diff --git a/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/parsing/SeqValiant.kt b/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/parsing/SeqValiant.kt
index 0c86ce31..4273c19a 100644
--- a/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/parsing/SeqValiant.kt
+++ b/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/parsing/SeqValiant.kt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.tensor.UTMatrix
 import ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.types.*
 import com.ionspin.kotlin.bignum.integer.*
 import kotlin.jvm.JvmName
-import kotlin.random.Random
+import kotlin.random.*
 import kotlin.time.measureTimedValue
 
 
@@ -145,17 +145,8 @@ class PTree(val root: String = ".ε", val branches: List<Π2A<PTree>> = listOf()
     }
 
   fun sampleStrWithoutReplacement(stride: Int = 1, offset: Int = 0): Sequence<String> =
-    if (BigInteger(Int.MAX_VALUE) < totalTrees) // Uses LFSR to shuffle the sequence online
-      randomSequenceWithoutRepetition(0..totalTrees.intValue(false))
-        .mapIndexedNotNull { index, i -> if (index % stride == offset) newDecoder(i.toBigInteger()) else null }
-//        .map { newDecoder(it.toBigInteger() * stride + offset) }
-    else sequence {
-      var i = BigInteger.ZERO
-      while (i < totalTrees) {
-        if (i % stride.toBigInteger() == offset.toBigInteger()) yield(newDecoder(i))
-        i++
-      }
-    }
+    bigLFSRSequence(totalTrees)
+      .mapIndexedNotNull { index, i -> if (index % stride == offset) newDecoder(i) else null }
 
   fun sampleStrWithPCFG5(pcfgTable: Map<Int, Int>): Sequence<String> =
     sequence { while (true) yield(samplePCFG5(pcfgTable)) }
diff --git a/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/Polynomials.kt b/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/Polynomials.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ef26a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/Polynomials.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+package ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.sampling
+
+object Polynomials {
+  // Does not pass empirical tests?
+  val lecuyer = listOf(
+    1, 3, 7, 11, 13, 19, 25, 37, 59,
+    47, 61, 55, 41, 67, 97, 91, 109, 103,
+    115, 131, 193, 137, 145, 143, 241, 157, 185,
+    167, 229, 171, 213, 191, 253, 203, 211, 239,
+    247, 285, 369, 299, 425, 301, 361, 333, 357,
+    351, 501, 355, 397, 391, 451, 463, 487, 529,
+    545, 539, 865, 557, 721, 563, 817, 601, 617,
+    607, 1001, 623, 985, 631, 953, 637, 761, 647,
+    901, 661, 677, 675, 789, 687, 981, 695, 949,
+    701, 757, 719, 973, 731, 877, 787, 803, 799,
+    995, 827, 883, 847, 971, 859, 875, 895, 1019,
+    911, 967, 1033, 1153, 1051, 1729, 1063, 1825, 1069,
+    1441, 1125, 1329, 1135, 1969, 1163, 1673, 1221, 1305,
+    1239, 1881, 1255, 1849, 1267, 1657, 1279, 2041, 1293,
+    1413, 1315, 1573, 1341, 1509, 1347, 1557, 1367, 1877,
+    1387, 1717, 1423, 1933, 1431, 1869, 1479, 1821, 1527,
+    1917, 1531, 1789, 1555, 1603, 1591, 1891, 1615, 1939,
+    1627, 1747, 1663, 2035, 1759, 2011, 1815, 1863, 2053,
+    2561, 2071, 3713, 2091, 3393, 2093, 2881, 2119, 3617,
+    2147, 3169, 2149, 2657, 2161, 2273, 2171, 3553, 2189,
+    2833, 2197, 2705, 2207, 3985, 2217, 2385, 2225, 2257,
+    2255, 3889, 2279, 3697, 2283, 3441, 2293, 2801, 2317,
+    2825, 2323, 3209, 2341, 2633, 2345, 2377, 2363, 3529,
+    2365, 3017, 2373, 2601, 2395, 3497, 2419, 3305, 2421,
+    2793, 2431, 4073, 2435, 3097, 2447, 3865, 2475, 3417,
+    2477, 2905, 2489, 2521, 2503, 3641, 2533, 2681, 2551,
+    3833, 2567, 3589, 2579, 3205, 2581, 2693, 2669, 2917,
+    2687, 4069, 2717, 2965, 2727, 3669, 2731, 3413, 2739,
+    3285, 2741, 2773, 2783, 4021, 2799, 3957, 2811, 3573,
+    2819, 3085, 2867, 3277, 2879, 4045, 2891, 3373, 2911,
+    4013, 2927, 3949, 2941, 3053, 2951, 3613, 2955, 3357,
+    2963, 3229, 2991, 3933, 2999, 3805, 3005, 3037, 3035,
+    3517, 3047, 3709, 3083, 3331, 3103, 3971, 3159, 3747,
+    3179, 3427, 3187, 3299, 3223, 3731, 3227, 3475, 3251,
+    3283, 3263, 4051, 3271, 3635, 3319, 3827, 3343, 3851,
+    3367, 3659, 3399, 3627, 3439, 3947, 3487, 3995, 3515,
+    3547, 3543, 3771, 3559, 3707, 3623, 3655, 3679, 4007,
+    3743, 3991, 3791, 3895, 4179, 6465, 4201, 4801, 4219,
+    7105, 4221, 6081, 4249, 4897, 4305, 4449, 4331, 6881,
+    4359, 7185, 4383, 7953, 4387, 6289, 4411, 7057, 4431
