diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 68b4966..db1a095 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ ignore = [
     "PLR0913", # Too many arguments in function definition
     "SIM105", # Use `contextlib.suppress(IOError)` instead of `try`-`except`-`pass`
     "PERF203", # `try`-`except` within a loop incurs performance overhead
+    "PLR1714", # Consider merging multiple comparisons. Use a `set` if the elements are hashable
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
diff --git a/tosfs/core.py b/tosfs/core.py
index bb62302..af16111 100644
--- a/tosfs/core.py
+++ b/tosfs/core.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 )
 from tosfs.exceptions import TosfsError
 from tosfs.fsspec_utils import glob_translate
-from tosfs.stability import retryable_func_executor
+from tosfs.retry import retryable_func_executor
 from tosfs.utils import find_bucket_key, get_brange
 
 logger = logging.getLogger("tosfs")
diff --git a/tosfs/stability.py b/tosfs/retry.py
similarity index 77%
rename from tosfs/stability.py
rename to tosfs/retry.py
index 9293959..f981bce 100644
--- a/tosfs/stability.py
+++ b/tosfs/retry.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-"""The module contains utility functions for the tosfs stability."""
-
+"""The module contains retry utility functions for the tosfs stability."""
+import math
 import time
 from typing import Any, Optional, Tuple
 
@@ -33,11 +33,14 @@
 from tosfs.exceptions import TosfsError
 
 CONFLICT_CODE = "409"
+TOO_MANY_REQUESTS_CODE = "429"
+SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = "503"
 
 TOS_SERVER_RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES = {
-    CONFLICT_CODE,  # CONFLICT
-    "429",  # TOO_MANY_REQUESTS
-    "500",  # INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
+    CONFLICT_CODE,
+    TOO_MANY_REQUESTS_CODE,
+    "500",  # INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+    SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
 }
 
 TOS_SERVER_NOT_RETRYABLE_CONFLICT_ERROR_CODES = {
@@ -68,6 +71,8 @@
 }
 
 MAX_RETRY_NUM = 20
+SLEEP_BASE_SECONDS = 0.1
+SLEEP_MAX_SECONDS = 60
 
 
 def retryable_func_executor(
@@ -99,7 +104,8 @@ def retryable_func_executor(
                     "Retry TOS request in the %d times, error: %s", attempt, e
                 )
                 try:
-                    time.sleep(min(1.7**attempt * 0.1, 15))
+                    sleep_time = _get_sleep_time(e, attempt)
+                    time.sleep(sleep_time)
                 except InterruptedError as ie:
                     raise TosfsError(f"Request {func} interrupted.") from ie
             else:
@@ -132,3 +138,23 @@ def _is_retryable_tos_client_exception(e: TosError) -> bool:
     return isinstance(e, TosClientError) and any(
         isinstance(e.cause, excp) for excp in TOS_CLIENT_RETRYABLE_EXCEPTIONS
     )
+
+
+def _get_sleep_time(err: TosError, retry_count: int) -> float:
+    sleep_time = SLEEP_BASE_SECONDS * math.pow(2, retry_count)
+    sleep_time = min(sleep_time, SLEEP_MAX_SECONDS)
+    if (
+        isinstance(err, TosServerError)
+        and (
+            err.status_code == TOO_MANY_REQUESTS_CODE
+            or err.status_code == SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
+        )
+        and "retry-after" in err.headers
+    ):
+        try:
+            sleep_time = max(int(err.headers["retry-after"]), int(sleep_time))
+        except Exception as e:
+            from tosfs.core import logger
+
+            logger.warning("try to parse retry-after from headers error: {}".format(e))
+    return sleep_time