diff --git a/app/admin/questions.rb b/app/admin/questions.rb
index ec9415f41..cc4ba10b2 100644
--- a/app/admin/questions.rb
+++ b/app/admin/questions.rb
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ def erreur_import(error)
 
     def redirection_apres_import
       redirection_paths = {
-        'QuestionClicDansImage' => admin_questions_clic_dans_image_path,
-        'QuestionGlisserDeposer' => admin_questions_glisser_deposer_path,
-        'QuestionQcm' => admin_question_qcms_path,
-        'QuestionSaisie' => admin_questions_saisies_path,
-        'QuestionSousConsigne' => admin_question_sous_consignes_path,
-        'QuestionClicDansTexte' => admin_questions_clic_dans_texte_path
+        QuestionClicDansImage.TYPE => admin_questions_clic_dans_image_path,
+        QuestionGlisserDeposer.TYPE => admin_questions_glisser_deposer_path,
+        QuestionQcm.TYPE => admin_question_qcms_path,
+        QuestionSaisie.TYPE => admin_questions_saisies_path,
+        QuestionSousConsigne.TYPE => admin_question_sous_consignes_path,
+        QuestionClicDansTexte.TYPE => admin_questions_clic_dans_texte_path
       }
 
       redirection_paths[params[:type]] || admin_questions_path
diff --git a/app/admin/questions_clic_dans_image.rb b/app/admin/questions_clic_dans_image.rb
index 805a78f11..403f34eae 100644
--- a/app/admin/questions_clic_dans_image.rb
+++ b/app/admin/questions_clic_dans_image.rb
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
   action_item :importer_question, only: :index do
     link_to 'Importer questions clic dans image',
-            admin_import_xls_path(type: 'QuestionClicDansImage')
+            admin_import_xls_path(type: QuestionClicDansImage.TYPE)
   end
 
   action_item :exporter_question, only: :show do
diff --git a/app/admin/questions_clic_dans_texte.rb b/app/admin/questions_clic_dans_texte.rb
index f5f399265..f22ccd531 100644
--- a/app/admin/questions_clic_dans_texte.rb
+++ b/app/admin/questions_clic_dans_texte.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
   action_item :importer_question, only: :index do
     link_to 'Importer questions Clic dans texte',
-            admin_import_xls_path(type: 'QuestionClicDansTexte')
+            admin_import_xls_path(type: QuestionClicDansTexte.TYPE)
   end
 
   action_item :exporter_question, only: :show do
diff --git a/app/admin/questions_glisser_deposer.rb b/app/admin/questions_glisser_deposer.rb
index 426cd9872..41d7b97ba 100644
--- a/app/admin/questions_glisser_deposer.rb
+++ b/app/admin/questions_glisser_deposer.rb
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
   action_item :importer_question, only: :index do
     link_to 'Importer questions glisser déposer',
-            admin_import_xls_path(type: 'QuestionGlisserDeposer')
+            admin_import_xls_path(type: QuestionGlisserDeposer.TYPE)
   end
 
   action_item :exporter_question, only: :show do
diff --git a/app/admin/questions_qcm.rb b/app/admin/questions_qcm.rb
index 3b00c107a..730d93b9e 100644
--- a/app/admin/questions_qcm.rb
+++ b/app/admin/questions_qcm.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   form partial: 'form'
 
   action_item :importer_question, only: :index do
-    link_to 'Importer questions QCM', admin_import_xls_path(type: 'QuestionQcm')
+    link_to 'Importer questions QCM', admin_import_xls_path(type: QuestionQcm.TYPE)
   end
 
   action_item :exporter_question, only: :show do
diff --git a/app/admin/questions_saisie.rb b/app/admin/questions_saisie.rb
index efdf9cd8b..7bf9552f0 100644
--- a/app/admin/questions_saisie.rb
+++ b/app/admin/questions_saisie.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
   filter :nom_technique
 
   action_item :importer_question, only: :index do
-    link_to 'Importer questions saisies', admin_import_xls_path(type: 'QuestionSaisie')
+    link_to 'Importer questions saisies', admin_import_xls_path(type: QuestionSaisie.TYPE)
   end
 
   action_item :exporter_question, only: :show do
diff --git a/app/admin/questions_sous_consigne.rb b/app/admin/questions_sous_consigne.rb
index c7415855a..5eecb80a1 100644
--- a/app/admin/questions_sous_consigne.rb
+++ b/app/admin/questions_sous_consigne.rb
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
   filter :nom_technique
 
   action_item :importer_question, only: :index do
-    link_to 'Importer questions sous consigne', admin_import_xls_path(type: 'QuestionSousConsigne')
+    link_to 'Importer questions sous consigne',
+            admin_import_xls_path(type: QuestionSousConsigne.TYPE)
   end
 
