see: arch-install-notes.org for more up-2-date installation notes!!!!
https://www.archlinux.org/download/
Note: Check with lsblk that the USB device is not mounted
$ lsblk
USE: /dev/sdx instead of /dev/sdx1
$ sudo dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx
#### # gdisk /dev/sda
We’ll use sgdisk
Determine how much ram your system has:
Partitions:
| # | Label | Size | Type | File System | Device | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BIOS Boot | +2m | EF02 | none | /dev/sda1 | no need to format |
| 2 | root | +32g | 8300 | ext4 | /dev/sda2 | |
| 3 | FreeDOS | +1g | 0700 | vfat | /dev/sda3 | useful for flashing BIOS |
| 4 | GParted | +1g | 8300 | ext4 | /dev/sda4 | |
| 5 | swap | double ram | 8200 | swap | /dev/sda5 | needed to be able to hibernate!!! |
| 6 | pkg | +20g | 8300 | ext4 | /dev/sda6 | put our package database here |
| 7 | home | remainder | 8300 | ext4 | /dev/sda7 |
- Print partition table after finished with gdisk
- Make the filesystem/swap with: `mkfs.ext4`, `mkfs.vfat`, and `mkswap`
as per table above, example:
Turn on swap
Mount `root` and `home` partitions:
++ Determine you local IP
++ generate your ssh keys
for location choose:
/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
++ Start the sshd
ignore warnings about “Could not load…”
++ set a root passwd
++ copy the ssh key from old computer to new (being installed computer). Sample/example IP address.
% ssh-copy-id [email protected]
++ export TERM=linux
++ ssh in from old to new:
% ssh [email protected]
- On new do:
Note we have an `sshfs` able computer at IP: 192.168.1.44
++ put aside the existing `/var/cache/pacman/pkg` folder:
++ mount the external pacman cache:
++ Mount sshfs with:
% sudo pacman -S nfs-utils % sudo systemctl enable rpc-idmapd.service rpc-mountd.service % sudo systemctl start rpc-idmapd.service rpc-mountd.service
In `/etc/fstab`:
“` /var/cache/pacman/pkg /srv/nfs4/pacman-cache none bind 0 0 /var/lib/pacman/sync /srv/nfs4/pacman-db none bind 0 0 “`
In `/etc/exports`:
“` srv/nfs4 192.168.1.1/24(rw,fsid=root,no_subtree_check) /srv/nfs4/pacman-cache 192.168.1.1/24(rw,no_subtree_check,nohide) /srv/nfs4/pacman-db 192.168.1.1/24(rw,no_subtree_check,nohide) “`
% sudo exportfs -vfa % sudo mount -a
- Assume NFS server IP = 192.168.1.44.
- Ensure dirs: `/mnt/var/lib/pacman/sync` and `/mnt/var/cache/pacman/pkg` exist and are empty, then do:
if you want to unmount you can do:
assume we have packages cache mounted to: /mnt/pm
Add an entry to file system table `/mnt/etc/fstab` for the swap.
“` /dev/sda5 none swap defaults 0 0 “`
Uncomment line with `en_US.UTF-8` in it.