+  ).mapIndexed { i, it -> i to listOf(it.toLong()) }.toMap()
+
+  // http://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/application_notes/xapp052.pdf
+  val xlinz = mapOf(
+    3 to listOf(3, 2),
+    4 to listOf(4, 3),
+    5 to listOf(5, 3),
+    6 to listOf(6, 5),
+    7 to listOf(7, 6),
+    8 to listOf(8, 6, 5, 4),
+    9 to listOf(9, 5),
+    10 to listOf(10, 7),
+    11 to listOf(11, 9),
+    12 to listOf(12, 6, 4, 1),
+    13 to listOf(13, 4, 3, 1),
+    14 to listOf(14, 5, 3, 1),
+    15 to listOf(15, 14),
+    16 to listOf(16, 15, 13, 4),
+    17 to listOf(17, 14),
+    18 to listOf(18, 11),
+    19 to listOf(19, 6, 2, 1),
+    20 to listOf(20, 17),
+    21 to listOf(21, 19),
+    22 to listOf(22, 21),
+    23 to listOf(23, 18),
+    24 to listOf(24, 23, 22, 17),
+    25 to listOf(25, 22),
+    26 to listOf(26, 6, 2, 1),
+    27 to listOf(27, 5, 2, 1),
+    28 to listOf(28, 25),
+    29 to listOf(29, 27),
+    30 to listOf(30, 6, 4, 1),
+    31 to listOf(31, 28),
+    32 to listOf(32, 22, 2, 1),
+    33 to listOf(33, 20),
+    34 to listOf(34, 27, 2, 1),
+    35 to listOf(35, 33),
+    36 to listOf(36, 25),
+    37 to listOf(37, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1),
+    38 to listOf(38, 6, 5, 1),
+    39 to listOf(39, 35),
+    40 to listOf(40, 38, 21, 19),
+    41 to listOf(41, 38),
+    42 to listOf(42, 41, 20, 19),
+    43 to listOf(43, 42, 38, 37),
+    44 to listOf(44, 43, 18, 17),
+    45 to listOf(45, 44, 42, 41),
+    46 to listOf(46, 45, 26, 25),
+    47 to listOf(47, 42),
+    48 to listOf(48, 47, 21, 20),
+    49 to listOf(49, 40),
+    50 to listOf(50, 49, 24, 23),
+    51 to listOf(51, 50, 36, 35),
+    52 to listOf(52, 49),
+    53 to listOf(53, 52, 38, 37),
+    54 to listOf(54, 53, 18, 17),
+    55 to listOf(55, 31),
+    56 to listOf(56, 55, 35, 34),
+    57 to listOf(57, 50),
+    58 to listOf(58, 39),
+    59 to listOf(59, 58, 38, 37),
+    60 to listOf(60, 59),
+    61 to listOf(61, 60, 46, 45),
+    62 to listOf(62, 61, 6, 5),
+    63 to listOf(63, 62),
+    64 to listOf(64, 63, 61, 60),
+    65 to listOf(65, 47),
+    66 to listOf(66, 65, 57, 56),
+    67 to listOf(67, 66, 58, 57),
+    68 to listOf(68, 59),
+    69 to listOf(69, 67, 42, 40),
+    70 to listOf(70, 69, 55, 54),
+    71 to listOf(71, 65),
+    72 to listOf(72, 66, 25, 19),
+    73 to listOf(73, 48),
+    74 to listOf(74, 73, 59, 58),
+    75 to listOf(75, 74, 65, 64),
+    76 to listOf(76, 75, 41, 40),
+    77 to listOf(77, 76, 47, 46),
+    78 to listOf(78, 77, 59, 58),
+    79 to listOf(79, 70),
+    80 to listOf(80, 79, 43, 42),
+    81 to listOf(81, 77),
+    82 to listOf(82, 79, 47, 44),
+    83 to listOf(83, 82, 38, 37),
+    84 to listOf(84, 71),
+    85 to listOf(85, 84, 58, 57),
+    86 to listOf(86, 85, 74, 73),
+    87 to listOf(87, 74),
+    88 to listOf(88, 87, 17, 16),
+    89 to listOf(89, 51),
+    90 to listOf(90, 89, 72, 71),
+    91 to listOf(91, 90, 8, 7),
+    92 to listOf(92, 91, 80, 79),
+    93 to listOf(93, 91),
+    94 to listOf(94, 73),
+    95 to listOf(95, 84),
+    96 to listOf(96, 94, 49, 47),
+    97 to listOf(97, 91),
+    98 to listOf(98, 87),
+    99 to listOf(99, 97, 54, 52),
+    100 to listOf(100, 63),
+    101 to listOf(101, 100, 95, 94),
+    102 to listOf(102, 101, 36, 35),
+    103 to listOf(103, 94),
+    104 to listOf(104, 103, 94, 93),
+    105 to listOf(105, 89),
+    106 to listOf(106, 91),
+    107 to listOf(107, 105, 44, 42),
+    108 to listOf(108, 77),
+    109 to listOf(109, 108, 103, 102),
+    110 to listOf(110, 109, 98, 97),
+    111 to listOf(111, 101),
+    112 to listOf(112, 110, 69, 67),
+    113 to listOf(113, 104),
+    114 to listOf(114, 113, 33, 32),
+    115 to listOf(115, 114, 101, 100),
+    116 to listOf(116, 115, 46, 45),
+    117 to listOf(117, 115, 99, 97),
+    118 to listOf(118, 85),
+    119 to listOf(119, 111),
+    120 to listOf(120, 113, 9, 2),
+    121 to listOf(121, 103),
+    122 to listOf(122, 121, 63, 62),
+    123 to listOf(123, 121),
+    124 to listOf(124, 87),
+    125 to listOf(125, 124, 18, 17),
+    126 to listOf(126, 125, 90, 89),
+    127 to listOf(127, 126),
+    128 to listOf(128, 126, 101, 99),
+    129 to listOf(129, 124),
+    130 to listOf(130, 127),
+    131 to listOf(131, 130, 84, 83),
+    132 to listOf(132, 103),
+    133 to listOf(133, 132, 82, 81),
+    134 to listOf(134, 77),
