diff --git a/src/ruis/render/factory.hpp b/src/ruis/render/factory.hpp
index 0a7bc105..7159765f 100644
--- a/src/ruis/render/factory.hpp
+++ b/src/ruis/render/factory.hpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class factory
 
 	virtual utki::shared_ref<vertex_array> create_vertex_array(
 		std::vector<utki::shared_ref<const ruis::render::vertex_buffer>> buffers,
-		const utki::shared_ref<const ruis::render::index_buffer>& indices,
+		utki::shared_ref<const ruis::render::index_buffer> indices,
 		vertex_array::mode rendering_mode
 	) = 0;
 
diff --git a/src/ruis/render/vertex_array.cpp b/src/ruis/render/vertex_array.cpp
index 9fb9d977..41f8c2a3 100644
--- a/src/ruis/render/vertex_array.cpp
+++ b/src/ruis/render/vertex_array.cpp
@@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ using namespace ruis::render;
 
 vertex_array::vertex_array(
 	buffers_type buffers,
-	// NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-pass-by-value)
-	const utki::shared_ref<const ruis::render::index_buffer>& indices,
+	utki::shared_ref<const ruis::render::index_buffer> indices,
 	mode rendering_mode
 ) :
 	buffers(std::move(buffers)),
-	indices(indices),
+	indices(std::move(indices)),
 	rendering_mode(rendering_mode)
 {
 	if (this->buffers.empty()) {
diff --git a/src/ruis/render/vertex_array.hpp b/src/ruis/render/vertex_array.hpp
index a5bb46fd..853acd91 100644
--- a/src/ruis/render/vertex_array.hpp
+++ b/src/ruis/render/vertex_array.hpp
@@ -58,7 +58,11 @@ class vertex_array
 	const mode rendering_mode;
 
 protected:
-	vertex_array(buffers_type buffers, const utki::shared_ref<const index_buffer>& indices, mode rendering_mode);
+	vertex_array(
+		buffers_type buffers, //
+		utki::shared_ref<const index_buffer> indices,
+		mode rendering_mode
+	);
 
 public:
 	vertex_array(const vertex_array&) = delete;
diff --git a/tests/harness/modules/ruis-render-null b/tests/harness/modules/ruis-render-null
index 9df06325..599b3cb8 160000
--- a/tests/harness/modules/ruis-render-null
+++ b/tests/harness/modules/ruis-render-null
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 9df063257d3a71c27cbc757fdfe363e01de1cdc6
+Subproject commit 599b3cb8ba4fad9f28454f3ae80f97e02c0c445d
diff --git a/tests/harness/modules/ruisapp b/tests/harness/modules/ruisapp
index 3e4a9d46..686fabef 160000
--- a/tests/harness/modules/ruisapp
+++ b/tests/harness/modules/ruisapp
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 3e4a9d463355827cb216787bd35768c245aa47c2
+Subproject commit 686fabefc9aa0658e1b8ca8ebf8c04d9474da37e