“` FONT=Lat2-Terminus16 “`
If this is a laptop:
If a desktop:
Consider using grub, which allows you to install gparted as a boot option so if you want to post-install modify your partitions it’s easier. I.e. I now want suspend to work with my laptop but it requires a swap partition, which requires gparted to change the partitions…
… TIMEOUT 5 … LABEL arch … APPEND root=/dev/sda1 ro …
fenton ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
From another computer you might want to do: $ ssh-copy-id fenton@<ip-address> $ scp id_rsa <ip-address>:~/.ssh/ $ scp id_rsa.pub <ip-address>:~/.ssh/
Back on original computer clone the git repo % git clone [email protected]:ft.home.dir.git % mv ft.home.dir fenton % tar cvfz fenton.tgz fenton % sudo cp fenton.tgz .. % cd ..; tar xvfzm fenton.tgz % sudo rm -f fenton.tgz
Login as fenton now. Your wireless might have got adjusted so: $ iwconfig # <– find your new wireless adapter, eg:wlp3s0 $ sudo wifi-menu wlp3s0 Make sure that the correct wireless interface (e.g. wlp3s0) is set in /etc/conf.d/netcfg
Enable multilib in /etc/pacman.conf
$ sudo pacman -S reflector $ sudo cp -vf /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.backup $ sudo reflector –verbose -l 200 -p http –sort rate –save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist $ sudo pacman -S openssh git net-tools rxvt-unicode ntp $ sudo systemctl enable sshd $ sudo systemctl start sshd $ sudo systemctl enable ntpd $ sudo systemctl start ntpd
Secure ssh as follows:
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
SSH into the machine from your other machine so have cut and paste, etc…
$ scp [email protected]:/home/ftravers/ssh.tgz . $ tar xvfz ssh.tgz $ chmod 600 .ssh/id_rsa
Test with:
$ ssh [email protected]
If preparing a computer for Fenton do following, otherwise go to next section:
$ git clone [email protected]:ft.home.dir.git $ mkdir -p projects/docs-DIR/; cd !$ $ git clone [email protected]:documentation.git $ cd documentation; chmod +x arch-packages.md
Modify /etc/pacman.conf so SigLevels are all: Optional TrustAll
$ ./arch-packages.md $ mv ft.home.dir/ fenton $ tar cvfz fenton.tgz fenton $ sudo mv fenton.tgz ..; cd ..; sudo tar xvfz fenton.tgz $ cd fenton $ chmod 600 .ssh/id_rsa
$ cp .xinitrc-desktop .xinitrc
$ scp [email protected]:/home/annie/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ~/projects/dh-gitosis/keydir/aspire_one.pub $ cd ~/projects/dh-gitosis/; pul;
edit `~/projects/dh-gitosis/gitosis.conf` adding pub file, and pus, then from new computer do:
$ git clone [email protected]:basic-user-settings.git $ mv basic-user-settings/ annie $ tar cvfz annie.tgz annie/ $ sudo mv annie.tgz /home $ cd /home $ tar xvfz annie.tgz
$ lspci | grep VGA
Here I install the intel video card:
$ sudo pacman -S xf86-video-intel
for other cards see:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners’_Guide#Install_a_video_driver
$ mkdir -p ~/projects/docs-DIR/ $ cd !$ $ git clone [email protected]:documentation.git $ documentation/arch-packages.md
Optional additional git repos you might want to add:
$ cd ~/projects/docs-DIR; git clone [email protected]:pers-docs.git $ mkdir pers-docs/empty
$ sudo vi /etc/slim.conf
“` default_user fenton auto_login yes “`
$ sudo systemctl enable slim.service
some dependencies: binutils
$ wget https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pa/package-query/package-query.tar.gz $ wget https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ya/yaourt/yaourt.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz package-query.tar.gz; tar xvfz yaourt.tar.gz $ cd package-query; makepkg -s; sudo pacman -U package-query…; cd .. $ cd yaourt; makepkg -s; sudo pacman -U yaourt…; cd .. $ rm -rf yaourt* package-query*
$ yaourt slime-cvs kdegraphics-okular google-talkplugin
$ wget http://beta.quicklisp.org/quicklisp.lisp $ sbcl –load quicklisp.lisp
- (quicklisp-quickstart:install)
- (ql:quickload “quicklisp-slime-helper”)
- (SB-EXT:EXIT)
% mv .sbclrc.bak .sbclrc % sbcl
- (SB-EXT:EXIT)
$ mkdir -p projects/lisp/systems
$ cd .emacs.d; cp workgroups.copy workgroups
Install packages:
bookmark+, org2blog, workgroups, icicles
$ cd ~/projects; git clone [email protected]:gitosis-admin.git dh-gitosis $ cd docs-DIR; git clone [email protected]:pers-docs.git $ cd ../lisp/; git clone [email protected]:urban-farmer.git $ git clone [email protected]:common-socialisp.git $ git clone [email protected]:todo.git
Now get all your monitors plugged in and run: $ arandr Save your settings $ rm -f scripts/rar
In the command below change first argument to name you used above saving the arandr config. $ chmod +x .screenlayout/lenovo_syncmaster.sh $ cd scripts $ ln -s ../.screenlayout/lenovo_syncmaster.sh rar
Choose: lib32-mesa-libgl, when it comes up as an option.
