[7.5.0] Add --inject_repository and fix crash on overridden non-existent repo

[bazel-io]

Forked from #23791

[bazel-io]

Cherry-pick was attempted but there were merge conflicts in the following file(s). Please resolve manually.

src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleFileFunction.java
src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleFileGlobals.java
src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/BUILD
src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/analysis/util/AnalysisTestCase.java
src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/pkgcache/IncrementalLoadingTest.java
src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/testutil/BUILD
src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/BUILD
src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/ContainingPackageLookupFunctionTest.java
src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PackageLookupFunctionTest.java
src/test/shell/integration/aspect_test.sh

cc: @bazelbuild/triage

[iancha1992]

Cherry-pick was attempted but there were merge conflicts in the following file(s). Please resolve manually.

src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleFileFunction.java src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleFileGlobals.java src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/BUILD src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/analysis/util/AnalysisTestCase.java src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/pkgcache/IncrementalLoadingTest.java src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/testutil/BUILD src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/BUILD src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/ContainingPackageLookupFunctionTest.java src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PackageLookupFunctionTest.java src/test/shell/integration/aspect_test.sh

cc: @bazelbuild/triage

cc: @fmeum @Wyverald @meteorcloudy

[fmeum]

That looks unrealistic to resolve.