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The SCons qt5 tool

Basics

This tool can be used to compile Qt projects, designed for versions 5.x.y and higher. It is not usable for Qt3 and older versions, since some of the helper tools (moc, uic) behave different.

Install

Installing it, requires you to copy (or, even better: checkout) the contents of the package's qt5 folder to

  1. "/path_to_your_project/site_scons/site_tools/qt5", if you need the Qt5 Tool in one project only, or
  2. "~/.scons/site_scons/site_tools/qt5", for a system-wide installation under your current login.

For more infos about this, please refer to

How to activate

For activating the tool "qt5", you have to add its name to the Environment constructor, like this

env = Environment(tools=['default','qt5'])

On its startup, the Qt5 tool tries to read the variable QT5DIR from the current Environment and os.environ. If it is not set, the value of QTDIR (in Environment/os.environ) is used as a fallback.

So, you either have to explicitly give the path of your Qt5 installation to the Environment with

env['QT5DIR'] = '/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-5.2.3'

or set the QT5DIR as environment variable in your shell.

Requirements

Under Linux, "qt5" uses the system tool pkg-config for automatically setting the required compile and link flags of the single Qt5 modules (like QtCore, QtGui,...). This means that

  1. you should have pkg-config installed, and
  2. you additionally have to set PKG_CONFIG_PATH in your shell environment, such that it points to $``QT5DIR/lib/pkgconfig`` (or $``QT5DIR/lib`` for some older versions).

Based on these two environment variables (QT5DIR and PKG_CONFIG_PATH), the "qt5" tool initializes all QT5_* construction variables listed in the Reference manual. This happens when the tool is "detected" during Environment construction. As a consequence, the setup of the tool gets a two-stage process, if you want to override the values provided by your current shell settings:

# Stage 1: create plain environment
qtEnv = Environment()
# Set new vars
qtEnv['QT5DIR'] = '/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-5.2.3
qtEnv['ENV']['PKG_CONFIG_PATH'] = '/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-5.2.3/lib/pkgconfig'
# Stage 2: add qt5 tool
qtEnv.Tool('qt5')

Suggested boilerplate

Based on the requirements above, we suggest a simple ready-to-go setup as follows:

SConstruct

# Detect Qt version
qtdir = detectLatestQtDir()

# Create base environment
baseEnv = Environment()
#...further customization of base env

# Clone Qt environment
qtEnv = baseEnv.Clone()
# Set QT5DIR and PKG_CONFIG_PATH
qtEnv['ENV']['PKG_CONFIG_PATH'] = os.path.join(qtdir, 'lib/pkgconfig')
qtEnv['QT5DIR'] = qtdir
# Add qt5 tool
qtEnv.Tool('qt5')
#...further customization of qt env

# Export environments
Export('baseEnv qtEnv')

# Your other stuff...
# ...including the call to your SConscripts

In a SConscript

# Get the Qt5 environment
Import('qtEnv')
# Clone it
env = qtEnv.clone()
# Patch it
env.Append(CCFLAGS=['-m32']) # or whatever
# Use it
env.StaticLibrary('foo', Glob('*.cpp'))

The detection of the Qt directory could be as simple as directly assigning a fixed path

def detectLatestQtDir():
    return "/usr/local/qt5.3.2"

or a little more sophisticated

# Tries to detect the path to the installation of Qt with
# the highest version number
def detectLatestQtDir():
    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
        # Simple check: inspect only '/usr/local/Trolltech'
        paths = glob.glob('/usr/local/Trolltech/*')
        if len(paths):
            paths.sort()
            return paths[-1]
        else:
            return ""
    else:
        # Simple check: inspect only 'C:\Qt'
        paths = glob.glob('C:\\Qt\\*')
        if len(paths):
            paths.sort()
            return paths[-1]
        else:
            return os.environ.get("QTDIR","")

A first project

The following SConscript is for a simple project with some cxx files, using the QtCore, QtGui and QtNetwork modules:

Import('qtEnv')
env = qtEnv.Clone()
env.EnableQt5Modules([
                      'QtGui',
                      'QtCore',
                      'QtNetwork'
                     ])
# Add your CCFLAGS and CPPPATHs to env here...

env.Program('foo', Glob('*.cpp'))

MOC it up

For the basic support of automocing, nothing needs to be done by the user. The tool usually detects the Q_OBJECT macro and calls the "moc" executable accordingly.