To copy over a movie
sudo mtp-connect –sendfile <src-file> Movies
To copy over music
sudo mtp-connect –sendfile <src-file> Music
Ensure you choose `Bridged Networking` and select correct network adaptor.
Simply go through accepting all defaults except for what is listed below.
Setup static ip at: `/etc/rc.conf`, insert
“`
address=192.168.0.2 interface=eth0 netmask=255.255.255.0 broadcast=192.168.0.255 gateway=192.168.0.1 “`
setup nameserver (dns)
“` cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.0.1 “`
Comment out servers in `/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` for your country.
Shutdown the VM with: `shutdown -h now`
Remove the arch.iso file from the CD and start the Arch VM up again.
Get the latest mirrors:
and uncomment for your country in the file.
Update system with:
Note answer `n` when it says:
:: Do you want to cancel the current operation :: and upgrade these packages now? [Y/n]
Answer `y` for remaining questions.
If you get an error message saying:
error: failed to commit transaction (conflicting files)
and then it says some file `exists in the filesystem`, simply delete those files and retry: `pacman -Syyu`, again saying `n` when it asks if you want to upgrade.
Add it as a daemon after `network` to `/etc/rc.conf`:
DAEMONS=(… network @sshd …)
Reboot and ssh into it so you can enjoy your nice terminal client.
add it to the daemons array in `rc.conf`
DAEMONS=(… dbus …)
Install sudo:
Add a user, default group: `users`, shell is `bash`
how to add a user to a group:
$ sudo gpasswd -a user group
allow docs to do everything with an entry like:
fenton ALL=(ALL) ALL
[beginners guide - x][arch-beg-x-win]
[virtual box][arch-virtual-box]
“`bash
“`
add to `rc.conf`
MODULES=(… vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo)
If you are using Arch installed directly on your hardware, you could use the i3 window manager, otherwise you might want to use xfce4.
install i3 window manager
pacman -S i3
accept default to install all items.
Create an ~/.xinitrc
cat > ~/.xinitrc exec i3
Reboot for good measure!
install
pacman -s xfce4
accept default to get all packages, to start do:
startxfce4
If this is inside a virtualbox vm, I normally remap the Host Key from right Ctrl to F12 key. File > Preferences > Input. The right ctrl key is used extensively for emacs!
install rlwrap:
install java:
Install Clojure, see: clojure.html
Setup ELPA see: emacs.html
Add packages: clojure-mode, clojure-test-mode
Install rvm under current user ‘fenton’.
“`bash $ curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable “`
add to `~/.bashrc`:
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"
test with:
“`bash $ type rvm | head -n1 rvm is a function “`
get some rvm completions with:
“`bash
[[ -r "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/completion" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/completion"
“`
- left menu click `Dynamic DNS`
- Click ‘direct URL’ beside your root domain (i.e. not any
`mail.domain.com` or something like that records, just the `domain.com` record.
You’ll see a URL something like:
http://freedns.afraid.org/dynamic/update.php?ZRRJZ...................bzo4Njc1M4DA
install software:
$ sudo pacman -S cronie $ crontab -e
This will allow you to edit your crontab (Chronological Table).
Put in a line like:
*/1 * * * * curl -ks http://freedns.afraid.org/dynamic/update.php?ZRRJZ...................bzo4Njc1M4DA > /dev/null
Changing the URL to be what you got in the step above.