+    135 to listOf(135, 124),
+    136 to listOf(136, 135, 11, 10),
+    137 to listOf(137, 116),
+    138 to listOf(138, 137, 131, 130),
+    139 to listOf(139, 136, 134, 131),
+    140 to listOf(140, 111),
+    141 to listOf(141, 140, 110, 109),
+    142 to listOf(142, 121),
+    143 to listOf(143, 142, 123, 122),
+    144 to listOf(144, 143, 75, 74),
+    145 to listOf(145, 93),
+    146 to listOf(146, 145, 87, 86),
+    147 to listOf(147, 146, 110, 109),
+    148 to listOf(148, 121),
+    149 to listOf(149, 148, 40, 39),
+    150 to listOf(150, 97),
+    151 to listOf(151, 148),
+    152 to listOf(152, 151, 87, 86),
+    153 to listOf(153, 152),
+    154 to listOf(154, 152, 27, 25),
+    155 to listOf(155, 154, 124, 123),
+    156 to listOf(156, 155, 41, 40),
+    157 to listOf(157, 156, 131, 130),
+    158 to listOf(158, 157, 132, 131),
+    159 to listOf(159, 128),
+    160 to listOf(160, 159, 142, 141),
+    161 to listOf(161, 143),
+    162 to listOf(162, 161, 75, 74),
+    163 to listOf(163, 162, 104, 103),
+    164 to listOf(164, 163, 151, 150),
+    165 to listOf(165, 164, 135, 134),
+    166 to listOf(166, 165, 128, 127),
+    167 to listOf(167, 161),
+    168 to listOf(168, 166, 153, 151)
+  )
+
+  // TODO: Compute minimal elements of GF(p^e) dynamically
+// http://www.seanerikoconnor.freeservers.com/Mathematics/AbstractAlgebra/PrimitivePolynomials/theory.html
+// https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2232179/how-to-find-minimal-polynomial-for-an-element-in-mboxgf2m
+// http://crc.stanford.edu/crc_papers/CRC-TR-04-03.pdf#page=24
+// https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-3-642-54649-5%2F1.pdf#page=5
+  val academic = mapOf(
+  // Degree to binary polynomial coefficients in decimal form
+  // https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-1-4615-1509-8%2F1.pdf
+  // https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027422805851
+  // https://github.com/umontreal-simul/ssj/blob/f384e22adf08bd5202ea65bb7cd53fee192cb3ce/src/main/java/umontreal/ssj/hups/SobolSequence.java#L488
+  0 to listOf(0L),
+  1 to listOf(1L),
+  2 to listOf(7L),
+  3 to listOf(11L),
+  4 to listOf(19L, 25L),
+  5 to listOf(37L, 41L, 47L, 55L, 59L, 61L),
+  6 to listOf(67L, 91L, 97L, 103L, 109L, 115L),
+  7 to listOf(
+  131L, 137L, 143L, 145L, 157L, 167L, 171L, 185L, 191L, 193L, 203L, 211L, 213L, 229L,
+  239L, 241L, 247L, 253
+  ),
+  8 to listOf(
+  285L, 299L, 301L, 333L, 351L, 355L, 357L, 361L, 369L, 391L, 397L, 425L, 451L, 463L,
+  487L, 501
+  ),
+  9 to listOf(
+  529L, 539L, 545L, 557L, 563L, 601L, 607L, 617L, 623L, 631L, 637L, 647L, 661L, 675L,
+  677L, 687L, 695L, 701L, 719L, 721L, 731L, 757L, 761L, 787L, 789L, 799L, 803L, 817L,
+  827L, 847L, 859L, 865L, 875L, 877L, 883L, 895L, 901L, 911L, 949L, 953L, 967L, 971L,
+  973L, 981L, 985L, 995L, 1001L, 1019
+  ),
+  10 to listOf(
+  1033L, 1051L, 1063L, 1069L, 1125L, 1135L, 1153L, 1163L, 1221L, 1239L, 1255L,
+  1267L, 1279L, 1293L, 1305L, 1315L, 1329L, 1341L, 1347L, 1367L, 1387L, 1413L,
+  1423L, 1431L, 1441L, 1479L, 1509L, 1527L, 1531L, 1555L, 1557L, 1573L, 1591L,
+  1603L, 1615L, 1627L, 1657L, 1663L, 1673L, 1717L, 1729L, 1747L, 1759L, 1789L,
+  1815L, 1821L, 1825L, 1849L, 1863L, 1869L, 1877L, 1881L, 1891L, 1917L, 1933L,
+  1939L, 1969L, 2011L, 2035L, 2041L
+  ),
+  11 to listOf(
+  2053L, 2071L, 2091L, 2093L, 2119L, 2147L, 2149L, 2161L, 2171L, 2189L, 2197L,
+  2207L, 2217L, 2225L, 2255L, 2257L, 2273L, 2279L, 2283L, 2293L, 2317L, 2323L,
+  2341L, 2345L, 2363L, 2365L, 2373L, 2377L, 2385L, 2395L, 2419L, 2421L, 2431L,
+  2435L, 2447L, 2475L, 2477L, 2489L, 2503L, 2521L, 2533L, 2551L, 2561L, 2567L,
+  2579L, 2581L, 2601L, 2633L, 2657L, 2669L, 2681L, 2687L, 2693L, 2705L, 2717L,
+  2727L, 2731L, 2739L, 2741L, 2773L, 2783L, 2793L, 2799L, 2801L, 2811L, 2819L,
+  2825L, 2833L, 2867L, 2879L, 2881L, 2891L, 2905L, 2911L, 2917L, 2927L, 2941L,
+  2951L, 2955L, 2963L, 2965L, 2991L, 2999L, 3005L, 3017L, 3035L, 3037L, 3047L,
+  3053L, 3083L, 3085L, 3097L, 3103L, 3159L, 3169L, 3179L, 3187L, 3205L, 3209L,
+  3223L, 3227L, 3229L, 3251L, 3263L, 3271L, 3277L, 3283L, 3285L, 3299L, 3305L,
+  3319L, 3331L, 3343L, 3357L, 3367L, 3373L, 3393L, 3399L, 3413L, 3417L, 3427L,
+  3439L, 3441L, 3475L, 3487L, 3497L, 3515L, 3517L, 3529L, 3543L, 3547L, 3553L,
+  3559L, 3573L, 3589L, 3613L, 3617L, 3623L, 3627L, 3635L, 3641L, 3655L, 3659L,
