown application you like. Markdown is a joy to use! John Gruber, the author of Markdown, puts it like this: The overriding design goal for Markdown’s formatting syntax is to make it as readable as possible. The idea is that a Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking like it’s been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While Markdown’s syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML filters, the single biggest source of inspiration for Markdown’s syntax is the format of plain text email. – John Gruber Without further delay, let us go over the main elements of Markdown and what the resulting HTML looks like! Tip  Bookmark this page for easy future reference! ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:0:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"1 Headings Headings from h2 through h6 are constructed with a # for each level: ## h2 Heading ### h3 Heading #### h4 Heading ##### h5 Heading ###### h6 Heading The HTML looks like this: \u003ch2\u003eh2 Heading\u003c/h2\u003e \u003ch3\u003eh3 Heading\u003c/h3\u003e \u003ch4\u003eh4 Heading\u003c/h4\u003e \u003ch5\u003eh5 Heading\u003c/h5\u003e \u003ch6\u003eh6 Heading\u003c/h6\u003e Heading IDs To add a custom heading ID, enclose the custom ID in curly braces on the same line as the heading: ### A Great Heading {#custom-id} The HTML looks like this: \u003ch3 id=\"custom-id\"\u003eA Great Heading\u003c/h3\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:1:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"2 Comments Comments should be HTML compatible. \u003c!-- This is a comment --\u003e Comment below should NOT be seen: ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:2:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"3 Horizontal Rules The HTML \u003chr\u003e element is for creating a “thematic break” between paragraph-level elements. In Markdown, you can create a \u003chr\u003e with any of the following: ___: three consecutive underscores ---: three consecutive dashes ***: three consecutive asterisks The rendered output looks like this: ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:3:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"4 Body Copy Body copy written as normal, plain text will be wrapped with \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e tags in the rendered HTML. So this body copy: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, graecis denique ei vel, at duo primis mandamus. Et legere ocurreret pri, animal tacimates complectitur ad cum. Cu eum inermis inimicus efficiendi. Labore officiis his ex, soluta officiis concludaturque ei qui, vide sensibus vim ad. The HTML looks like this: \u003cp\u003eLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, graecis denique ei vel, at duo primis mandamus. Et legere ocurreret pri, animal tacimates complectitur ad cum. Cu eum inermis inimicus efficiendi. Labore officiis his ex, soluta officiis concludaturque ei qui, vide sensibus vim ad.\u003c/p\u003e A line break can be done with one blank line. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:4:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"5 Inline HTML If you need a certain HTML tag (with a class) you can simply use HTML: Paragraph in Markdown. \u003cdiv class=\"class\"\u003e This is \u003cb\u003eHTML\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/div\u003e Paragraph in Markdown. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:5:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"6 Emphasis ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:6:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Bold For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight. The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text. **rendered as bold text** __rendered as bold text__ The HTML looks like this: \u003cstrong\u003erendered as bold text\u003c/strong\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:6:1","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Italics For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics. The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text. *rendered as italicized text* _rendered as italicized text_ The HTML looks like this: \u003cem\u003erendered as italicized text\u003c/em\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:6:2","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Strikethrough In GFMGitHub flavored Markdown you can do strikethroughs. ~~Strike through this text.~~ The rendered output looks like this: Strike through this text. The HTML looks like this: \u003cdel\u003eStrike through this text.\u003c/del\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:6:3","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Combination Bold, italics, and strikethrough can be used in combination. ***bold and italics*** ~~**strikethrough and bold**~~ ~~*strikethrough and italics*~~ ~~***bold, italics and strikethrough***~~ The rendered output looks like this: bold and italics strikethrough and bold strikethrough and italics bold, italics and strikethrough The HTML looks like this: \u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebold and italics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cdel\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estrikethrough and bold\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/del\u003e \u003cdel\u003e\u003cem\u003estrikethrough and italics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/del\u003e \u003cdel\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebold, italics and strikethrough\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/del\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:6:4","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"7 Blockquotes For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document. Add \u003e before any text you want to quote: \u003e **Fusion Drive** combines a hard drive with a flash storage (solid-state drive) and presents it as a single logical volume with the space of both drives combined. The rendered output looks like this: Fusion Drive combines a hard drive with a flash storage (solid-state drive) and presents it as a single logical volume with the space of both drives combined. The HTML looks like this: \u003cblockquote\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFusion Drive\u003c/strong\u003e combines a hard drive with a flash storage (solid-state drive) and presents it as a single logical volume with the space of both drives combined. \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/blockquote\u003e Blockquotes can also be nested: \u003e Donec massa lacus, ultricies a ullamcorper in, fermentum sed augue. Nunc augue augue, aliquam non hendrerit ac, commodo vel nisi. \u003e\u003e Sed adipiscing elit vitae augue consectetur a gravida nunc vehicula. Donec auctor odio non est accumsan facilisis. Aliquam id turpis in dolor tincidunt mollis ac eu diam. The rendered output looks like this: Donec massa lacus, ultricies a ullamcorper in, fermentum sed augue. Nunc augue augue, aliquam non hendrerit ac, commodo vel nisi. Sed adipiscing elit vitae augue consectetur a gravida nunc vehicula. Donec auctor odio non est accumsan facilisis. Aliquam id turpis in dolor tincidunt mollis ac eu diam. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:7:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"8 Lists ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:8:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Unordered A list of items in which the order of the items does not explicitly matter. You may use any of the following symbols to denote bullets for each list item: * valid bullet - valid bullet + valid bullet For example: * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet * Consectetur adipiscing elit * Integer molestie lorem at massa * Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet * Nulla volutpat aliquam velit * Phasellus iaculis neque * Purus sodales ultricies * Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem * Ac tristique libero volutpat at * Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel * Aenean sit amet erat nunc * Eget porttitor lorem The rendered output looks like this: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet Consectetur adipiscing elit Integer molestie lorem at massa Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet Nulla volutpat aliquam velit Phasellus iaculis neque Purus sodales ultricies Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem Ac tristique libero volutpat at Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel Aenean sit amet erat nunc Eget porttitor lorem The HTML looks like this: \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eLorem ipsum dolor sit amet\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConsectetur adipiscing elit\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eInteger molestie lorem at massa\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFacilisis in pretium nisl aliquet\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNulla volutpat aliquam velit \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePhasellus iaculis neque\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePurus sodales ultricies\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eVestibulum laoreet porttitor sem\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAc tristique libero volutpat at\u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFaucibus porta lacus fringilla vel\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAenean sit amet erat nunc\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEget porttitor lorem\u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:8:1","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Ordered A list of items in which the order of items does explicitly matter. 1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet 2. Consectetur adipiscing elit 3. Integer molestie lorem at massa 4. Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet 5. Nulla volutpat aliquam velit 6. Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel 7. Aenean sit amet erat nunc 8. Eget porttitor lorem The rendered output looks like this: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet Consectetur adipiscing elit Integer molestie lorem at massa Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet Nulla volutpat aliquam velit Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel Aenean sit amet erat nunc Eget porttitor lorem The HTML looks like this: \u003col\u003e \u003cli\u003eLorem ipsum dolor sit amet\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConsectetur adipiscing elit\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eInteger molestie lorem at massa\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFacilisis in pretium nisl aliquet\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNulla volutpat aliquam velit\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFaucibus porta lacus fringilla vel\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAenean sit amet erat nunc\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEget porttitor lorem\u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e Tip If you just use 1. for each number, Markdown will automatically number each item. For example: 1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet 1. Consectetur adipiscing elit 1. Integer molestie lorem at massa 1. Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet 1. Nulla volutpat aliquam velit 1. Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel 1. Aenean sit amet erat nunc 1. Eget porttitor lorem The rendered output looks like this: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet Consectetur adipiscing elit Integer molestie lorem at massa Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet Nulla volutpat aliquam velit Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel Aenean sit amet erat nunc Eget porttitor lorem ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:8:2","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Task Lists Task lists allow you to create a list of items with checkboxes. To create a task list, add dashes (-) and brackets with a space ([ ]) before task list items. To select a checkbox, add an x in between the brackets ([x]). The rendered output looks like this: Write the press release Update the website Contact the media ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:8:3","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"9 Code ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:9:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Inline Code Wrap inline snippets of code with `. In this example, `\u003csection\u003e\u003c/section\u003e` should be wrapped as **code**. The rendered output looks like this: In this example, \u003csection\u003e\u003c/section\u003e should be wrapped as code. The HTML looks like this: \u003cp\u003e In this example, \u003ccode\u003e\u0026lt;section\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/section\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e should be wrapped with \u003cstrong\u003ecode\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:9:1","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Indented Code Or indent several lines of code by at least four spaces, as in: // Some comments line 1 of code line 2 of code line 3 of code The rendered output looks like this: // Some comments line 1 of code line 2 of code line 3 of code The HTML looks like this: \u003cpre\u003e \u003ccode\u003e // Some comments line 1 of code line 2 of code line 3 of code \u003c/code\u003e \u003c/pre\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:9:2","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Block Fenced Code Use “fences” ``` to block in multiple lines of code with a language attribute. ```markdown Sample text here... ``` The HTML looks like this: \u003cpre language-html\u003e \u003ccode\u003eSample text here...\u003c/code\u003e \u003c/pre\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:9:3","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Syntax Highlighting GFMGitHub Flavored Markdown also supports syntax highlighting. To activate it, simply add the file extension of the language you want to use directly after the first code “fence”, ```js, and syntax highlighting will automatically be applied in the rendered HTML. For example, to apply syntax highlighting to JavaScript code: ```js grunt.initConfig({ assemble: { options: { assets: 'docs/assets', data: 'src/data/*.{json,yml}', helpers: 'src/custom-helpers.js', partials: ['src/partials/**/*.{hbs,md}'] }, pages: { options: { layout: 'default.hbs' }, files: { './': ['src/templates/pages/index.hbs'] } } } }; ``` The rendered output looks like this: grunt.initConfig({ assemble: { options: { assets: 'docs/assets', data: 'src/data/*.{json,yml}', helpers: 'src/custom-helpers.js', partials: ['src/partials/**/*.{hbs,md}'] }, pages: { options: { layout: 'default.hbs' }, files: { './': ['src/templates/pages/index.hbs'] } } } }; Note Syntax highlighting page in Hugo Docs introduces more about syntax highlighting, including highlight shortcode. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:9:4","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"10 Tables Tables are created by adding pipes as dividers between each cell, and by adding a line of dashes (also separated by bars) beneath the header. Note that the pipes do not need to be vertically aligned. | Option | Description | | ------ | ----------- | | data | path to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates. | | engine | engine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default. | | ext | extension to be used for dest files. | The rendered output looks like this: Option Description data path to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates. engine engine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default. ext extension to be used for dest files. The HTML looks like this: \u003ctable\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth\u003eOption\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003edata\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003epath to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates.\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003eengine\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eengine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default.\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003eext\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eextension to be used for dest files.\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/table\u003e Right or center aligned text Adding a colon on the right side of the dashes below any heading will right align text for that column. Adding colons on both sides of the dashes below any heading will center align text for that column. | Option | Description | |:------:| -----------:| | data | path to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates. | | engine | engine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default. | | ext | extension to be used for dest files. | The rendered output looks like this: Option Description data path to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates. engine engine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default. ext extension to be used for dest files. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:10:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"11 Links ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:11:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Basic Link \u003chttps://assemble.io\u003e \u003ccontact@revolunet.com\u003e [Assemble](https://assemble.io) The rendered output looks like this (hover over the link, there is no tooltip): https://assemble.io contact@revolunet.com Assemble The HTML looks like this: \u003ca href=\"https://assemble.io\"\u003ehttps://assemble.io\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"mailto:contact@revolunet.com\"\u003econtact@revolunet.com\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://assemble.io\"\u003eAssemble\u003c/a\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:11:1","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Add a Title [Upstage](https://github.com/upstage/ \"Visit Upstage!\") The rendered output looks like this (hover over the link, there should be a tooltip): Upstage The HTML looks like this: \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/upstage/\" title=\"Visit Upstage!\"\u003eUpstage\u003c/a\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:11:2","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Named Anchors Named anchors enable you to jump to the specified anchor point on the same page. For example, each of these chapters: ## Table of Contents * [Chapter 1](#chapter-1) * [Chapter 2](#chapter-2) * [Chapter 3](#chapter-3) will jump to these sections: ## Chapter 1 \u003ca id=\"chapter-1\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Content for chapter one. ## Chapter 2 \u003ca id=\"chapter-2\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Content for chapter one. ## Chapter 3 \u003ca id=\"chapter-3\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Content for chapter one. Note The specific placement of the anchor tag seems to be arbitrary. They are placed inline here since it seems to be unobtrusive, and it works. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:11:3","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"12 Footnotes Footnotes allow you to add notes and references without cluttering the body of the document. When you create a footnote, a superscript number with a link appears where you added the footnote reference. Readers can click the link to jump to the content of the footnote at the bottom of the page. To create a footnote reference, add a caret and an identifier inside brackets ([^1]). Identifiers can be numbers or words, but they can’t contain spaces or tabs. Identifiers only correlate the footnote reference with the footnote itself — in the output, footnotes are numbered sequentially. Add the footnote using another caret and number inside brackets with a colon and text ([^1]: My footnote.). You don’t have to put footnotes at the end of the document. You can put them anywhere except inside other elements like lists, block quotes, and tables. This is a digital footnote[^1]. This is a footnote with \"label\"[^label] [^1]: This is a digital footnote [^label]: This is a footnote with \"label\" This is a digital footnote1. This is a footnote with “label”2 ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:12:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"13 Images Images have a similar syntax to links but include a preceding exclamation point. ![Minion](https://octodex.github.com/images/minion.png) or: ![Alt text](https://octodex.github.com/images/stormtroopocat.jpg \"The Stormtroopocat\") The StormtroopocatAlt text \" The Stormtroopocat Like links, images also have a footnote style syntax: ![Alt text][id] The DojocatAlt text \" The Dojocat With a reference later in the document defining the URL location: [id]: https://octodex.github.com/images/dojocat.jpg \"The Dojocat\" This is a digital footnote ↩︎ This is a footnote with “label” ↩︎ ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:13:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"}]
