diff --git a/caffeine/src/main/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/CacheStats.java b/caffeine/src/main/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/CacheStats.java
index cac89ac5ca..48162fbbf2 100644
--- a/caffeine/src/main/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/CacheStats.java
+++ b/caffeine/src/main/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/CacheStats.java
@@ -53,12 +53,16 @@
  * A lookup is specifically defined as an invocation of one of the methods
  * {@link LoadingCache#get(Object)}, {@link Cache#get(Object, java.util.function.Function)}, or
  * {@link LoadingCache#getAll(Iterable)}.
+ * <p>
+ * This is a <em>value-based</em> class; use of identity-sensitive operations (including reference
+ * equality ({@code ==}), identity hash code, or synchronization) on instances of {@code CacheStats}
+ * may have unpredictable results and should be avoided.
  *
  * @author ben.manes@gmail.com (Ben Manes)
  */
 @Immutable
 public final class CacheStats {
-  private static final CacheStats EMPTY_STATS = new CacheStats(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+  private static final CacheStats EMPTY_STATS = CacheStats.of(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
 
   private final long hitCount;
   private final long missCount;
@@ -100,6 +104,7 @@ public CacheStats(@NonNegative long hitCount, @NonNegative long missCount,
    * @param evictionCount the number of entries evicted from the cache
    * @param evictionWeight the sum of weights of entries evicted from the cache
    */
+  @Deprecated
   public CacheStats(@NonNegative long hitCount, @NonNegative long missCount,
       @NonNegative long loadSuccessCount, @NonNegative long loadFailureCount,
       @NonNegative long totalLoadTime, @NonNegative long evictionCount,
@@ -117,6 +122,27 @@ public CacheStats(@NonNegative long hitCount, @NonNegative long missCount,
     this.evictionWeight = evictionWeight;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns a {@code CacheStats} representing the specified statistics.
+   *
+   * @param hitCount the number of cache hits
+   * @param missCount the number of cache misses
+   * @param loadSuccessCount the number of successful cache loads
+   * @param loadFailureCount the number of failed cache loads
+   * @param totalLoadTime the total load time (success and failure)
+   * @param evictionCount the number of entries evicted from the cache
+   * @param evictionWeight the sum of weights of entries evicted from the cache
+   */
+  public static CacheStats of(@NonNegative long hitCount, @NonNegative long missCount,
+      @NonNegative long loadSuccessCount, @NonNegative long loadFailureCount,
+      @NonNegative long totalLoadTime, @NonNegative long evictionCount,
+      @NonNegative long evictionWeight) {
+    // Many parameters of the same type in a row is a bad thing, but this class is not constructed
+    // by end users and is too fine-grained for a builder.
+    return new CacheStats(hitCount, missCount, loadSuccessCount,
+        loadFailureCount, totalLoadTime, evictionCount, evictionWeight);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns a statistics instance where no cache events have been recorded.
    *
@@ -317,7 +343,7 @@ public long evictionWeight() {
    */
   @NonNull
   public CacheStats minus(@NonNull CacheStats other) {
-    return new CacheStats(
+    return CacheStats.of(
         Math.max(0L, saturatedSubtract(hitCount, other.hitCount)),
         Math.max(0L, saturatedSubtract(missCount, other.missCount)),
         Math.max(0L, saturatedSubtract(loadSuccessCount, other.loadSuccessCount)),
@@ -340,7 +366,7 @@ public CacheStats minus(@NonNull CacheStats other) {
    */
   @NonNull
   public CacheStats plus(@NonNull CacheStats other) {
-    return new CacheStats(
+    return CacheStats.of(
         saturatedAdd(hitCount, other.hitCount),
         saturatedAdd(missCount, other.missCount),
         saturatedAdd(loadSuccessCount, other.loadSuccessCount),
diff --git a/caffeine/src/main/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/ConcurrentStatsCounter.java b/caffeine/src/main/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/ConcurrentStatsCounter.java
index 4069a750bb..d61be562c5 100644
--- a/caffeine/src/main/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/ConcurrentStatsCounter.java
+++ b/caffeine/src/main/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/ConcurrentStatsCounter.java
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public void recordEviction(int weight, RemovalCause cause) {
 