   action_item :exporter_question, only: :show do
diff --git a/app/models/import_export/questions/export.rb b/app/models/import_export/questions/export.rb
index 11e601460..6361bb628 100644
--- a/app/models/import_export/questions/export.rb
+++ b/app/models/import_export/questions/export.rb
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ def remplis_champs_additionnels
 
       def remplis_champs_specifiques
         case @question.type
-        when 'QuestionClicDansImage' then remplis_champs_clic_dans_image
-        when 'QuestionGlisserDeposer' then remplis_champs_glisser_deposer
+        when QuestionClicDansImage.TYPE then remplis_champs_clic_dans_image
+        when QuestionGlisserDeposer.TYPE then remplis_champs_glisser_deposer
         when 'QuestionQcm' then remplis_champs_qcm
-        when 'QuestionSaisie' then remplis_champs_saisie
-        when 'QuestionClicDansTexte' then remplis_champs_clic_dans_texte
+        when QuestionSaisie.TYPE then remplis_champs_saisie
+        when QuestionClicDansTexte.TYPE then remplis_champs_clic_dans_texte
         end
       end
 
diff --git a/app/models/import_export/questions/import.rb b/app/models/import_export/questions/import.rb
index b090a82fa..829877656 100644
--- a/app/models/import_export/questions/import.rb
+++ b/app/models/import_export/questions/import.rb
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@ def cree_transcription(categorie, audio_url, ecrit)
 
       def update_champs_specifiques
         updates = {
-          'QuestionClicDansImage' => :update_clic_dans_image,
-          'QuestionGlisserDeposer' => :update_glisser_deposer,
-          'QuestionQcm' => :update_qcm,
-          'QuestionSaisie' => :update_saisie,
-          'QuestionClicDansTexte' => :update_clic_dans_texte
+          QuestionClicDansImage.TYPE => :update_clic_dans_image,
+          QuestionGlisserDeposer.TYPE => :update_glisser_deposer,
+          QuestionQcm.TYPE => :update_qcm,
+          QuestionSaisie.TYPE => :update_saisie,
+          QuestionClicDansTexte.TYPE => :update_clic_dans_texte
         }
         send(updates[@type]) if updates.key?(@type)
       end
diff --git a/app/models/import_export/questions/import_export_donnees.rb b/app/models/import_export/questions/import_export_donnees.rb
index 44f1a1fca..aab43d482 100644
--- a/app/models/import_export/questions/import_export_donnees.rb
+++ b/app/models/import_export/questions/import_export_donnees.rb
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ class ImportExportDonnees
                                  intitule_audio].freeze
       HEADERS_COMMUN = %i[libelle nom_technique illustration intitule_ecrit intitule_audio
                           consigne_ecrit consigne_audio description].freeze
-      HEADERS_ATTENDUS = { 'QuestionClicDansImage' => HEADERS_COMMUN + HEADERS_CLIC_DANS_IMAGE,
-                           'QuestionClicDansTexte' => HEADERS_COMMUN + HEADERS_CLIC_DANS_TEXTE,
-                           'QuestionGlisserDeposer' => HEADERS_COMMUN + HEADERS_GLISSER_DEPOSER,
-                           'QuestionQcm' => HEADERS_COMMUN + HEADERS_QCM,
-                           'QuestionSaisie' => HEADERS_COMMUN + HEADERS_SAISIE,
-                           'QuestionSousConsigne' => HEADERS_SOUS_CONSIGNE }.freeze
+      HEADERS_ATTENDUS = { QuestionClicDansImage.TYPE => HEADERS_COMMUN + HEADERS_CLIC_DANS_IMAGE,
+                           QuestionClicDansTexte.TYPE => HEADERS_COMMUN + HEADERS_CLIC_DANS_TEXTE,
+                           QuestionGlisserDeposer.TYPE => HEADERS_COMMUN + HEADERS_GLISSER_DEPOSER,
+                           QuestionQcm.TYPE => HEADERS_COMMUN + HEADERS_QCM,
+                           QuestionSaisie.TYPE => HEADERS_COMMUN + HEADERS_SAISIE,
+                           QuestionSousConsigne.TYPE => HEADERS_SOUS_CONSIGNE }.freeze
 
       def initialize(questions: nil, type: nil)
         @questions = questions
diff --git a/app/models/question.rb b/app/models/question.rb
index 63b75113e..373126188 100644
--- a/app/models/question.rb
+++ b/app/models/question.rb
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ class Question < ApplicationRecord
   CATEGORIE = %i[situation scolarite sante appareils].freeze
   AUDIO_TYPES = %i[intitule modalite_reponse consigne].freeze
   INTERACTION_TYPES = {
-    'QuestionQcm' => 'qcm',
-    'QuestionClicDansImage' => 'clic dans image',
-    'QuestionGlisserDeposer' => 'glisser deposer',
-    'QuestionSousConsigne' => 'sous consigne',
-    'QuestionSaisie' => 'saisie',
-    'QuestionClicDansTexte' => 'clic dans texte'
+    QuestionQcm.TYPE => 'qcm',
+    QuestionClicDansImage.TYPE => 'clic dans image',
+    QuestionGlisserDeposer.TYPE => 'glisser deposer',
+    QuestionSousConsigne.TYPE => 'sous consigne',
+    QuestionSaisie.TYPE => 'saisie',
+    QuestionClicDansTexte.TYPE => 'clic dans texte'
   }.freeze
 