+  3669L, 3679L, 3697L, 3707L, 3709L, 3713L, 3731L, 3743L, 3747L, 3771L, 3791L,
+  3805L, 3827L, 3833L, 3851L, 3865L, 3889L, 3895L, 3933L, 3947L, 3949L, 3957L,
+  3971L, 3985L, 3991L, 3995L, 4007L, 4013L, 4021L, 4045L, 4051L, 4069L, 4073
+  ),
+  12 to listOf(
+  4179L, 4201L, 4219L, 4221L, 4249L, 4305L, 4331L, 4359L, 4383L, 4387L, 4411L,
+  4431L, 4439L, 4449L, 4459L, 4485L, 4531L, 4569L, 4575L, 4621L, 4663L, 4669L,
+  4711L, 4723L, 4735L, 4793L, 4801L, 4811L, 4879L, 4893L, 4897L, 4921L, 4927L,
+  4941L, 4977L, 5017L, 5027L, 5033L, 5127L, 5169L, 5175L, 5199L, 5213L, 5223L,
+  5237L, 5287L, 5293L, 5331L, 5391L, 5405L, 5453L, 5523L, 5573L, 5591L, 5597L,
+  5611L, 5641L, 5703L, 5717L, 5721L, 5797L, 5821L, 5909L, 5913L, 5955L, 5957L,
+  6005L, 6025L, 6061L, 6067L, 6079L, 6081L, 6231L, 6237L, 6289L, 6295L, 6329L,
+  6383L, 6427L, 6453L, 6465L, 6501L, 6523L, 6539L, 6577L, 6589L, 6601L, 6607L,
+  6631L, 6683L, 6699L, 6707L, 6761L, 6795L, 6865L, 6881L, 6901L, 6923L, 6931L,
+  6943L, 6999L, 7057L, 7079L, 7103L, 7105L, 7123L, 7173L, 7185L, 7191L, 7207L,
+  7245L, 7303L, 7327L, 7333L, 7355L, 7365L, 7369L, 7375L, 7411L, 7431L, 7459L,
+  7491L, 7505L, 7515L, 7541L, 7557L, 7561L, 7701L, 7705L, 7727L, 7749L, 7761L,
+  7783L, 7795L, 7823L, 7907L, 7953L, 7963L, 7975L, 8049L, 8089L, 8123L, 8125L,
+  8137
+  ),
+  13 to listOf(
+  8219L, 8231L, 8245L, 8275L, 8293L, 8303L, 8331L, 8333L, 8351L, 8357L, 8367L,
+  8379L, 8381L, 8387L, 8393L, 8417L, 8435L, 8461L, 8469L, 8489L, 8495L, 8507L,
+  8515L, 8551L, 8555L, 8569L, 8585L, 8599L, 8605L, 8639L
+  ),
+  14 to listOf(
+  16427L, 16441L, 16467L, 16479L, 16507L, 16553L, 16559L, 16571L, 16573L,
+  16591L, 16619L, 16627L, 16653L, 16659L, 16699L, 16707L, 16795L, 16797L,
+  16807L, 16813L, 16821L, 16853L, 16857L, 16881L
+  ),
+  15 to listOf(
+  32771L, 32785L, 32791L, 32813L, 32821L, 32863L, 32887L, 32897L, 32903L,
+  32915L, 32933L, 32963L, 32975L, 32989L, 32999L, 33013L, 33025L, 33045L,
+  33061L, 33111L, 33117L, 33121L, 33133L, 33157L
+  ),
+  16 to listOf(
+  65581L, 65593L, 65599L, 65619L, 65725L, 65751L, 65839L, 65853L, 65871L,
+  65885L, 65943L, 65953L, 65965L, 65983L, 65991L, 66069L, 66073L, 66085L,
+  66095L, 66141L, 66157L, 66181L, 66193L, 66209L
+  ),
+  17 to listOf(
+  131081L, 131087L, 131105L, 131117L, 131123L, 131135L, 131137L,
+  131157L, 131177L, 131195L, 131213L, 131225L, 131235L, 131247L,
+  131259L, 131269L, 131317L
+  ),
+  18 to listOf(262183L, 262207L, 262221L, 262267L, 262273L, 262363L, 262375L, 262381L, 262407L),
+  19 to listOf(524327L, 524351L, 524359L, 524371L, 524377L, 524387L, 524399L, 524413L, 524435L, 524463L),
+  20 to listOf(1048585L, 1048659L, 1048677L, 1048681L, 1048699L),
+  21 to listOf(2097157L, 2097191L, 2097215L, 2097253L),
+  22 to listOf(4194307L, 4194361L),
+  23 to listOf(8388641L, 8388651L, 8388653L, 8388659L, 8388671L, 8388685L, 8388709L),
+  24 to listOf(16777243L),
+  25 to listOf(33554441L),
+  26 to listOf(67108935L),
+  // https://oeis.org/A132453
+  27 to listOf(134217767L),
+  28 to listOf(268435465L),
+  29 to listOf(536870917L),
+  30 to listOf(1073741907L),
+  31 to listOf(2147483657L),
+  32 to listOf(4294967493L),
+  ) + (33..64).associateWith { lecuyer[it]!! }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/Samplers.kt b/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/Samplers.kt
index 5d13f655..293476ff 100644
--- a/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/Samplers.kt
+++ b/src/commonMain/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/Samplers.kt
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ package ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.sampling
 import ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.*
 import ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.tensor.*
 import ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.types.*
+import com.ionspin.kotlin.bignum.integer.BigInteger
 import kotlin.math.*
 import kotlin.random.*
 import kotlin.time.*
 
+
 fun randomMatrix(rows: Int, cols: Int = rows, rand: () -> Double = { Random.Default.nextDouble() }) =
   Array(rows) { Array(cols) { rand() }.toDoubleArray() }.toDoubleMatrix()
 
@@ -42,167 +44,6 @@ fun all(i: List<Int>, l: List<Int> = emptyList()): Sequence<List<Int>> =
   if (i.isEmpty()) sequenceOf(l)
   else (0 until i[0]).asSequence().flatMap { all(i.drop(1), l + it) }
 
-// Does not pass empirical tests?