   @Override
   public CacheStats snapshot() {
-    return new CacheStats(
+    return CacheStats.of(
         negativeToMaxValue(hitCount.sum()),
         negativeToMaxValue(missCount.sum()),
         negativeToMaxValue(loadSuccessCount.sum()),
diff --git a/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/CacheTest.java b/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/CacheTest.java
index eb1d4939b0..cb63aff7d5 100644
--- a/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/CacheTest.java
+++ b/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/CacheTest.java
@@ -852,9 +852,9 @@ public void serialize(Cache<Integer, Integer> cache, CacheContext context) {
   @Test(dataProvider = "caches")
   public void stats(Cache<Integer, Integer> cache, CacheContext context) {
     CacheStats stats = cache.stats()
-        .plus(new CacheStats(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
-        .minus(new CacheStats(6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)));
-    assertThat(stats, is(new CacheStats(0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 5, 7)));
+        .plus(CacheStats.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
+        .minus(CacheStats.of(6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)));
+    assertThat(stats, is(CacheStats.of(0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 5, 7)));
     assertThat(cache.policy().isRecordingStats(), is(context.isRecordingStats()));
   }
 
diff --git a/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/CacheStatsTest.java b/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/CacheStatsTest.java
index 3489fe467b..3faec84eb6 100644
--- a/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/CacheStatsTest.java
+++ b/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/CacheStatsTest.java
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ public final class CacheStatsTest {
   @Test(dataProvider = "badArgs", expectedExceptions = IllegalArgumentException.class)
   public void invalid(int hitCount, int missCount, int loadSuccessCount, int loadFailureCount,
       int totalLoadTime, int evictionCount, int evictionWeight) {
-    new CacheStats(hitCount, missCount, loadSuccessCount,
+    CacheStats.of(hitCount, missCount, loadSuccessCount,
         loadFailureCount, totalLoadTime, evictionCount, evictionWeight);
   }
 
   @Test
   public void empty() {
-    CacheStats stats = new CacheStats(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    CacheStats stats = CacheStats.of(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
     checkStats(stats, 0, 0, 1.0, 0, 0.0, 0, 0, 0.0, 0, 0, 0.0, 0, 0);
 
     assertThat(stats, is(equalTo(CacheStats.empty())));
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public void empty() {
 
   @Test
   public void populated() {
-    CacheStats stats = new CacheStats(11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 54);
+    CacheStats stats = CacheStats.of(11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 54);
     checkStats(stats, 24, 11, 11.0/24, 13, 13.0/24,
         17, 19, 19.0/36, 17 + 19, 23, 23.0/(17 + 19), 27, 54);
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public void populated() {
     assertThat(stats.hashCode(), is(not(CacheStats.empty().hashCode())));
     assertThat(stats, hasToString(not(CacheStats.empty().toString())));
 
-    CacheStats expected = new CacheStats(11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 54);
+    CacheStats expected = CacheStats.of(11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 54);
     assertThat(stats, is(equalTo(expected)));
     assertThat(stats.hashCode(), is(expected.hashCode()));
     assertThat(stats, hasToString(expected.toString()));
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ public void populated() {
 
   @Test
   public void minus() {
-    CacheStats one = new CacheStats(11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 54);
-    CacheStats two = new CacheStats(53, 47, 43, 41, 37, 31, 62);
+    CacheStats one = CacheStats.of(11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 54);
+    CacheStats two = CacheStats.of(53, 47, 43, 41, 37, 31, 62);
 
     CacheStats diff = two.minus(one);
     checkStats(diff, 76, 42, 42.0 / 76, 34, 34.0 / 76,
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ public void minus() {
 
   @Test
   public void plus() {
-    CacheStats one = new CacheStats(11, 13, 15, 13, 11, 9, 18);
-    CacheStats two = new CacheStats(53, 47, 41, 39, 37, 35, 70);
+    CacheStats one = CacheStats.of(11, 13, 15, 13, 11, 9, 18);
+    CacheStats two = CacheStats.of(53, 47, 41, 39, 37, 35, 70);
 