   enum :categorie, CATEGORIE.zip(CATEGORIE.map(&:to_s)).to_h, prefix: true
@@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ def interaction
   end
 
   def saisie?
-    type == 'QuestionSaisie'
+    type == QuestionSaisie.TYPE
   end
 
   def qcm?
-    type == 'QuestionQcm'
+    type == QuestionQcm.TYPE
   end
 
   def sous_consigne?
-    type == 'QuestionSousConsigne'
+    type == QuestionSousConsigne.TYPE
   end
 
   private
diff --git a/app/models/question_clic_dans_image.rb b/app/models/question_clic_dans_image.rb
index 5822bacff..a8f71f40c 100644
--- a/app/models/question_clic_dans_image.rb
+++ b/app/models/question_clic_dans_image.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 class QuestionClicDansImage < Question
   CLASS_BONNE_REPONSE = 'bonne-reponse'
+  TYPE = 'QuestionClicDansImage'
 
   has_one_attached :zone_cliquable
   has_one_attached :image_au_clic
diff --git a/app/models/question_clic_dans_texte.rb b/app/models/question_clic_dans_texte.rb
index ee1af5e73..f930977b3 100644
--- a/app/models/question_clic_dans_texte.rb
+++ b/app/models/question_clic_dans_texte.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class QuestionClicDansTexte < Question
-  # validates :texte_sur_illustration, presence: true
+  TYPE = 'QuestionClicDansTexte'
 
   def as_json(_options = nil)
     base_json
diff --git a/app/models/question_glisser_deposer.rb b/app/models/question_glisser_deposer.rb
index 3c73487b6..a9fe93aea 100644
--- a/app/models/question_glisser_deposer.rb
+++ b/app/models/question_glisser_deposer.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class QuestionGlisserDeposer < Question
+  TYPE = 'QuestionGlisserDeposer'
   has_many :reponses, -> { order(position: :asc) },
            foreign_key: :question_id,
            class_name: 'Choix',
diff --git a/app/models/question_qcm.rb b/app/models/question_qcm.rb
index fd21f6bcb..bc4915ee5 100644
--- a/app/models/question_qcm.rb
+++ b/app/models/question_qcm.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class QuestionQcm < Question
+  TYPE = 'QuestionQcm'
   enum :metacompetence, { numeratie: 0, ccf: 1, 'syntaxe-orthographe': 2 }
   enum :type_qcm, { standard: 0, jauge: 1 }
   has_many :choix, lambda {
diff --git a/app/models/question_saisie.rb b/app/models/question_saisie.rb
index 058963794..ccb02f20a 100644
--- a/app/models/question_saisie.rb
+++ b/app/models/question_saisie.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 class QuestionSaisie < Question
   QUESTION_REDACTION = 'redaction_note'
+  TYPE = 'QuestionSaisie'
+
   enum :type_saisie, { redaction: 0, numerique: 1 }
 
   has_one :bonne_reponse, class_name: 'Choix', foreign_key: :question_id, dependent: :destroy
diff --git a/app/models/question_sous_consigne.rb b/app/models/question_sous_consigne.rb
index 43587a75e..9fb2489b5 100644
--- a/app/models/question_sous_consigne.rb
+++ b/app/models/question_sous_consigne.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class QuestionSousConsigne < Question
+  TYPE = 'QuestionSousConsigne'
+
   def as_json(_options = nil)
     json = slice(:id, :nom_technique)
     json['type'] = 'sous-consigne'
diff --git a/app/models/restitution/questions_reponses.rb b/app/models/restitution/questions_reponses.rb
index 00f51618e..03479a847 100644
--- a/app/models/restitution/questions_reponses.rb
+++ b/app/models/restitution/questions_reponses.rb
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ def choix_repondu(question, evenement_reponse)
 
     def questions_repondues
       questions_ids = reponses.collect { |r| r.donnees['question'] }
-      Question.where(id: questions_ids, type: 'QuestionQcm').includes(:choix) +
-        Question.where(id: questions_ids).where.not(type: 'QuestionQcm')
+      Question.where(id: questions_ids, type: QuestionQcm.TYPE).includes(:choix) +
+        Question.where(id: questions_ids).where.not(type: QuestionQcm.TYPE)
     end
   end
 end