Enable, starte and view status of `cronie` service
$ sudo systemctl enable cronie.service … $ sudo systemctl start cronie.service $ sudo systemctl status cronie.service …
Monitor it runs with:
$ sudo journalctl -u cronie.service -f
[rvm ruby reference][rvm ruby]
now become user: `docs` (or whatever user you plan on being when you are using ruby)
$ sudo bash < <(curl -s https://raw.github.com/wayneeseguin/rvm/master/binscripts/rvm-installer ) $ sudo usermod -a -G rvm docs
as root:
as docs user:
$ rvm install 1.9.3 $ rvm use 1.9.3 –default
[Ref](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/KVM)
Add a user `fenton`, default group: `users`, shell is `bash`
Add user `fenton` to sudo:
Put in entry like:
fenton ALL=(ALL) ALL
add modules to `/etc/rc.conf`
MODULES=(kvm kvm-intel)
Reboot.
Login as `fenton`, and create OS Image
“`bash
$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 arch2 2G “`
first ensure you have a rvm/ruby environment setup.
install `passenger-install-nginx-module`
Gem install passenger passenger-install-nginx-module
just follow the defaults
Edit the `/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf` to specify where to save the nginx pid file to:
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
Create a start file in: `/etc/rc.d/nginx` (755 permissions), with the following contents:
“` #!/bin/bash
NGINX_CONFIG=”/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf”
. /etc/conf.d/nginx . /etc/rc.conf . /etc/rc.d/functions
function check_config stat_busy “Checking configuration” /usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -c “$NGINX_CONFIG” if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then stat_die else stat_done fi }
case “$1” in start) check_config $0 careless_start ;; careless_start) stat_busy “Starting Nginx” if [ -s /var/run/nginx.pid ]; then stat_fail
stat_busy “Nginx is already running”
stat_die
fi
/usr/sbin/nginx -c “$NGINX_CONFIG” &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
stat_fail
else
add_daemon nginx
stat_done
fi
;;
stop)
stat_busy “Stopping Nginx”
NGINX_PID=`cat /var/run/nginx.pid 2>/dev/null`
kill -QUIT
Have a `/etc/conf.d/nginx` file with the following in it:
“` NGINX_CONFIG=/etc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf “`
Modify the user `nginx` runs as, with a line like the following in `/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf`
Suppose you have a Ruby on Rails application in /somewhere. Add a server block to your Nginx configuration file, set its root to /somewhere/public, and set ‘passenger_enabled on’, like this:
“` server { listen 80; server_name www.yourhost.com; root /somewhere/public; # <— be sure to point to ‘public’! passenger_enabled on; } “`
[ref](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Nginx)
Start:
Home page: `/etc/nginx/html/index.html`, test with: `http://127.0.0.1`
Add to daemon list: `/etc/rc.conf`:
DAEMONS=(… @nginx)
You can modify the configurations by editing the files in `/etc/nginx/conf`. (`/etc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf` being the main config file.)
I have two 1920x1080 monitors I use side by side. In file: `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-monitor.conf` put:
“` Section “Monitor” Identifier “Monitor0” EndSection
Section “Device” Identifier “Device0” Driver “intel” #Choose the driver used for this monitor EndSection
Section “Screen” Identifier “Screen0” #Collapse Monitor and Device section to Screen section Device “Device0” Monitor “Monitor0” DefaultDepth 24 #Choose the depth (16||24) SubSection “Display” Depth 24 Modes “1920x1080” “1920x1080” #Choose the resolution Virtual 3840 2160 EndSubSection EndSection “`
To make monitors one big desktop create a script that you run with the following contents:
“` #!/bin/sh xrandr –auto –output VGA1 –mode 1920x1080 –left-of HDMI1 “`
xrandr -q
will give you the names of your monitors, like I have VGA1 and HDMI1
List fonts
fc-list | sed ‘s,:.*,,’ | sort -u
Add a font folder, can be put at the beginning of ~/.xinitrc
“` xset +fp /usr/share/fonts/local xset fp rehash “`
Query fonts path:
xset q
!!! NOTE UNFINISHED AND UNSUCCESSFUL !!!