     CacheStats sum = two.plus(one);
     checkStats(sum, 124, 64, 64.0 / 124, 60, 60.0 / 124,
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public void plus() {
 
   @Test
   public void overflow() {
-    CacheStats max = new CacheStats(Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE,
+    CacheStats max = CacheStats.of(Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE,
         Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
     checkStats(max.plus(max), Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, 1.0, Long.MAX_VALUE, 1.0,
         Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, 1.0, Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, 1.0,
diff --git a/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/StatsCounterTest.java b/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/StatsCounterTest.java
index 91313ae5e3..e646063e20 100644
--- a/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/StatsCounterTest.java
+++ b/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/stats/StatsCounterTest.java
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ public void disabled() {
     counter.recordEviction(1, RemovalCause.SIZE);
     counter.recordLoadSuccess(1);
     counter.recordLoadFailure(1);
-    assertThat(counter.snapshot(), is(new CacheStats(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)));
-    assertThat(counter.toString(), is(new CacheStats(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).toString()));
+    assertThat(counter.snapshot(), is(CacheStats.of(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)));
+    assertThat(counter.toString(), is(CacheStats.of(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).toString()));
 
     for (DisabledStatsCounter type : DisabledStatsCounter.values()) {
       assertThat(DisabledStatsCounter.valueOf(type.name()), is(counter));
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ public void enabled() {
     counter.recordEviction(1, RemovalCause.SIZE);
     counter.recordLoadSuccess(1);
     counter.recordLoadFailure(1);
-    CacheStats expected = new CacheStats(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 11);
+    CacheStats expected = CacheStats.of(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 11);
     assertThat(counter.snapshot(), is(expected));
     assertThat(counter.toString(), is(expected.toString()));
     assertThat(counter.snapshot().toString(), is(expected.toString()));
 
     counter.incrementBy(counter);
-    assertThat(counter.snapshot(), is(new CacheStats(2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 22)));
+    assertThat(counter.snapshot(), is(CacheStats.of(2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 22)));
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public void concurrent() {
       counter.recordLoadSuccess(1);
       counter.recordLoadFailure(1);
     });
-    assertThat(counter.snapshot(), is(new CacheStats(5, 5, 5, 5, 10, 10, 50)));
+    assertThat(counter.snapshot(), is(CacheStats.of(5, 5, 5, 5, 10, 10, 50)));
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public void guarded() {
     counter.recordEviction(1, RemovalCause.SIZE);
     counter.recordLoadSuccess(1);
     counter.recordLoadFailure(1);
-    CacheStats expected = new CacheStats(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 11);
+    CacheStats expected = CacheStats.of(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 11);
     assertThat(counter.snapshot(), is(expected));
     assertThat(counter.toString(), is(expected.toString()));
     assertThat(counter.snapshot().toString(), is(expected.toString()));
diff --git a/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/testing/GuavaCacheFromContext.java b/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/testing/GuavaCacheFromContext.java
index 245e55d414..176b9267a6 100644
--- a/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/testing/GuavaCacheFromContext.java
+++ b/caffeine/src/test/java/com/github/benmanes/caffeine/cache/testing/GuavaCacheFromContext.java
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ public long estimatedSize() {
     @Override
     public CacheStats stats() {
       com.google.common.cache.CacheStats stats = statsCounter.snapshot().plus(cache.stats());
-      return new CacheStats(stats.hitCount(), stats.missCount(), stats.loadSuccessCount(),
+      return CacheStats.of(stats.hitCount(), stats.missCount(), stats.loadSuccessCount(),
           stats.loadExceptionCount(), stats.totalLoadTime(), stats.evictionCount(), 0L);
     }
 
