A file system is a hierarchical structure of files and directories. Some important directory of UNIX filesystem is given below...!
- / : The slash / character alone denotes the root of the filesystem tree.
- /bin : Stands for “binaries” and contains certain fundamental utilities, such as ls or cp, which are generally needed by all users.
- /home : Contains the home directories for the users.
- /usr : Originally the directory holding user home directories
UNIX command, their syntax and usage can be easily found on the internet. Some useful UNIX commands...
- man command : prints manual of the command
- ls : lists your files and directories
- ls -a : lists all files, including the ones whose filenames begin in a dot
- cp filename1 filename2 : copies a file
- rm filename : removes a file.
- chmod options filename : lets you change the read, write, and execute permissions on your files.
- mkdir dirname : make a new directory
- cd dirname : change directory
- pwd : tells you where you currently are
Vim is a text editor for Unix. We can install vim by using
sudo apt-get vim and to open a file, type vim <filename> . Vim has 12 different editing modes, 6 of which are variants of the 6 basic modes. The most used and default mode is normal mode.
Vim command and their usage...
When you’re in command mode,
- h moves the cursor one character to the left.
- j moves the cursor down one line.
- k moves the cursor up one line.
- l moves the cursor one character to the right.
- 0 moves the cursor to the beginning of the line.
- $ moves the cursor to the end of the line.
- w move forward one word.
- b move backward one word.
- G move to the end of the file.
- gg move to the beginning of the file.
If you’re in insert mode, hit Escape. Then enter : and you’ll see a line at the bottom of the screen with a cursor ready to take input.
- :q! exit without saving
- :w save
- :wq or :x save and exit