\ No newline at end of file
+[{"categories":null,"content":"Tentang situs init.web.id dan alasannya dibangun","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/about/","tags":null,"title":"About","uri":"/about/"},{"categories":null,"content":"Bonjour! Saya Anwar seorang biasa pegiat GNU/Linux, serta jaringan komputer. Gemar belajar konfigurasi infrastruktur yang berkaitan dengan sistem komputasi, mendengarkan musik, dan membaca. Seringkali hal yang jarang dilakukan akan mudah terlupakan, maka dibangunlah website ini untuk membantu merawat ingatan, bukan berbagi. Jika ternyata mampu membantu orang lain, itu cuma bonus saat belajar. Perhatian Situs web yang sedang terbuka ini hanyalah catatan pribadi yang berusaha ditulis sedemikian rupa supaya terlihat lebih teknis. Perlu diketahui, bahwa penulis tidak berharap setiap orang dapat memahaminya. Penulis sepenuhnya tidak bertanggung jawab atas segala kerugian atau kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh setiap konten dalam situs ini. Pembaca hendaknya lebih waspada dalam mempraktikan hal-hal dari internet. Segala konten yang tersedia pada situs web ini akan sepenuhnya gratis dan bebas untuk dibaca, disalin, serta disebarluaskan, hingga dapat dikembangkan pada media lain. Setiap artikel memiliki source code yang dapat diakses dari repository. Jika memiliki pertanyaan, atau urusan lain silahkan hubungi penulis melalui beberapa kontak berikut ini : Contact  Telegram  Twitter  Facebook  Email ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/about/:0:0","tags":null,"title":"About","uri":"/about/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Beralih menggunakan runit - sebuah UNIX init scheme dengan service supervision","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Runit merupakan sebuah UNIX init scheme dengan service supervision. Pada dasarnya hal ini berarti Runit mampu menyediakan automatic starting sebuah services ketika sistem operasi dijalankan untuk pertamakali, serta automatic monitoring and restarting sebuah service jika terjadi sebuah interupsi. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:0:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Systemd vs Runit Ketika artikel ini diterbitkan, systemd nyaris menguasai semua distro sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Misalnya Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, dan banyak lagi lainnya sudah beralih dari init system sebelumnya lalu menggunakan systemd. Hal ini terjadi karena systemd menawarkan banyak hal yang terintegrasi, hampir segala hal pada sistem operasi akan di-handle olehnya. Systemd and GNU/LinuxSystemd and GNU/Linux \" Systemd and GNU/Linux ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:1:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Kontroversi systemd systemd memang menjadi kontroversi karena beberapa hal. Sebagian orang menganggap bahwa systemd tidak menghormati filosofi Unix. Saya ingat ketika awal sekali mengenal GNU/Linux, bahwa GNU/Linux adalah sistem operasi yang Unix-like dan Unix memiliki filosofi sebagai berikut : Tugas sebuah program adalah melakukan satu hal, dan melakukannya dengan baik. Sistem yang besar dan kompleks merupakan gabungan dari program-program kecil yang bekerja sama. Teks adalah antarmuka yang universal. Segala hal di Unix adalah file. systemd dianggap tidak conform dengan filosofi Unix diatas sehingga banyak yang menolaknya. systemd awalnya dikembangkan oleh Lennart Pottering, seorang developer yang saat artikel ini diterbitkan tengah bekerja untuk Red Hat. Dia sebelumnya juga membuat sebuah program yang tak kalah kontroversial yaitu Avahi dan PulseAudio. Silahkan baca tentang Lennart Pottering di Wikipedia. Beberapa kritik lain terhadap systemd misalnya karena systemd tidak hanya menjadi init system tapi juga mengambil ali banyak fungsi. Misalnya systemd berusaha mengatur network, cron, fstab, syslog atau rsyslog, ntp, dan banyak lainnya. Artinya systemd bukanlah sebuah program yang melakukan satu hal saja, tapi banyak hal. Kemudian, systemd dikritik karena logging file-nya tidak berbasis teks seperti Unix dan GNU/Linux pada umumnya, melainkan binary log file. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:1:1","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Runit Sebagai Alternatif Berbagai penolakan tentu saja terjadi, tidak sedikit developer yang kemudian melakukan fork lalu mengembangkan distro GNU/Linux yang bebas dari systemd. Misalnya Artix Linux, yang merupakan fork dari project Arch Linux dengan maksud membebaskan pengguna Arch dari cengkeraman systemd. Artix menawarkan beberapa alternatif sebagai pengganti systemd, misalnya OpenRC, S6, dan tentu saja Runit. /etc/runit/sv/foo ├── log │ ├── run │ └── supervise │ ├── control │ ├── lock │ ├── ok │ ├── pid │ ├── stat │ └── status ├── run └── supervise ├── control ├── lock ├── ok ├── pid ├── stat └── status Pada distro Artix, biasanya direktori sebuah service akan terlihat seperti di atas. Anggaplah /etc/runit/sv adalah templatedir, dan /etc/runit/sv/foo adalah direktori konfigurasi service. Maka kelak service yang berjalan akan bernama sebagai foo juga. Dalam direktori foo biasanya kita hanya diwajibkan untuk membuat sebuah file executable bernama run, berisikan baris perintah untuk mengeksekusi program yang akan dijadikan sebagai sebuah service. Namun jika kita membutuhkan logging, kita dapat memanfaatkan svlogd dengan membuat sebuah direktori bernama log di dalam /etc/runit/sv/foo, kemudian buat lagi sebuah file bernama run di dalam direktori log tersebut. Isi dari file-file run tersebut akan kita bahas dibawah. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:1:2","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Beralih ke Runit Dalam dokumentasi ini kita akan belajar tentang : Membuat sebuah runit template untuk untuk konfigurasi monitored service. Konfigurasi monitored service untuk pertamakali. Mengelola monitored service secara manual. runit svrunit sv \" runit sv ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"0. Prerequisites Pastikan paket dari runit sudo terpasang pada sistem. Sebagian besar distro GNU/Linux biasanya memiliki paket tersebut pada repository mereka. Misalnya, jika kita menggunakan sebuah distro Arch-based maka kita dapat memasang paket dengan perintah berikut. $ sudo pacman -Sy runit Perhatian Pada distro Artix biasanya kita tidak perlu melakukan pemasangan paket Runit. Kita diperkenankan memilih init system apa yang akan digunakan pada waktu mengunduh berkas ISO installer. Periksa apakah runit telah terpasang pada sistem, dengan mencari sebuah process bernama runsvdir dengan perintah. $ sudo ps -ef | grep runsvdir Jika runit telah terpasang, harusnya akan keluar output seperti berikut. root 1090 1 0 Dec15 ? 00:00:00 runsvdir -P /run/runit/service log:.............. Di sini runsvdir merupakan hal paling pertama dari beberapa lainnya yang akan kita pahami. runit memang diarancang untuk mengambil pendekatan yang terasa sangat Unixy, yaitu dengan cara memecah fungsionalitas utama menjadi beberapa utilities kecil yang masing-masing unitnya bertanggung jawab menjalankan sebuah tugas. Pendekatan tersebut membuat komponen-komponen kecilnya mampu dibentuk dengan beberapa metode sesuai dengan yang kita butuhkan. Core unit yang terdapat pada runit beberapa diantaranya adalah runsvdir, runsv, chpst, svlogd, dan sv. Nantinya, dalam dokumentasi ini kita akan mengkombinasikan beberapa hal diatas untuk kofigurasi runit dan menjalankan sebuah managed service. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:1","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"1. Membuat sebuah Template Hal pertama yang perlu kita lakukan adalah memperhatikan lebih dalam apa yang sebenarnya terjadi pada output runsvdir -P /run/runit/service log:...... Pada dasarnya, dalam output tersebut terdapat sebuah perintah yang mengawasi direktori /run/runit/service, karena di dalamnya terdapat file konfigurasi dari monitored service. Sebuah monitored service dikonfigurasi dengan menambahkan sebuah subdirektori ke dalam /run/runit/service berisikan sebuah berkas script run di dalamnya. Ketika runsvdir menemukan sebuah konfigurasi baru, maka ia akan menjalankan process runsvbaru untuk mengelola service. Ingat, bahwa salah satu Filosofi Unix berbunyi tugas sebuah program adalah melakukan satu hal, dan melakukannya dengan baik. Pastikan bahwa direktori /etc/runit/sv/ ada. Di dalamnya kita akan membuat direktori baru bernama foo. $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/runit/sv/foo Lalu di dalam direktori tersebut kita buat sebuah file template bernama run untuk ilustrasi. #!