When it comes to customizing xterm in a serious way XResources are the way to go.
XResources are read from the file ~/.Xresources when you login, but if you wish to force them to be reloaded you run the command:
xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources
Sample ~/.Xresources
“` ! ! Comments begin with a “!” character. !
XTerm*background: black XTerm*foreground: white XTerm*cursorColor: white XTerm.vt100.geometry: 79x25 XTerm*scrollBar: true XTerm*scrollTtyOutput: false “`
download vpn software and install
https://myaccess.oraclevpn.com
run:
$ sudo /etc/rc.d/vpnagentd_init start
install:
$ sudo pacman -S pangox-compat
then need to run the `~/vpnui` program, connect to:
https://myaccess.oraclevpn.com
“` #!/bin/bash
. /etc/rc.conf . /etc/rc.d/functions
case “$1” in start) stat_busy “Starting Nginx” /opt/cisco/vpn/bin/vpnagentd &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
stat_fail
else
add_daemon vpnagentd
stat_done
fi
;;
stop)
stat_busy “Stopping VPNAgentD”
VPNAGENTD_PID=`cat /var/run/vpnagentd.pid 2>/dev/null`
kill -QUIT
add entry to /etc/rc.conf
DAEMONS=(… @vpnagentd)
You need to make package installer from source. Steps are:
- Goto https://aur.archlinux.org to search packages
- Download tarball file
- Extract file using gunzip and tar
- In the extracted folder, run “makepkg -s”
- If successfully built, a new file like package.pkg.tar.xz is generated
- Run pacman -U package.pkg.tar.xz to install it
You can also use yaourt to build/install packages from AUR
- First you need to install yaourt not by pacman but by the above procedures
- Run yaourt, e.g. “yaourt libpng14”
- Select a number from the query result list, then go on as instructed
- Goto https://aur.archlinux.org to search packages
- dowload tar.gz: `yaourt 1.1-1`
“`bash $ tar xvfz yaourt-1.1.tar.gz $ make install “`
$ sudo pacman -S libreoffice
[ref](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LAMP#Apache)
Update: `/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf`
“`
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf “`
Virtual Hosts: `/etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf`
“`xml <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName docs DocumentRoot /home/docs/bin/website_static </VirtualHost> “`
Example for sshd:
All scripts are kept in the folder: `/etc/rc.d`
To download installer, method 1: Open browser and access http://myaccess.oraclevpn.com, after logging in, try to activate AnyConnect, browser would prompt for installation or downloading file which you can run to install; method 2: Goto ftp://obiftp/modules/unlicensed/global/ciscoanyconnect/2.5.3055/linux/ to download the 32bit or 64bit version for installation.
After installation, run /opt/cisco/vpn/bin/vpnui to start the vpn client. However, you may find that after rebooting, the vpn client is broken. What you see is a window just displayed and then disapear very quickly. The solution is to add vpnagentd_init to /etc/rc.conf’s DAEMONS section. Reboot or run: rc.d start vpnagentd_init.
Then you can enjoy vpn client successfully.
“` $ sudo pacman -S davfs2 $ sudo mount.davfs https://oracle-git.rnowtraining.com/dav ~/projects/cur-DIR/cx “`
To create a new truecrypt volume (file) interactively, type the following in a terminal:
truecrypt
The following mounts the file: `old-info` into the directory `empty`.
truecrypt /home/fenton/projects/docs-DIR/pers-docs/old-info /home/fenton/projects/docs-DIR/pers-docs/empty
password: hhmspiritpoemnumberhardfamilyone
just type:
truecrypt -d
If you get a message:
% sudo modprobe loop
add the flag: -m=nokernelcrypto to the truecrypt command.