diff --git a/gradle/dependencies.gradle b/gradle/dependencies.gradle
index c48f47a1e9..67ea9b66e2 100644
--- a/gradle/dependencies.gradle
+++ b/gradle/dependencies.gradle
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ ext {
     nullaway: '0.7.9',
     ohc: '0.6.1',
     osgiComponentAnnotations: '1.4.0',
-    picocli: '4.6.0',
+    picocli: '4.6.1',
     slf4j: '1.7.30',
     tcache: '2.0.1',
     stream: '2.9.8',
diff --git a/guava/src/test/java/com/google/common/cache/AbstractCacheTest.java b/guava/src/test/java/com/google/common/cache/AbstractCacheTest.java
index 5224509c18..01765e2e54 100644
--- a/guava/src/test/java/com/google/common/cache/AbstractCacheTest.java
+++ b/guava/src/test/java/com/google/common/cache/AbstractCacheTest.java
@@ -128,6 +128,6 @@ public void testSimpleStatsIncrementBy() {
     }
 
     counter1.incrementBy(counter2);
-    assertEquals(new CacheStats(38, 60, 44, 54, totalLoadTime, 66, 66), counter1.snapshot());
+    assertEquals(CacheStats.of(38, 60, 44, 54, totalLoadTime, 66, 66), counter1.snapshot());
   }
 }
diff --git a/guava/src/test/java/com/google/common/cache/CacheStatsTest.java b/guava/src/test/java/com/google/common/cache/CacheStatsTest.java
index 49132bc034..d09655f847 100644
--- a/guava/src/test/java/com/google/common/cache/CacheStatsTest.java
+++ b/guava/src/test/java/com/google/common/cache/CacheStatsTest.java
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 public class CacheStatsTest extends TestCase {
 
   public void testEmpty() {
-    CacheStats stats = new CacheStats(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    CacheStats stats = CacheStats.of(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
     assertEquals(0, stats.requestCount());
     assertEquals(0, stats.hitCount());
     assertEquals(1.0, stats.hitRate());
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public void testEmpty() {
   }
 
   public void testSingle() {
-    CacheStats stats = new CacheStats(11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 54);
+    CacheStats stats = CacheStats.of(11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 54);
     assertEquals(24, stats.requestCount());
     assertEquals(11, stats.hitCount());
     assertEquals(11.0/24, stats.hitRate());
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ public void testSingle() {
   }
 
   public void testMinus() {
-    CacheStats one = new CacheStats(11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 54);
-    CacheStats two = new CacheStats(53, 47, 43, 41, 37, 31, 62);
+    CacheStats one = CacheStats.of(11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 54);
+    CacheStats two = CacheStats.of(53, 47, 43, 41, 37, 31, 62);
 
     CacheStats diff = two.minus(one);
     assertEquals(76, diff.requestCount());
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ public void testMinus() {
     assertEquals(4, diff.evictionCount());
     assertEquals(8, diff.evictionWeight());
 
-    assertEquals(new CacheStats(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), one.minus(two));
+    assertEquals(CacheStats.of(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), one.minus(two));
   }
 
   public void testPlus() {
-    CacheStats one = new CacheStats(11, 13, 15, 13, 11, 9, 18);
-    CacheStats two = new CacheStats(53, 47, 41, 39, 37, 35, 70);
+    CacheStats one = CacheStats.of(11, 13, 15, 13, 11, 9, 18);
+    CacheStats two = CacheStats.of(53, 47, 41, 39, 37, 35, 70);
 
     CacheStats sum = two.plus(one);
     assertEquals(124, sum.requestCount());
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ public void testPlus() {
 
   public void testPlusLarge() {
     CacheStats maxCacheStats =
-        new CacheStats(
+        CacheStats.of(
             Long.MAX_VALUE,
             Long.MAX_VALUE,
             Long.MAX_VALUE,
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public void testPlusLarge() {
             Long.MAX_VALUE,
             Long.MAX_VALUE,
             Long.MAX_VALUE);
-    CacheStats smallCacheStats = new CacheStats(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+    CacheStats smallCacheStats = CacheStats.of(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
 
     CacheStats sum = smallCacheStats.plus(maxCacheStats);
     assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, sum.requestCount());