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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2019/07/02/到底应该怎么理解平均负载/" itemprop="url">到底应该怎么理解平均负载</a></h2>
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<h4 id="1、如何了解系统的平均负载"><a href="#1、如何了解系统的平均负载" class="headerlink" title="1、如何了解系统的平均负载"></a>1、如何了解系统的平均负载</h4><blockquote>
<p>每次发现系统变慢时，我们通常做的第一件事，就是执行 top，或者 uptime 命令，来了解系统的负载情况。比如像下面这样，我在命令行里输入了 uptime 命令，系统负载情况。</p>
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<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@bogon ~]<span class="comment"># uptime</span></span><br><span class="line"> 15:20:35 up 3:44, 4 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我相信你对前面的几列比较熟悉，它们分别是当前时间、系统运行时、以及正在登录用户数。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> 15:20:35 // 当前时间</span><br><span class="line"> up 3:44 // 系统运行时间</span><br><span class="line"> 4 users // 当前登录用户数</span><br><span class="line">load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 // 过去1分钟、5分钟、15分钟的负载数</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="2、什么是平均负载？"><a href="#2、什么是平均负载？" class="headerlink" title="2、什么是平均负载？"></a>2、什么是平均负载？</h4><p>它是最常见也是最重要的系统指标。简单来说，平均负载时是单位时间内，系统处于<strong>可运行</strong>及<strong>不可中断</strong>状态的平均进程数，也就是<strong>平均活跃进程数</strong>。所以，它不仅包括了<strong>正在使用CPU的进程</strong>，还包括了<strong>等待CPU</strong>和<strong>等待I/O</strong>的进程。和CPU使用率没有直接关系。</p>
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<li><strong>可运行状态的进程：</strong> 是指正在使用CPU或者正在等待CPU的进程。也就是我们用ps命令看到处于R状态的进程。 </li>
<li><strong>不可中断状态的进程：</strong> 是指哪些处于内核态关键流程中的进程，并且这些流程是不可打断的，比如最常见的是等待硬件设备的I/O响应，也就说我们用ps看到处于D状态(Uninterruptible Sleep，也称为 Disk Sleep) 的进程。这其实是系统对进程和硬件设备的一种保护机制。</li>
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<p>Helm is the best way to find, share, and use software built for Kubernetes.</p>
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<p>Helm会通过读取Kubernetes配置文件(通常是$HOME/.kube/config)来找到安装Tiller的位置。这与kubectl使用的文件相同。要确定将把Tiller安装到哪个集群，可以运行kubectl配置current-context或kubectl cluster-info。</p>
<h3 id="安装Helm和安装Tiller"><a href="#安装Helm和安装Tiller" class="headerlink" title="安装Helm和安装Tiller"></a>安装Helm和安装Tiller</h3><h4 id="初始化Helm和安装Tiller"><a href="#初始化Helm和安装Tiller" class="headerlink" title="初始化Helm和安装Tiller"></a>初始化Helm和安装Tiller</h4><p>准备好Helm后，您可以初始化本地CLI，也可以一步将Tiller安装到Kubernetes集群中:。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ helm init</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这将把Tiller安装到您在kubectl配置当前上下文中看到的Kubernetes集群中。</p>
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<p>相信每个公司都有自己代码管理策略，如何更好的在团队开发中使用版本控制系统，商定一个统一的工作流程至关重要。将代码根据管理策略进行管理，那么如何更好的编译你的代码，发布你的代码自动发布到测试环境-预发布环境-生产环境，这又是一个亟待解决的重要问题。下面我给大家介绍一下，我们公司的代码管理-编译-发布等系列流程，希望跟大家一起交流，共同进步。</p>
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<h2 id="如何更好的管理代码"><a href="#如何更好的管理代码" class="headerlink" title="如何更好的管理代码?"></a>如何更好的管理代码?</h2><p>当在团队开发中使用版本控制系统时，商定一个统一的工作流程是至关重要的。Git 的确可以在各个方面做很多事情，然而，如果在你的团队中还没有能形成一个特定有效的工作流程，那么混乱就将是不可避免的。下面我给大家介绍一下我们公司使用的非常流行的工作流程 git-flow。</p>
<h3 id="在项目中设置git-flow"><a href="#在项目中设置git-flow" class="headerlink" title="在项目中设置git-flow"></a>在项目中设置git-flow</h3><p>当你想把你的项目 “切换” 到 git-flow 上后，Git 还是可以像往常一样工作的。这完全是取决于你在仓库上使用特殊的 git-flow 命令或是普通的 Git 命令。换句话说，git-flow 它不会以任何一种戏剧性的方式来改变你的仓库。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ git flow init</span><br><span class="line">Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/tobi/acme-website/.git/</span><br><span class="line">Branch name for production releases: [master]</span><br><span class="line">Branch name for "next release" development: [develop]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">How to name your supporting branch prefixes?</span><br><span class="line">Feature branches? [feature/]</span><br><span class="line">Release branches? [release/]</span><br><span class="line">Hotfix branches? [hotfix/]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当在项目的根目录执行 “git flow init” 命令时（它是否已经包括了一个 Git 仓库并不重要），一个交互式安装助手将引导您完成这个初始化操作。听起来是不是有点炫，但实际上它只是在你的分支上配置了一些命名规则。</p>
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