/bin/sh exec 2\u003e\u00261 exec chpst -u foo /opt/example/foo-service.sh Jangan lupa file run harus menjadi executable dengan cara berikut. $ sudo chmod +x /etc/runit/sv/foo/run Script run di atas akan mengeksekusi script foo-service.sh yang nantinya akan kita buat di dalam direktori /opt/example. Terdapat juga chpst yang berfungsi agar nantinya eksekusi akan dijalankan oleh user bernama foo, kita akan buat juga usernya nanti. Runit menawarkan svlogd untuk mengelola logfile dari sebuah service, kita akan mencoba membuatnya juga. Mari buat direktori baru bernama log. $ sudo mkdir /etc/runit/sv/foo/log Di dalam direktori tersebut, kita akan membuat file baru lagi bernama run berisikan script berikut. #!/bin/sh exec chpst -u foo svlogd -tt /var/log/foo Pada script diatas svlogd akan menghasilkan output dari template yang sebelumnya kita buat. Output yang muncul akan ditampung pada direktori /var/log/foo yang kita buat nanti. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:2","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"2. Menyiapkan Logging Directory Buat sebuah direktori untuk menampung log dari service. $ sudo mkdir -p /var/log/foo Lalu kita membutuhkan user baru bernama foo sebagai ilustrasi. $ sudo useradd foo Direktori log seharusnya menjadi milik user foo supaya user tersebut mampu menulis di dalamnya, sehingga kita perlu merubah kepemilikannya dengan perintah berikut. $ sudo chown foo:foo /var/log/foo ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:3","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"3. Membuat Program Ilustrasi Buat sebuah direktori baru untuk meletakkan file program ilustrasi. $ sudo mkdir -p /opt/example Dari sini kita akan melanjutkan dengan membuat program sebagai ilustrasi bernama foo-service.sh yang terletak pada direktori /opt/example. #!/bin/bash echo \"Menjalankan service...\" for i in {1..30} do echo \"Melakukan sesuatu...\" sleep 1 done echo \"Oh tidak, program crash!\" \u003e\u00262 exit 1 Jangan lupa untuk menjadikan file tersebut executable seperti berikut. $ sudo chmod +x /opt/example/foo-script.sh Kemudian jadikan direktori serta file di dalamnya menjadi milik user foo. $ sudo chown -R foo:foo /opt/example Program foo-script.sh akan mensimulasikan sebuah process yang dieksekusi menggunakan runit sesuai dengan template yang sebelumnya telah kita buat. foo-script.sh akan crash setiap 30 detik, dan setiap output nya akan dicatat ke dalam log. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:4","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"4. Mengelola Service Kita tiba pada tahap menggunakan sv untuk pengelolaan service dari ilustrasi yang telah kita buat sebelumnya. Untuk menjalankan service kita perlu melakukan symlink direktori template ke dalam direktori runsvdir. Enable service $ sudo ln -s /etc/runit/sv/foo /run/runit/service Ketika melakukan perintah ln -s diatas, direktori template dari service tersebut (/etc/runit/sv/foo) akan dijadikan sebagai titik link yang ditambahkan ke dalam direktori runsvdir pada /run/runit/service. Lalu runsvdir terus melakukan pengawasan pada service yang baru saja kita tambahkan. Sehingga pada saat process terinterupsi (misalnya oleh reboot atau kill) maka service tersebut akan kembali dinyalakan secara otomatis. Itulah yang dimaksud dengan supervision di dalam sebuah sistem init. Memeriksa status service Kemudian lakukan pemeriksaan, apakah service berhasil dijalankan. $ sudo sv status /run/runit/service/foo Jika berhasil, seharusnya akan keluar output seperti berikut. run: foo: (pid 16998) 3s; run: log: (pid 16997) 3s Menghentikan service Coba hentikan service dengan perintah berikut. $ sudo sv down /run/runit/service/foo Jika berhasil dihentikan, maka akan keluar output seperti berikut. ok: down: example: 1s, normally up Menyalakan service Nyalakan lagi kemudian periksa lagi statusnya dengan perintah seperti berikut ini. $ sudo sv up /run/runit/service/foo $ sudo sv status /run/runit/service/foo Jika berhasil berjalan, maka akan muncul output sebagai berikut. run: foo: (pid 18146) 16s; run: log: (pid 16997) 250s Melihat logfile Sekarang kita akan coba melihat apakah logging berhasil dilakukan. $ sudo tail -f /var/log/foo/current svlogd akan membuat sebuah file baru bernama current dalam direktori log yang sudah kita siapkan. Nantinya file tersebut akan menampung tiap output dari service yang sedang berjalan. Apabila berhasil, seharusnya akan muncul output seperti berikut. 2020-12-16_17:38:43.31313 Melakukan sesuatu... 2020-12-16_17:38:44.31422 Melakukan sesuatu... 2020-12-16_17:38:45.31513 Melakukan sesuatu... 2020-12-16_17:39:13.34046 Oh tidak, program crash! 2020-12-16_17:39:13.34372 Menjalankan service... 2020-12-16_17:39:13.34375 Melakukan sesuatu... 2020-12-16_17:39:14.34453 Melakukan sesuatu... 2020-12-16_17:39:15.34541 Melakukan sesuatu... Terlihat seperti diatas, bahwa program foo-script.sh berhasil dijalankan, berhenti setiap 30 detik, kemudian runit akan berusaha menyalakannya lagi. Tidak terbatas seperti tail -f saja, namun svlogd mampu melakukan log rotation otomatis layaknya logrotate, bahkan svlogd mampu melakukannya tanpa perlu mematikan service terlebih dahulu. Disable service Untuk menghilangkan sebuah service dari runsvdir kita perlu menghapus symlink yang sebelumnya kita buat. $ sudo unlink /run/runit/service/example Setelah dihapus, maka service akan berhenti seketika dan tidak akan dimuat ketika sistem operasi booting. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:2:5","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Perbandingan Perintah Runit vs Systemd Systemd memang memiliki lebih banyak perintah daripada Runit, namun jika dibandingkan maka berikut ini adalah beberapa perintah yang umum digunakan dalam mengelola service dari kedua init system tersebut. Usage Systemd Runit Menjalankan service systemctl start \u003cservice\u003e sv up \u003cservice\u003e Mematikan service systemctl stop \u003cservice\u003e sv down \u003cservice\u003e Menyalakan ulang service systemctl restart \u003cservice\u003e sv restart \u003cservice\u003e Enable service at boot systemctl enable \u003cservice\u003e ln -s /etc/runit/sv/\u003ctemplate dir\u003e /run/runit/\u003crunsvdir\u003e Disable service from boot systemctl disable \u003cservice\u003e unlink /run/runit/\u003crunsvdir\u003e/\u003cservice\u003e ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:3:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Manakah yang lebih baik? Dalam pekerjaan, systemd tetap digunakan pada server-server customer yang saya kelola. Tidak ada masalah bagi saya, karena itulah prosedur yang diterapkan di perusahaan-perusaahan tersebut. Tentu sebuah server yang berada dalam skala production membutuhkan stabilitas tinggi, nyaris semua yang saya kelola menggunakan berbagai platform dari Red Hat. Dan RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) sendiri adalah salah satu distro GNU/Linux yang paling bergantung pada systemd. Saya mengakui bahwa systemd adalah sistem yang modern. Yang menurut saya kurang adalah sistem logging dengan journald, file log yang dihasilkan bukanlah textfile. Sebelumnya, dengan rsyslog kita bebas memakai beragam tool seperti cat, grep, tail, atau head. Tetapi dengan journald kita dibatasi hanya bisa menggunakan satu tool yaitu journalctl. Untuk pemakaian di komputer pribadi, tentu saja saya lebih prefer menggunakan Runit. Bukan tanpa alasan, runit mengkonsumsi resouce (seperti RAM dan CPU) yang relatif lebih sedikit daripada systemd. Dependency yang digunakan oleh runit juga tidak sebanyak systemd, berarti runit juga lebih ramah dalam urusan penggunaan storage. Untuk kecepatan, saya berani mengadu kecepatan antara runit melawan systemd, karena telah memiliki pengalaman pribadi bahwa runit menang telak! Runit membuat sistem operasi saya booting lebih cepat daripada systemd. Terlepas dari semua itu, saya juga belum membutuhkan systemd dengan segala bloated features nya untuk urusan pribadi (itu terlalu berlebihan, saya bahkan tidak pernah menggunakan itu semua secara keseluruhan), yang saya perlukan pada komputer pribadi adalah program dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang saya kehendaki. Sehingga saya menyimpulkan bahwa runit layak dijadikan sebagai alternatif. ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:4:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Referensi smarden.org/runit devnull.web.id/debian/pengenalan-systemd.html kchard.github.io/runit-quickstart ihatesystemd.com wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Comparison_of_init_systems wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/init ","date":"2020-12-16","objectID":"/beralih-ke-runit/:5:0","tags":["Environment","Documentation"],"title":"Beralih ke Runit","uri":"/beralih-ke-runit/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Berbicara sedikit tentang GNU/Linux Ricing - Kebebasan dalam membangun environment desktop ramah sumberdaya dan sesuai kebutuhan","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Istilah rice/ricing pasti tidak asing lagi bagi orang yang suka mengkustomisasi desktop sistem operasi Unix-like, khususnya pada GNU/Linux yang aktivitasnya biasa disebut “Ricing / Linux Rice”. Mereka gemar berdiskusi di komunitas reddit dan grup Linuxer Desktop Art di Facebook, serta grup Dotfiles Indonesia di Telegram untuk sharing atau hanya sekedar melihat-lihat indahnya sistem operasi unix-like. Arch-ChanArch-Chan \" Arch-Chan ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:0:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Pengenalan “Linux Rice” Pertama-tama saya akan sedikit menjelaskan mengenai apa yang disebut “Linux Rice”. Linux Rice berasal dari 2 kata “Linux” yaitu sistem operasi GNU/Linux itu sendiri dan “Rice” yaitu beras. Bukan! yang dimaksud “Rice” disini bukanlah beras yang biasa kita makan, tapi akronim dari “Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements”. Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements. (R.I.C.E.) adalah istilah yang merujuk pada mobil sport buatan Asia (biasanya Honda Civic) yang memiliki banyak modifikasi kosmetik dan sedikit atau tanpa modifikasi internal. Intinya disini kata “Rice” awalnya digunakan untuk modifikasi pada mobil. Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements (R.I.C.E.)Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements (R.A.C.E.) \" Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements (R.I.C.E.) Apa hubungannya modifikasi mobil dengan sistem operasi GNU/Linux? Dari sini jelas bahwa kata “Rice” artinya modifikasi, kemudian istilah tersebut diserap oleh mereka yang gemar memodifikasi tampilan desktop di sistem operasi GNU/Linux menjadi “Ricing”. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:1:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Komponen dasar dalam Ricing Ada banyak sekali cara untuk mengkustomisasi desktop di sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Dimulai dari pengenalan sebuah Window Manager atau disingkat WM. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Window Manager Window Manager adalah sistem perangkat lunak yang mengontrol tata letak dan tampilan window dalam sistem windowing yang merupakan salah satu dari komponen Desktop Environment pada GUI. WM sendiri dibagi menjadi 3 jenis. Stacking adalah Window Manager yang sistem window-nya bertumpuk antara satu dengan yang lain. Kita biasa merasakan workflow WM jenis ini misalnya pada DE GNOME3 yang menggunakan Mutter dan KDE yang menggunakan Kwin. Namun tidak semua WM dapat berdiri sendiri (standalone) contoh yang WM yang dapat berdiri sendiri dengan mudahnya adalah openbox, fluxbox, hingga xfwm pada DE XFCE. Tiling adalah Window Manager yang sistem window-nya tersusun kotak-kotak antara satu dengan lainnya secara otomatis meskipun masih terdapat sistem floating/stacking, disebut tiling karena memiliki workflow seperti susunan ubin. Contohnya i3wm, dan bspwm. Dynamic. Seperti pada namanya, jenis Window Manager ini dapat berganti-ganti diantara Stacking maupun Tiling sesuai selera pengguna. Contohnya dwm dan awesomewm. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:1","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Panel / Bar / Dock Panel / Bar / Dock adalah program yang digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi baterai, daftar aplikasi yang dibuka, system tray, dan waktu. Jika pada sistem operasi Micros*ft Wind*ws, kita biasa menyebutnya Taskbar. Di GNU/Linux contohnya adalah plank, tint2, polybar, dzen2, dan lemonbar. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:2","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Application Launcher Application Launcher adalah program yang digunakan untuk membuka atau menjalankan suatu program selain menggunakan Terminal Emulator. Contohnya adalah dmenu lalu ada penggantinya yang lebih menawarkan banyak fitur, yaitu rofi. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:3","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Notification Daemon Notification Daemon (lebih suka saya sebut sebagai Notify Daemon) adalah program yang digunakan sebagai penampil notifikasi. Contohnya adalah dunst, xfce4-notifyd milik XFCE, dll. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:4","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Terminal Emulator Terminal Emulator adalah program yang digunakan untuk berinteraksi dengan sesi Unix Shell seperti mengatur sistem, hingga menjalankan program, dengan mengetikkan perintah berbasis teks (CLI). TE merupakan komponen terpenting digunakan untuk Ricing. Contoh Terminal Emulator ada banyak sekali, misalnya rxvt-unicode (urxvt), xfce4-terminal pada XFCE, termite, simple terminal (st), kitty, dan masih banyak lagi. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:5","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Display Manager (Optional) Display Manager atau DM adalah program yang digunakan untuk masuk ke sesi GUI bagi sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Setelah masuk ke DM, kendali sepenuhnya diberikan kepada WM. DM menyediakan fitur seperti memilih sesi DE/WM yang akan digunakan, serta terdapat juga fitur reboot, halt, dan suspend. Meski sering digunakan karena kemudahannya bagi pengguna, tetapi tidak sedikit pula orang yang menggunakan sistem operasi GNU/Linux tanpa DM. Biasanya mereka menggunakan startx langsung (xorg-xinit). Contoh DM adalah lightdm, gdm milik GNOME, dan slim. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:6","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Window Compositor (Optional) Compositor adalah program yang berfungsi untuk mengatur animasi seperti bayangan dan tranparansi pada WM. Contohnya adalah compton, lalu penerusnya yaitu picom. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:2:7","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Alasan memilih WM daripada DE Dari semua penjelasan diatas, mengapa saya lebih memilih WM dengan custom environment, daripada DE yang sudah lengkap (instant) tinggal digunakan? Seringkali banyak yang bilang Ribet sekali jadi orang! Ada beberapa alasan mengapa menggunakan WM lebih baik daripada menggunakan DE (menurut saya). Ingin belajar lebih dalam mengenai workflow desktop pada sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Mengetahui bahwa GUI pada sistem operasi GNU/Linux dapat diminimalisir komponen-komponen penyusunnya (dependencies), karena banyak sekali komponen yang tidak pernah saya perlukan pada DE namun sudah pre-installed. Dengan alasan nomor 2 jelas sekali bahwa WM akan sangat ringan dan tidak menyita banyak resources seperti RAM dan processor. Kebebasan memilih komponen penyusun desktop seperti yang saya sudah jelaskan di atas. System Monitoringhtop \" System Monitoring ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:3:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Apa yang saya gunakan? Karena saya masih terbiasa dengan WM jenis stacking yang terkesan normal, serta dikarenakan resolusi layar minim (1600 x 900). Berbeda dengan WM tiling yang lebih dioptimalkan untuk developer dengan layar lebarnya. Saya memutuskan memilih openbox dengan segala kesederhanaanya serta dukungan yang luas. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:4:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Penutup Cukup rumit dan membingungkan bukan? Bagi pemula biasanya akan lebih mudah untuk memulai dari menggunakan dotfiles milik orang lain. Dengan begitu kita tidak terlalu banyak melakukan konfigurasi dari dasar, dan tidak perlu membuat theme, icon hingga artwork sendiri. Setelah merasa cukup familiar dengan environment tersebut barulah mencoba membangun environment kalian sendiri. Jika sudah merasa mampu menyusun dokumentasi environment dengan baik, maka lanjutkan belajar membuat dotfiles sendiri. Selama proses belajar, tak perlu malu untuk berbagi screenshot ke komunitas seperti Linuxer Desktop Art, atau Dotfiles Indonesia untuk meminta pendapat dari sesama pegiat Desktop Ricing. ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:5:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["GNU/Linux"],"content":"Referensi 0xlt.me dwarmstrong.org/openbox devpy.me/your-guide-to-a-comfortable-linux-desktop-with-openbox openbox.org addy-dclxvi.github.io bandithijo.github.io wiki.archlinux.org/Desktop_environment Linuxer Desktop Art Dotfiles Indonesia ","date":"2020-12-14","objectID":"/membahas-linux-ricing/:6:0","tags":["Customization","Tweaks","Environment"],"title":"Membahas Linux Ricing","uri":"/membahas-linux-ricing/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"This article shows the basic Markdown syntax and format.","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"This initial article offers a sample of basic Markdown syntax that can be used in Hugo content files. In the future, this article will be the basic guide in writing the other posts on this blog. Note This article is a shameful copy of the great Grav original page. Let’s face it: Writing content for the Web is tiresome. WYSIWYG editors help alleviate this task, but they generally result in horrible code, or worse yet, ugly web pages. Markdown is a better way to write HTML, without all the complexities and ugliness that usually accompanies it. Some of the key benefits are: Markdown is simple to learn, with minimal extra characters, so it’s also quicker to write content. Less chance of errors when writing in Markdown. Produces valid XHTML output. Keeps the content and the visual display separate, so you cannot mess up the look of your site. Write in any text editor or Markdown application you like. Markdown is a joy to use! John Gruber, the author of Markdown, puts it like this: The overriding design goal for Markdown’s formatting syntax is to make it as readable as possible. The idea is that a Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking like it’s been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While Markdown’s syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML filters, the single biggest source of inspiration for Markdown’s syntax is the format of plain text email. – John Gruber Without further delay, let us go over the main elements of Markdown and what the resulting HTML looks like! Tip  Bookmark this page for easy future reference! ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:0:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"1 Headings Headings from h2 through h6 are constructed with a # for each level: ## h2 Heading ### h3 Heading #### h4 Heading ##### h5 Heading ###### h6 Heading The HTML looks like this: \u003ch2\u003eh2 Heading\u003c/h2\u003e \u003ch3\u003eh3 Heading\u003c/h3\u003e \u003ch4\u003eh4 Heading\u003c/h4\u003e \u003ch5\u003eh5 Heading\u003c/h5\u003e \u003ch6\u003eh6 Heading\u003c/h6\u003e Heading IDs To add a custom heading ID, enclose the custom ID in curly braces on the same line as the heading: ### A Great Heading {#custom-id} The HTML looks like this: \u003ch3 id=\"custom-id\"\u003eA Great Heading\u003c/h3\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:1:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"2 Comments Comments should be HTML compatible. \u003c!