To list files associated with a package:
pacman -Ql <package-name>
this should give you a list of explicitly installed packages
% pacman -Qet
- Database location: `/var/lib/pacman/sync/{core.db,testing.db,…}`
- Cache location: `/var/cache/pacman/pkg/`
$ sudo pacman -S apg
% apg -m 16 -x 16 -a 1 -n 20 -E \"\[0Ol1\|o\}\\\`\'] -M NCL
| -m | minimum length |
| -x | max length |
| -a 1 | use random password generation |
| -n | number of passwords to generate |
| -E | characters to avoid |
| -M | mode |
modes
| -M N | must use numeral |
| -M C | must use capital |
| -M L | must use small letters |
- setup in bios
in: `/etc/netctl/<PROFILE>` put:
ExecUpPost=’/usr/bin/ethtool -s enp0s25 wol g’
NOTE: change enp0s25 to the device reported by: `ip link`
Might have a line like the following to auto-shutdown after 20 mins:
xautolock -locker slimlock -time 10 -killer “sudo shutdown -h now” -killtime 10 &
- Over intranet:
alias wbi=’wol -i 192.168.1.44 bc:30:5b:9c:d3:56’
where machine address is retrieved with: `ip link`
- Over internet:
alias wbe=’wol -i bc:30:5b:9c:d3:56’
ref: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/NFS
Lets share pacman. There are two important folders: cache and db (see pacman section). So lets share the cache folder first:
/var/cache/pacman/pkg
to make a directory available temporarily you can use the command:
mount –bind <dir> <a mount point dir>
The first <dir> is the real directory you want to share.
The second <a mount point dir> is just an empty folder.
Example:
% mkdir ~fenton/mnt % sudo mount –bind ~fenton/Downloads ~fenton/mnt
- /etc/exports
/home/fenton/mnt 192.168.1.1/24(rw,no_subtree_check,nohide)
Each time you modify exports file you must run:
% sudo exportfs -rav
- services
Start/enable `rpc-idmapd.service` and `rpc-mountd.service`
Show currently loaded modules
% lsmod
Info about a module
% modinfo <module_name>
See the module files
% tree -d lib/modules/3.9.9-1-ARCH/kernel
Remove a module called foo
To be able to easily switch keyboard layouts, modify the Options used in either of the above two methods. For example, to switch between a US and a Swedish layout using the Caps Lock key, create a file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/01-keyboard-layout.conf with the following content:
Section “InputClass” Identifier “keyboard-layout” MatchIsKeyboard “on” Option “XkbLayout” “us, se” Option “XkbOptions” “grp:caps_toggle” EndSection
or from the command line:
% setxkbmap -model pc104 -layout us,th -option grp:caps_toggle
How to launch x window applications over SSH
on server in file: `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` set
X11Forwarding on
Then login to server with `-X` flag:
ssh -X [email protected]
Now launch an xwindow application and should show up on local laptop.
To setup an ethernet connect do the following:
To tunnel http through ssh. Use case: to visit sites blocked in one country that are available in another.
Blocking country: Thailand, Bangkok, with laptop Non Blocking Country: Canada, with server
from terminal:
ssh -D 8080 v5
chromium set: settings > preferences > advanced > network > connection > settings > manual proxy config >
Socks Host: 127.0.0.1 Port: 8080
DONE!
/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
use your android to figure out what the mac address of your bluetooth device is. “Bluetooth Mac Address Finder” worked for me.
> bluetoothctl
| command | description |
|---|---|
| list | show BT controllers (mac address) |
| show <mac-address> | show status of BT controller |
Show will show if power is on or off
| command | description |
|---|---|
| power on | turn on controller |
| scan on | see which devices you can pair with |
| pair <dev> | |
| trust <dev> | |
| connect <dev> |
The issue with ‘scan on’ is that it will mostly just list mac addresses of BT devices and not their names.
A8:91:3D:D8:D5:26