-val lecuyerGenerator =
-  listOf(1, 3, 7, 11, 13, 19, 25, 37, 59,
-    47, 61, 55, 41, 67, 97, 91, 109, 103,
-    115, 131, 193, 137, 145, 143, 241, 157, 185,
-    167, 229, 171, 213, 191, 253, 203, 211, 239,
-    247, 285, 369, 299, 425, 301, 361, 333, 357,
-    351, 501, 355, 397, 391, 451, 463, 487, 529,
-    545, 539, 865, 557, 721, 563, 817, 601, 617,
-    607, 1001, 623, 985, 631, 953, 637, 761, 647,
-    901, 661, 677, 675, 789, 687, 981, 695, 949,
-    701, 757, 719, 973, 731, 877, 787, 803, 799,
-    995, 827, 883, 847, 971, 859, 875, 895, 1019,
-    911, 967, 1033, 1153, 1051, 1729, 1063, 1825, 1069,
-    1441, 1125, 1329, 1135, 1969, 1163, 1673, 1221, 1305,
-    1239, 1881, 1255, 1849, 1267, 1657, 1279, 2041, 1293,
-    1413, 1315, 1573, 1341, 1509, 1347, 1557, 1367, 1877,
-    1387, 1717, 1423, 1933, 1431, 1869, 1479, 1821, 1527,
-    1917, 1531, 1789, 1555, 1603, 1591, 1891, 1615, 1939,
-    1627, 1747, 1663, 2035, 1759, 2011, 1815, 1863, 2053,
-    2561, 2071, 3713, 2091, 3393, 2093, 2881, 2119, 3617,
-    2147, 3169, 2149, 2657, 2161, 2273, 2171, 3553, 2189,
-    2833, 2197, 2705, 2207, 3985, 2217, 2385, 2225, 2257,
-    2255, 3889, 2279, 3697, 2283, 3441, 2293, 2801, 2317,
-    2825, 2323, 3209, 2341, 2633, 2345, 2377, 2363, 3529,
-    2365, 3017, 2373, 2601, 2395, 3497, 2419, 3305, 2421,
-    2793, 2431, 4073, 2435, 3097, 2447, 3865, 2475, 3417,
-    2477, 2905, 2489, 2521, 2503, 3641, 2533, 2681, 2551,
-    3833, 2567, 3589, 2579, 3205, 2581, 2693, 2669, 2917,
-    2687, 4069, 2717, 2965, 2727, 3669, 2731, 3413, 2739,
-    3285, 2741, 2773, 2783, 4021, 2799, 3957, 2811, 3573,
-    2819, 3085, 2867, 3277, 2879, 4045, 2891, 3373, 2911,
-    4013, 2927, 3949, 2941, 3053, 2951, 3613, 2955, 3357,
-    2963, 3229, 2991, 3933, 2999, 3805, 3005, 3037, 3035,
-    3517, 3047, 3709, 3083, 3331, 3103, 3971, 3159, 3747,
-    3179, 3427, 3187, 3299, 3223, 3731, 3227, 3475, 3251,
-    3283, 3263, 4051, 3271, 3635, 3319, 3827, 3343, 3851,
-    3367, 3659, 3399, 3627, 3439, 3947, 3487, 3995, 3515,
-    3547, 3543, 3771, 3559, 3707, 3623, 3655, 3679, 4007,
-    3743, 3991, 3791, 3895, 4179, 6465, 4201, 4801, 4219,
-    7105, 4221, 6081, 4249, 4897, 4305, 4449, 4331, 6881,
-    4359, 7185, 4383, 7953, 4387, 6289, 4411, 7057, 4431)
-    .mapIndexed { i, it -> i to listOf(it.toLong()) }.toMap()
-
-// TODO: Compute minimal elements of GF(p^e) dynamically
-// http://www.seanerikoconnor.freeservers.com/Mathematics/AbstractAlgebra/PrimitivePolynomials/theory.html
-// https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2232179/how-to-find-minimal-polynomial-for-an-element-in-mboxgf2m
-// http://crc.stanford.edu/crc_papers/CRC-TR-04-03.pdf#page=24
-// https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-3-642-54649-5%2F1.pdf#page=5
-
-val generator = mapOf(
-  // Degree to binary polynomial coefficients in decimal form
-  // https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-1-4615-1509-8%2F1.pdf
-  // https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027422805851
-  // https://github.com/umontreal-simul/ssj/blob/f384e22adf08bd5202ea65bb7cd53fee192cb3ce/src/main/java/umontreal/ssj/hups/SobolSequence.java#L488
-  0 to listOf(0L),
-  1 to listOf(1L),
-  2 to listOf(7L),
-  3 to listOf(11L),
-  4 to listOf(19L, 25L),
-  5 to listOf(37L, 41L, 47L, 55L, 59L, 61L),
-  6 to listOf(67L, 91L, 97L, 103L, 109L, 115L),
-  7 to listOf(
-    131L, 137L, 143L, 145L, 157L, 167L, 171L, 185L, 191L, 193L, 203L, 211L, 213L, 229L,
-    239L, 241L, 247L, 253
-  ),
-  8 to listOf(
-    285L, 299L, 301L, 333L, 351L, 355L, 357L, 361L, 369L, 391L, 397L, 425L, 451L, 463L,
-    487L, 501
-  ),
-  9 to listOf(
-    529L, 539L, 545L, 557L, 563L, 601L, 607L, 617L, 623L, 631L, 637L, 647L, 661L, 675L,
-    677L, 687L, 695L, 701L, 719L, 721L, 731L, 757L, 761L, 787L, 789L, 799L, 803L, 817L,
-    827L, 847L, 859L, 865L, 875L, 877L, 883L, 895L, 901L, 911L, 949L, 953L, 967L, 971L,