-- This is a comment --\u003e Comment below should NOT be seen: ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:2:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"3 Horizontal Rules The HTML \u003chr\u003e element is for creating a “thematic break” between paragraph-level elements. In Markdown, you can create a \u003chr\u003e with any of the following: ___: three consecutive underscores ---: three consecutive dashes ***: three consecutive asterisks The rendered output looks like this: ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:3:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"4 Body Copy Body copy written as normal, plain text will be wrapped with \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e tags in the rendered HTML. So this body copy: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, graecis denique ei vel, at duo primis mandamus. Et legere ocurreret pri, animal tacimates complectitur ad cum. Cu eum inermis inimicus efficiendi. Labore officiis his ex, soluta officiis concludaturque ei qui, vide sensibus vim ad. The HTML looks like this: \u003cp\u003eLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, graecis denique ei vel, at duo primis mandamus. Et legere ocurreret pri, animal tacimates complectitur ad cum. Cu eum inermis inimicus efficiendi. Labore officiis his ex, soluta officiis concludaturque ei qui, vide sensibus vim ad.\u003c/p\u003e A line break can be done with one blank line. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:4:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"5 Inline HTML If you need a certain HTML tag (with a class) you can simply use HTML: Paragraph in Markdown. \u003cdiv class=\"class\"\u003e This is \u003cb\u003eHTML\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/div\u003e Paragraph in Markdown. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:5:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"6 Emphasis ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:6:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Bold For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight. The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text. **rendered as bold text** __rendered as bold text__ The HTML looks like this: \u003cstrong\u003erendered as bold text\u003c/strong\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:6:1","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Italics For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics. The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text. *rendered as italicized text* _rendered as italicized text_ The HTML looks like this: \u003cem\u003erendered as italicized text\u003c/em\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:6:2","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Strikethrough In GFMGitHub flavored Markdown you can do strikethroughs. ~~Strike through this text.~~ The rendered output looks like this: Strike through this text. The HTML looks like this: \u003cdel\u003eStrike through this text.\u003c/del\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:6:3","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Combination Bold, italics, and strikethrough can be used in combination. ***bold and italics*** ~~**strikethrough and bold**~~ ~~*strikethrough and italics*~~ ~~***bold, italics and strikethrough***~~ The rendered output looks like this: bold and italics strikethrough and bold strikethrough and italics bold, italics and strikethrough The HTML looks like this: \u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebold and italics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cdel\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estrikethrough and bold\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/del\u003e \u003cdel\u003e\u003cem\u003estrikethrough and italics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/del\u003e \u003cdel\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebold, italics and strikethrough\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/del\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:6:4","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"7 Blockquotes For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document. Add \u003e before any text you want to quote: \u003e **Fusion Drive** combines a hard drive with a flash storage (solid-state drive) and presents it as a single logical volume with the space of both drives combined. The rendered output looks like this: Fusion Drive combines a hard drive with a flash storage (solid-state drive) and presents it as a single logical volume with the space of both drives combined. The HTML looks like this: \u003cblockquote\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFusion Drive\u003c/strong\u003e combines a hard drive with a flash storage (solid-state drive) and presents it as a single logical volume with the space of both drives combined. \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/blockquote\u003e Blockquotes can also be nested: \u003e Donec massa lacus, ultricies a ullamcorper in, fermentum sed augue. Nunc augue augue, aliquam non hendrerit ac, commodo vel nisi. \u003e\u003e Sed adipiscing elit vitae augue consectetur a gravida nunc vehicula. Donec auctor odio non est accumsan facilisis. Aliquam id turpis in dolor tincidunt mollis ac eu diam. The rendered output looks like this: Donec massa lacus, ultricies a ullamcorper in, fermentum sed augue. Nunc augue augue, aliquam non hendrerit ac, commodo vel nisi. Sed adipiscing elit vitae augue consectetur a gravida nunc vehicula. Donec auctor odio non est accumsan facilisis. Aliquam id turpis in dolor tincidunt mollis ac eu diam. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:7:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"8 Lists ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:8:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Unordered A list of items in which the order of the items does not explicitly matter. You may use any of the following symbols to denote bullets for each list item: * valid bullet - valid bullet + valid bullet For example: * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet * Consectetur adipiscing elit * Integer molestie lorem at massa * Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet * Nulla volutpat aliquam velit * Phasellus iaculis neque * Purus sodales ultricies * Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem * Ac tristique libero volutpat at * Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel * Aenean sit amet erat nunc * Eget porttitor lorem The rendered output looks like this: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet Consectetur adipiscing elit Integer molestie lorem at massa Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet Nulla volutpat aliquam velit Phasellus iaculis neque Purus sodales ultricies Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem Ac tristique libero volutpat at Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel Aenean sit amet erat nunc Eget porttitor lorem The HTML looks like this: \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eLorem ipsum dolor sit amet\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConsectetur adipiscing elit\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eInteger molestie lorem at massa\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFacilisis in pretium nisl aliquet\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNulla volutpat aliquam velit \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePhasellus iaculis neque\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePurus sodales ultricies\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eVestibulum laoreet porttitor sem\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAc tristique libero volutpat at\u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFaucibus porta lacus fringilla vel\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAenean sit amet erat nunc\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEget porttitor lorem\u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:8:1","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Ordered A list of items in which the order of items does explicitly matter. 1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet 2. Consectetur adipiscing elit 3. Integer molestie lorem at massa 4. Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet 5. Nulla volutpat aliquam velit 6. Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel 7. Aenean sit amet erat nunc 8. Eget porttitor lorem The rendered output looks like this: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet Consectetur adipiscing elit Integer molestie lorem at massa Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet Nulla volutpat aliquam velit Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel Aenean sit amet erat nunc Eget porttitor lorem The HTML looks like this: \u003col\u003e \u003cli\u003eLorem ipsum dolor sit amet\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConsectetur adipiscing elit\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eInteger molestie lorem at massa\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFacilisis in pretium nisl aliquet\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNulla volutpat aliquam velit\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFaucibus porta lacus fringilla vel\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAenean sit amet erat nunc\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEget porttitor lorem\u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e Tip If you just use 1. for each number, Markdown will automatically number each item. For example: 1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet 1. Consectetur adipiscing elit 1. Integer molestie lorem at massa 1. Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet 1. Nulla volutpat aliquam velit 1. Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel 1. Aenean sit amet erat nunc 1. Eget porttitor lorem The rendered output looks like this: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet Consectetur adipiscing elit Integer molestie lorem at massa Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet Nulla volutpat aliquam velit Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel Aenean sit amet erat nunc Eget porttitor lorem ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:8:2","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Task Lists Task lists allow you to create a list of items with checkboxes. To create a task list, add dashes (-) and brackets with a space ([ ]) before task list items. To select a checkbox, add an x in between the brackets ([x]). The rendered output looks like this: Write the press release Update the website Contact the media ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:8:3","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"9 Code ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:9:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Inline Code Wrap inline snippets of code with `. In this example, `\u003csection\u003e\u003c/section\u003e` should be wrapped as **code**. The rendered output looks like this: In this example, \u003csection\u003e\u003c/section\u003e should be wrapped as code. The HTML looks like this: \u003cp\u003e In this example, \u003ccode\u003e\u0026lt;section\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/section\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e should be wrapped with \u003cstrong\u003ecode\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:9:1","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Indented Code Or indent several lines of code by at least four spaces, as in: // Some comments line 1 of code line 2 of code line 3 of code The rendered output looks like this: // Some comments line 1 of code line 2 of code line 3 of code The HTML looks like this: \u003cpre\u003e \u003ccode\u003e // Some comments line 1 of code line 2 of code line 3 of code \u003c/code\u003e \u003c/pre\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:9:2","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Block Fenced Code Use “fences” ``` to block in multiple lines of code with a language attribute. ```markdown Sample text here... ``` The HTML looks like this: \u003cpre language-html\u003e \u003ccode\u003eSample text here...\u003c/code\u003e \u003c/pre\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:9:3","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Syntax Highlighting GFMGitHub Flavored Markdown also supports syntax highlighting. To activate it, simply add the file extension of the language you want to use directly after the first code “fence”, ```js, and syntax highlighting will automatically be applied in the rendered HTML. For example, to apply syntax highlighting to JavaScript code: ```js grunt.initConfig({ assemble: { options: { assets: 'docs/assets', data: 'src/data/*.{json,yml}', helpers: 'src/custom-helpers.js', partials: ['src/partials/**/*.{hbs,md}'] }, pages: { options: { layout: 'default.hbs' }, files: { './': ['src/templates/pages/index.hbs'] } } } }; ``` The rendered output looks like this: grunt.initConfig({ assemble: { options: { assets: 'docs/assets', data: 'src/data/*.{json,yml}', helpers: 'src/custom-helpers.js', partials: ['src/partials/**/*.{hbs,md}'] }, pages: { options: { layout: 'default.hbs' }, files: { './': ['src/templates/pages/index.hbs'] } } } }; Note Syntax highlighting page in Hugo Docs introduces more about syntax highlighting, including highlight shortcode. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:9:4","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"10 Tables Tables are created by adding pipes as dividers between each cell, and by adding a line of dashes (also separated by bars) beneath the header. Note that the pipes do not need to be vertically aligned. | Option | Description | | ------ | ----------- | | data | path to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates. | | engine | engine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default. | | ext | extension to be used for dest files. | The rendered output looks like this: Option Description data path to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates. engine engine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default. ext extension to be used for dest files. The HTML looks like this: \u003ctable\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth\u003eOption\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003edata\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003epath to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates.\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003eengine\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eengine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default.\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003eext\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eextension to be used for dest files.\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/table\u003e Right or center aligned text Adding a colon on the right side of the dashes below any heading will right align text for that column. Adding colons on both sides of the dashes below any heading will center align text for that column. | Option | Description | |:------:| -----------:| | data | path to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates. | | engine | engine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default. | | ext | extension to be used for dest files. | The rendered output looks like this: Option Description data path to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates. engine engine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default. ext extension to be used for dest files. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:10:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"11 Links ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:11:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Basic Link \u003chttps://assemble.io\u003e \u003ccontact@revolunet.com\u003e [Assemble](https://assemble.io) The rendered output looks like this (hover over the link, there is no tooltip): https://assemble.io contact@revolunet.com Assemble The HTML looks like this: \u003ca href=\"https://assemble.io\"\u003ehttps://assemble.io\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"mailto:contact@revolunet.com\"\u003econtact@revolunet.com\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://assemble.io\"\u003eAssemble\u003c/a\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:11:1","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Add a Title [Upstage](https://github.com/upstage/ \"Visit Upstage!\") The rendered output looks like this (hover over the link, there should be a tooltip): Upstage The HTML looks like this: \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/upstage/\" title=\"Visit Upstage!\"\u003eUpstage\u003c/a\u003e ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:11:2","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"Named Anchors Named anchors enable you to jump to the specified anchor point on the same page. For example, each of these chapters: ## Table of Contents * [Chapter 1](#chapter-1) * [Chapter 2](#chapter-2) * [Chapter 3](#chapter-3) will jump to these sections: ## Chapter 1 \u003ca id=\"chapter-1\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Content for chapter one. ## Chapter 2 \u003ca id=\"chapter-2\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Content for chapter one. ## Chapter 3 \u003ca id=\"chapter-3\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Content for chapter one. Note The specific placement of the anchor tag seems to be arbitrary. They are placed inline here since it seems to be unobtrusive, and it works. ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:11:3","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"12 Footnotes Footnotes allow you to add notes and references without cluttering the body of the document. When you create a footnote, a superscript number with a link appears where you added the footnote reference. Readers can click the link to jump to the content of the footnote at the bottom of the page. To create a footnote reference, add a caret and an identifier inside brackets ([^1]). Identifiers can be numbers or words, but they can’t contain spaces or tabs. Identifiers only correlate the footnote reference with the footnote itself — in the output, footnotes are numbered sequentially. Add the footnote using another caret and number inside brackets with a colon and text ([^1]: My footnote.). You don’t have to put footnotes at the end of the document. You can put them anywhere except inside other elements like lists, block quotes, and tables. This is a digital footnote[^1]. This is a footnote with \"label\"[^label] [^1]: This is a digital footnote [^label]: This is a footnote with \"label\" This is a digital footnote1. This is a footnote with “label”2 ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:12:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"},{"categories":["Blog"],"content":"13 Images Images have a similar syntax to links but include a preceding exclamation point. ![Minion](https://octodex.github.com/images/minion.png) or: ![Alt text](https://octodex.github.com/images/stormtroopocat.jpg \"The Stormtroopocat\") The StormtroopocatAlt text \" The Stormtroopocat Like links, images also have a footnote style syntax: ![Alt text][id] The DojocatAlt text \" The Dojocat With a reference later in the document defining the URL location: [id]: https://octodex.github.com/images/dojocat.jpg \"The Dojocat\" This is a digital footnote ↩︎ This is a footnote with “label” ↩︎ ","date":"2020-12-12","objectID":"/basic-markdown-syntax/:13:0","tags":["Documentation","Markdown","HTML"],"title":"Basic Markdown Syntax","uri":"/basic-markdown-syntax/"}]
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-Membahas Linux Ricing - Anwar's Blog
 
Posts Categories About 
+Membahas Linux Ricing - Anwar's Blog
 
Posts Categories About 
 
 
Contents
Membahas Linux Ricing
anwareset included in GNU/Linux
   894 words 
- 5 minutes 
/membahas-linux-ricing/cover.jpg
Contents
+ 5 minutes 
/membahas-linux-ricing/cover.jpg
Istilah rice/ricing pasti tidak asing lagi bagi orang yang suka mengkustomisasi desktop sistem operasi Unix-like, khususnya pada GNU/Linux yang aktivitasnya biasa disebut “Ricing / Linux Rice”. Mereka gemar berdiskusi di komunitas reddit dan grup Linuxer Desktop Art di Facebook, serta grup Dotfiles Indonesia di Telegram untuk sharing atau hanya sekedar melihat-lihat indahnya sistem operasi unix-like.