If you don't want this, you can switch off the automocing by a

env['QT5_AUTOSCAN'] = 0

in your SConscript file. Then, you have to moc your files explicitly, using the Moc5 builder.

You can also switch to an extended automoc strategy with

env['QT5_AUTOSCAN_STRATEGY'] = 1

Please read the description of the QT5_AUTOSCAN_STRATEGY variable in the Reference manual for details.

For debugging purposes, you can set the variable QT5_DEBUG with

env['QT5_DEBUG'] = 1

which outputs a lot of messages during automocing.

Forms (.ui)

The header files with setup code for your GUI classes, are not compiled automatically from your .ui files. You always have to call the Uic5 builder explicitly like

env.Uic5(Glob('*.ui'))
env.Program('foo', Glob('*.cpp'))

Resource files (.qrc)

Resource files are not built automatically, you always have to add the names of the .qrc files to the source list for your program or library:

env.Program('foo', Glob('*.cpp')+Glob('*.qrc'))

For each of the Resource input files, its prefix defines the name of the resulting resource. An appropriate "-name" option is added to the call of the rcc executable by default.

You can also call the Qrc5 builder explicitly as

qrccc = env.Qrc5('foo') # ['foo.qrc'] -> ['qrc_foo.cc']

or (overriding the default suffix)

qrccc = env.Qrc5('myprefix_foo.cxx','foo.qrc') # -> ['qrc_myprefix_foo.cxx']

and then add the resulting cxx file to the sources of your Program/Library:

env.Program('foo', Glob('*.cpp') + qrccc)

Translation files

The update of the .ts files and the conversion to binary .qm files is not done automatically. You have to call the corresponding builders on your own.

Example for updating a translation file:

env.Ts5('foo.ts','.') # -> ['foo.ts']

By default, the .ts files are treated as precious targets. This means that they are not removed prior to a rebuild, but simply get updated. Additionally, they do not get cleaned on a "scons -c". If you want to delete the translation files on the "-c" SCons command, you can set the variable "QT5_CLEAN_TS" like this

env['QT5_CLEAN_TS']=1

Example for releasing a translation file, i.e. compiling it to a .qm binary file:

env.Qm5('foo') # ['foo.ts'] -> ['foo.qm']

or (overriding the output prefix)

env.Qm5('myprefix','foo') # ['foo.ts'] -> ['myprefix.qm']

As an extension both, the Ts5() and Qm5 builder, support the definition of multiple targets. So, calling

env.Ts5(['app_en','app_de'], Glob('*.cpp'))

and

env.Qm5(['app','copy'], Glob('*.ts'))

should work fine.

Finally, two short notes about the support of directories for the Ts5() builder. You can pass an arbitrary mix of cxx files and subdirs to it, as in

env.Ts5('app_en',['sub1','appwindow.cpp','main.cpp']))

where sub1 is a folder that gets scanned recursively for cxx files by lupdate. But like this, you lose all dependency information for the subdir, i.e. if a file inside the folder changes, the .ts file is not updated automatically! In this case you should tell SCons to always update the target:

ts = env.Ts5('app_en',['sub1','appwindow.cpp','main.cpp'])
env.AlwaysBuild(ts)

Last note: specifying the current folder "." as input to Ts5() and storing the resulting .ts file in the same directory, leads to a dependency cycle! You then have to store the .ts and .qm files outside of the current folder, or use Glob('*.cpp')) instead.