-    973L, 981L, 985L, 995L, 1001L, 1019
-  ),
-  10 to listOf(
-    1033L, 1051L, 1063L, 1069L, 1125L, 1135L, 1153L, 1163L, 1221L, 1239L, 1255L,
-    1267L, 1279L, 1293L, 1305L, 1315L, 1329L, 1341L, 1347L, 1367L, 1387L, 1413L,
-    1423L, 1431L, 1441L, 1479L, 1509L, 1527L, 1531L, 1555L, 1557L, 1573L, 1591L,
-    1603L, 1615L, 1627L, 1657L, 1663L, 1673L, 1717L, 1729L, 1747L, 1759L, 1789L,
-    1815L, 1821L, 1825L, 1849L, 1863L, 1869L, 1877L, 1881L, 1891L, 1917L, 1933L,
-    1939L, 1969L, 2011L, 2035L, 2041L
-  ),
-  11 to listOf(
-    2053L, 2071L, 2091L, 2093L, 2119L, 2147L, 2149L, 2161L, 2171L, 2189L, 2197L,
-    2207L, 2217L, 2225L, 2255L, 2257L, 2273L, 2279L, 2283L, 2293L, 2317L, 2323L,
-    2341L, 2345L, 2363L, 2365L, 2373L, 2377L, 2385L, 2395L, 2419L, 2421L, 2431L,
-    2435L, 2447L, 2475L, 2477L, 2489L, 2503L, 2521L, 2533L, 2551L, 2561L, 2567L,
-    2579L, 2581L, 2601L, 2633L, 2657L, 2669L, 2681L, 2687L, 2693L, 2705L, 2717L,
-    2727L, 2731L, 2739L, 2741L, 2773L, 2783L, 2793L, 2799L, 2801L, 2811L, 2819L,
-    2825L, 2833L, 2867L, 2879L, 2881L, 2891L, 2905L, 2911L, 2917L, 2927L, 2941L,
-    2951L, 2955L, 2963L, 2965L, 2991L, 2999L, 3005L, 3017L, 3035L, 3037L, 3047L,
-    3053L, 3083L, 3085L, 3097L, 3103L, 3159L, 3169L, 3179L, 3187L, 3205L, 3209L,
-    3223L, 3227L, 3229L, 3251L, 3263L, 3271L, 3277L, 3283L, 3285L, 3299L, 3305L,
-    3319L, 3331L, 3343L, 3357L, 3367L, 3373L, 3393L, 3399L, 3413L, 3417L, 3427L,
-    3439L, 3441L, 3475L, 3487L, 3497L, 3515L, 3517L, 3529L, 3543L, 3547L, 3553L,
-    3559L, 3573L, 3589L, 3613L, 3617L, 3623L, 3627L, 3635L, 3641L, 3655L, 3659L,
-    3669L, 3679L, 3697L, 3707L, 3709L, 3713L, 3731L, 3743L, 3747L, 3771L, 3791L,
-    3805L, 3827L, 3833L, 3851L, 3865L, 3889L, 3895L, 3933L, 3947L, 3949L, 3957L,
-    3971L, 3985L, 3991L, 3995L, 4007L, 4013L, 4021L, 4045L, 4051L, 4069L, 4073
-  ),
-  12 to listOf(
-    4179L, 4201L, 4219L, 4221L, 4249L, 4305L, 4331L, 4359L, 4383L, 4387L, 4411L,
-    4431L, 4439L, 4449L, 4459L, 4485L, 4531L, 4569L, 4575L, 4621L, 4663L, 4669L,
-    4711L, 4723L, 4735L, 4793L, 4801L, 4811L, 4879L, 4893L, 4897L, 4921L, 4927L,
-    4941L, 4977L, 5017L, 5027L, 5033L, 5127L, 5169L, 5175L, 5199L, 5213L, 5223L,
-    5237L, 5287L, 5293L, 5331L, 5391L, 5405L, 5453L, 5523L, 5573L, 5591L, 5597L,
-    5611L, 5641L, 5703L, 5717L, 5721L, 5797L, 5821L, 5909L, 5913L, 5955L, 5957L,
-    6005L, 6025L, 6061L, 6067L, 6079L, 6081L, 6231L, 6237L, 6289L, 6295L, 6329L,
-    6383L, 6427L, 6453L, 6465L, 6501L, 6523L, 6539L, 6577L, 6589L, 6601L, 6607L,
-    6631L, 6683L, 6699L, 6707L, 6761L, 6795L, 6865L, 6881L, 6901L, 6923L, 6931L,
-    6943L, 6999L, 7057L, 7079L, 7103L, 7105L, 7123L, 7173L, 7185L, 7191L, 7207L,
-    7245L, 7303L, 7327L, 7333L, 7355L, 7365L, 7369L, 7375L, 7411L, 7431L, 7459L,
-    7491L, 7505L, 7515L, 7541L, 7557L, 7561L, 7701L, 7705L, 7727L, 7749L, 7761L,
-    7783L, 7795L, 7823L, 7907L, 7953L, 7963L, 7975L, 8049L, 8089L, 8123L, 8125L,
-    8137
-  ),
-  13 to listOf(
-    8219L, 8231L, 8245L, 8275L, 8293L, 8303L, 8331L, 8333L, 8351L, 8357L, 8367L,
-    8379L, 8381L, 8387L, 8393L, 8417L, 8435L, 8461L, 8469L, 8489L, 8495L, 8507L,
-    8515L, 8551L, 8555L, 8569L, 8585L, 8599L, 8605L, 8639L
-  ),
-  14 to listOf(
-    16427L, 16441L, 16467L, 16479L, 16507L, 16553L, 16559L, 16571L, 16573L,
-    16591L, 16619L, 16627L, 16653L, 16659L, 16699L, 16707L, 16795L, 16797L,
-    16807L, 16813L, 16821L, 16853L, 16857L, 16881L
-  ),
-  15 to listOf(
-    32771L, 32785L, 32791L, 32813L, 32821L, 32863L, 32887L, 32897L, 32903L,
-    32915L, 32933L, 32963L, 32975L, 32989L, 32999L, 33013L, 33025L, 33045L,
-    33061L, 33111L, 33117L, 33121L, 33133L, 33157L
-  ),
-  16 to listOf(
-    65581L, 65593L, 65599L, 65619L, 65725L, 65751L, 65839L, 65853L, 65871L,
-    65885L, 65943L, 65953L, 65965L, 65983L, 65991L, 66069L, 66073L, 66085L,
-    66095L, 66141L, 66157L, 66181L, 66193L, 66209L
-  ),
-  17 to listOf(