/membahas-linux-ricing/arch-chan.png
Arch-Chan
Pengenalan “Linux Rice”
Pertama-tama saya akan sedikit menjelaskan mengenai apa yang disebut “Linux Rice”. Linux Rice berasal dari 2 kata “Linux” yaitu sistem operasi GNU/Linux itu sendiri dan “Rice” yaitu beras. Bukan! yang dimaksud “Rice” disini bukanlah beras yang biasa kita makan, tapi akronim dari “Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements”.
Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements. (R.I.C.E.) adalah istilah yang merujuk pada mobil sport buatan Asia (biasanya Honda Civic) yang memiliki banyak modifikasi kosmetik dan sedikit atau tanpa modifikasi internal. Intinya disini kata “Rice” awalnya digunakan untuk modifikasi pada mobil.
/membahas-linux-ricing/car-rice.jpg
Race Inspired Cosmetic Enhancements (R.I.C.E.)
Apa hubungannya modifikasi mobil dengan sistem operasi GNU/Linux? Dari sini jelas bahwa kata “Rice” artinya modifikasi, kemudian istilah tersebut diserap oleh mereka yang gemar memodifikasi tampilan desktop di sistem operasi GNU/Linux menjadi “Ricing”.
Komponen dasar dalam Ricing
Ada banyak sekali cara untuk mengkustomisasi desktop di sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Dimulai dari pengenalan sebuah Window Manager atau disingkat WM.
Window Manager
Window Manager adalah sistem perangkat lunak yang mengontrol tata letak dan tampilan window dalam sistem windowing yang merupakan salah satu dari komponen Desktop Environment pada GUI.
WM sendiri dibagi menjadi 3 jenis.
  1. Stacking adalah Window Manager yang sistem window-nya bertumpuk antara satu dengan yang lain. Kita biasa merasakan workflow WM jenis ini misalnya pada DE GNOME3 yang menggunakan Mutter dan KDE yang menggunakan Kwin. Namun tidak semua WM dapat berdiri sendiri (standalone) contoh yang WM yang dapat berdiri sendiri dengan mudahnya adalah openbox, fluxbox, hingga xfwm pada DE XFCE.
  2. Tiling adalah Window Manager yang sistem window-nya tersusun kotak-kotak antara satu dengan lainnya secara otomatis meskipun masih terdapat sistem floating/stacking, disebut tiling karena memiliki workflow seperti susunan ubin. Contohnya i3wm, dan bspwm.
  3. Dynamic. Seperti pada namanya, jenis Window Manager ini dapat berganti-ganti diantara Stacking maupun Tiling sesuai selera pengguna. Contohnya dwm dan awesomewm.
Panel / Bar / Dock
Panel / Bar / Dock adalah program yang digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi baterai, daftar aplikasi yang dibuka, system tray, dan waktu. Jika pada sistem operasi Micros*ft Wind*ws, kita biasa menyebutnya Taskbar. Di GNU/Linux contohnya adalah plank, tint2, polybar, dzen2, dan lemonbar.
Application Launcher
Application Launcher adalah program yang digunakan untuk membuka atau menjalankan suatu program selain menggunakan Terminal Emulator. Contohnya adalah dmenu lalu ada penggantinya yang lebih menawarkan banyak fitur, yaitu rofi.
Notification Daemon
Notification Daemon (lebih suka saya sebut sebagai Notify Daemon) adalah program yang digunakan sebagai penampil notifikasi. Contohnya adalah dunst, xfce4-notifyd milik XFCE, dll.
Terminal Emulator
Terminal Emulator adalah program yang digunakan untuk berinteraksi dengan sesi Unix Shell seperti mengatur sistem, hingga menjalankan program, dengan mengetikkan perintah berbasis teks (CLI). TE merupakan komponen terpenting digunakan untuk Ricing. Contoh Terminal Emulator ada banyak sekali, misalnya rxvt-unicode (urxvt), xfce4-terminal pada XFCE, termite, simple terminal (st), kitty, dan masih banyak lagi.
Display Manager (Optional)
Display Manager atau DM adalah program yang digunakan untuk masuk ke sesi GUI bagi sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Setelah masuk ke DM, kendali sepenuhnya diberikan kepada WM. DM menyediakan fitur seperti memilih sesi DE/WM yang akan digunakan, serta terdapat juga fitur reboot, halt, dan suspend. Meski sering digunakan karena kemudahannya bagi pengguna, tetapi tidak sedikit pula orang yang menggunakan sistem operasi GNU/Linux tanpa DM. Biasanya mereka menggunakan startx langsung (xorg-xinit). Contoh DM adalah lightdm, gdm milik GNOME, dan slim.
Window Compositor (Optional)
Compositor adalah program yang berfungsi untuk mengatur animasi seperti bayangan dan tranparansi pada WM. Contohnya adalah compton, lalu penerusnya yaitu picom.
Alasan memilih WM daripada DE
Dari semua penjelasan diatas, mengapa saya lebih memilih WM dengan custom environment, daripada DE yang sudah lengkap (instant) tinggal digunakan? Seringkali banyak yang bilang Ribet sekali jadi orang!
Ada beberapa alasan mengapa menggunakan WM lebih baik daripada menggunakan DE (menurut saya).
  1. Ingin belajar lebih dalam mengenai workflow desktop pada sistem operasi GNU/Linux.
  2. Mengetahui bahwa GUI pada sistem operasi GNU/Linux dapat diminimalisir komponen-komponen penyusunnya (dependencies), karena banyak sekali komponen yang tidak pernah saya perlukan pada DE namun sudah pre-installed.
  3. Dengan alasan nomor 2 jelas sekali bahwa WM akan sangat ringan dan tidak menyita banyak resources seperti RAM dan processor.
  4. Kebebasan memilih komponen penyusun desktop seperti yang saya sudah jelaskan di atas.
/membahas-linux-ricing/htop.png
System Monitoring
Apa yang saya gunakan?
Karena saya masih terbiasa dengan WM jenis stacking yang terkesan normal, serta dikarenakan resolusi layar minim (1600 x 900). Berbeda dengan WM tiling yang lebih dioptimalkan untuk developer dengan layar lebarnya. Saya memutuskan memilih openbox dengan segala kesederhanaanya serta dukungan yang luas.
Penutup
Cukup rumit dan membingungkan bukan? Bagi pemula biasanya akan lebih mudah untuk memulai dari menggunakan dotfiles milik orang lain. Dengan begitu kita tidak terlalu banyak melakukan konfigurasi dari dasar, dan tidak perlu membuat theme, icon hingga artwork sendiri. Setelah merasa cukup familiar dengan environment tersebut barulah mencoba membangun environment kalian sendiri. Jika sudah merasa mampu menyusun dokumentasi environment dengan baik, maka lanjutkan belajar membuat dotfiles sendiri. Selama proses belajar, tak perlu malu untuk berbagi screenshot ke komunitas seperti Linuxer Desktop Art, atau Dotfiles Indonesia untuk meminta pendapat dari sesama pegiat Desktop Ricing.
Referensi
Updated on 2020-12-14
 Customization, Tweaks, Environment
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