-    131081L, 131087L, 131105L, 131117L, 131123L, 131135L, 131137L,
-    131157L, 131177L, 131195L, 131213L, 131225L, 131235L, 131247L,
-    131259L, 131269L, 131317L
-  ),
-  18 to listOf(262183L, 262207L, 262221L, 262267L, 262273L, 262363L, 262375L, 262381L, 262407L),
-  19 to listOf(524327L, 524351L, 524359L, 524371L, 524377L, 524387L, 524399L, 524413L, 524435L, 524463L),
-  20 to listOf(1048585L, 1048659L, 1048677L, 1048681L, 1048699L),
-  21 to listOf(2097157L, 2097191L, 2097215L, 2097253L),
-  22 to listOf(4194307L, 4194361L),
-  23 to listOf(8388641L, 8388651L, 8388653L, 8388659L, 8388671L, 8388685L, 8388709L),
-  24 to listOf(16777243L),
-  25 to listOf(33554441L),
-  26 to listOf(67108935L),
-  // https://oeis.org/A132453
-  27 to listOf(134217767L),
-  28 to listOf(268435465L),
-  29 to listOf(536870917L),
-  30 to listOf(1073741907L),
-  31 to listOf(2147483657L),
-  32 to listOf(4294967493L),
-) + (33..64).associateWith { lecuyerGenerator[it]!! }
-
 // https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/321765.321777
 // http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/m-mat/MT/ARTICLES/tgfsr3.pdf
 // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear-feedback_shift_register#Non-binary_Galois_LFSR
@@ -214,7 +55,7 @@ val generator = mapOf(
 
 fun LFSR(
   degree: Int = 16,
-  primitivePolynomial: List<Int> = generator[degree]!!.random().toString(2)
+  primitivePolynomial: List<Int> = Polynomials.academic[degree]!!.random().toString(2)
     .mapIndexedNotNull { i, c -> if (c == '1') i else null }
 ): Sequence<ULong> = // LFSRM(degree)
   if (degree == 0) sequenceOf() else sequence {
@@ -246,7 +87,7 @@ private fun TransitionMatrix(degree: Int, polynomial: List<Boolean>) =
   FreeMatrix(XOR_ALGEBRA, degree) { r, c -> if (r == 0) polynomial[c] else c == r - 1 }
 
 private fun PrimitivePolynomial(length: Int): List<Boolean> =
-  generator[length]!!.random().toString(2).map { it == '1' }
+  Polynomials.academic[length]!!.random().toString(2).map { it == '1' }
 
 fun LFSRM(
   degree: Int,
@@ -276,7 +117,7 @@ fun <T> MDSamplerWithoutReplacement(
   degree: Int = bitLens.sum()
 ): Sequence<List<T>> =
   if (degree < 4) findAll(dimensions).shuffled()
-  else if (degree !in generator) throw Exception("Space is too large! ($degree) dim=${dimensions.map { it.size }.joinToString("x", "[", "]")}")
+  else if (degree !in Polynomials.academic) throw Exception("Space is too large! ($degree) dim=${dimensions.map { it.size }.joinToString("x", "[", "]")}")
   else LFSR(degree)
     .let { if (skip == 1) it else it.filterIndexed { i, _ -> i % skip == shift } }
     .map { it.toBitList2(degree) }
@@ -303,7 +144,7 @@ fun <T> MDSamplerWithoutReplacementNKF(
   degree: Int = log_2(choices) + log_2(cardinality)
 ): Sequence<Pair<Set<Int>, List<T>>> =
   if (degree < 4) throw Exception("Space is too small! ($degree)")
-  else if (degree !in generator) throw Exception("Space is too large! ($degree)")
+  else if (degree !in Polynomials.academic) throw Exception("Space is too large! ($degree)")
   else LFSR(degree)
     //.also { println("Params: n=$n, k=$k, skip=$skip, shift=$shift, cardinality=$cardinality, choices=$choices, degree=$degree") }
     .let { if (skip == 1) it else it.filterIndexed { i, _ -> i % skip == shift } }
@@ -434,4 +275,30 @@ fun <T> List<T>.sampleWithGeomDecay(): T {
   }
 
   return this[index]
+}
+
+fun bigLFSRSequence(int: Int) = bigLFSRSequence(BigInteger(int))
+fun bigLFSRSequence(maxVal: BigInteger) =
+  BigLFSR(makeBigIntFromTaps(Polynomials.xlinz[maxVal.bitLength()]!!)).sequence().filter { it < maxVal }
+fun bigLFSRSequence(taps: List<Int>) = BigLFSR(makeBigIntFromTaps(taps)).sequence()
+
+fun makeBigIntFromTaps(taps: List<Int>) =
+  taps.map {
+    BigInteger.parseString(Array(it + 1) { if (it == 0) '1' else '0' }.joinToString(""), 2)
+  }.reduce { a, c -> a.or(c) }.or(BigInteger.ONE)
+
+class BigLFSR(primitivePoly: BigInteger, val start: BigInteger = BigInteger.ONE) {
+  private val taps: BigInteger = primitivePoly.shr(1)
+
+  fun sequence() = sequence {
+    var last = start
+    var next: BigInteger
+    while (true) {
+      val shiftedOutA1: Boolean = last.bitAt(0)
+      next = last.shr(1)
+      if (shiftedOutA1) { next = next.xor(taps) }
+      if (next == start) break else yield(next)
+      last = next
+    }
+  }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/commonTest/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/SamplingTest.kt b/src/commonTest/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/SamplingTest.kt
index b3550a27..18669027 100644
--- a/src/commonTest/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/SamplingTest.kt
+++ b/src/commonTest/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/sampling/SamplingTest.kt
@@ -94,4 +94,21 @@ class SamplingTest {
       .also { assertEquals(totalKCombinations * totalTuples, it.size) }
       .also { assertEquals(it, it.distinct()) }
   }
+
+/*
+./gradlew jvmTest --tests "ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.sampling.SamplingTest.testBigIntegerLFSR"
+*/
+
+  @Test
+  fun testBigIntegerLFSR() {
+    val lfsr = bigLFSRSequence(9295)
+    val list = lfsr.toList()
+    val distinct = list.distinct()
+    println("Total: ${list.size}")
+    println("Distinct: ${distinct.size}")
+    assertEquals(list.size, distinct.size)
+//    println("5: ${list.size + 1} / ${2.0.pow(5).toInt()}")
+//    assertEquals(2.0.pow(5).toInt(), list.size + 1)
+//    assertEquals(2.0.pow(5).toInt(), distinct.size + 1)
+  }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/jvmTest/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/automata/WFSATest.kt b/src/jvmTest/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/automata/WFSATest.kt
index 008fcb73..e647ebda 100644
--- a/src/jvmTest/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/automata/WFSATest.kt
+++ b/src/jvmTest/kotlin/ai/hypergraph/kaliningraph/automata/WFSATest.kt
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import Grammars
 import Grammars.shortS2PParikhMap
 import ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.graphs.LabeledGraph
 import ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.parsing.*
-import ai.hypergraph.kaliningraph.visualization.*
 import net.jhoogland.jautomata.*
 import net.jhoogland.jautomata.Automaton
 import net.jhoogland.jautomata.operations.*
@@ -73,8 +72,9 @@ class WFSATest {
     val pt = Grammars.seq2parsePythonCFG.makeLevPTree(toRepair, radius, shortS2PParikhMap)
     println(pt.totalTrees.toString())
     val maxResults = 10_000
-    val repairs = pt.sampleStrWithoutReplacement()
-      .distinct().take(maxResults).toSet()
+    val ptreeRepairs = measureTimedValue {
+      pt.sampleStrWithoutReplacement().distinct().take(maxResults).toSet()
+    }
     measureTimedValue {
       pt.propagator<Automaton<String, Double>>(
         both = { a, b -> if (a == null) b else if (b == null) a else Concatenation(a, b) },
@@ -100,8 +100,7 @@ class WFSATest {
 //        val colorB = if (b.isEmpty()) "" else levenshteinAlign(toRepair, b).paintANSIColors()
 //        println("$colorA\n$colorB\n")
 //      }
-
-      assertEquals(it.value, repairs)
+      assertEquals(it.value.size, ptreeRepairs.value.size)
 
       it.value.forEach {
         println(levenshteinAlign(toRepair, it).paintANSIColors())
@@ -109,8 +108,8 @@ class WFSATest {
         assertTrue(it in Grammars.seq2parsePythonCFG.language)
       }
 
-      println("Found ${it.value.size} unique repairs by decoding WFSA")
-      println("Found ${repairs.size} unique repairs by enumerating PTree")
+      println("Found ${it.value.size} unique repairs by decoding WFSA in ${it.duration}")
+      println("Found ${ptreeRepairs.value.size} unique repairs by enumerating PTree in ${ptreeRepairs.duration}")
     }.also { println("Decoding ${it.value.size} repairs took ${it.duration}") }
   }