diff --git a/pluggy/hooks.py b/pluggy/hooks.py
index e50e0961..5ce5863c 100644
--- a/pluggy/hooks.py
+++ b/pluggy/hooks.py
@@ -202,28 +202,22 @@ def __init__(self, name, hook_execute, specmodule_or_class=None, spec_opts=None)
         self._wrappers = []
         self._nonwrappers = []
         self._hookexec = hook_execute
-        self._specmodule_or_class = None
         self.argnames = None
         self.kwargnames = None
         self.multicall = _multicall
-        self.spec_opts = spec_opts or {}
+        self.spec = None
         if specmodule_or_class is not None:
+            assert spec_opts is not None
             self.set_specification(specmodule_or_class, spec_opts)
 
     def has_spec(self):
-        return self._specmodule_or_class is not None
+        return True if self.spec is not None else False
 
     def set_specification(self, specmodule_or_class, spec_opts):
         assert not self.has_spec()
-        self._specmodule_or_class = specmodule_or_class
-        specfunc = getattr(specmodule_or_class, self.name)
-        # get spec arg signature
-        argnames, self.kwargnames = varnames(specfunc)
-        self.argnames = ["__multicall__"] + list(argnames)
-        self.spec_opts.update(spec_opts)
+        self.spec = HookSpec(specmodule_or_class, self.name, spec_opts)
         if spec_opts.get("historic"):
             self._call_history = []
-        self.warn_on_impl = spec_opts.get("warn_on_impl")
 
     def is_historic(self):
         return hasattr(self, "_call_history")
@@ -273,8 +267,10 @@ def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if args:
             raise TypeError("hook calling supports only keyword arguments")
         assert not self.is_historic()
-        if self.argnames:
-            notincall = set(self.argnames) - set(["__multicall__"]) - set(kwargs.keys())
+        if self.spec:
+            notincall = (
+                set(self.spec.argnames) - set(["__multicall__"]) - set(kwargs.keys())
+            )
             if notincall:
                 warnings.warn(
                     "Argument(s) {} which are declared in the hookspec "
@@ -344,3 +340,14 @@ def __init__(self, plugin, plugin_name, function, hook_impl_opts):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<HookImpl plugin_name=%r, plugin=%r>" % (self.plugin_name, self.plugin)
+
+
+class HookSpec(object):
+    def __init__(self, namespace, name, opts):
+        self.namespace = namespace
+        self.function = function = getattr(namespace, name)
+        self.name = name
+        self.argnames, self.kwargnames = varnames(function)
+        self.opts = opts
+        self.argnames = ["__multicall__"] + list(self.argnames)
+        self.warn_on_impl = opts.get("warn_on_impl")
diff --git a/pluggy/manager.py b/pluggy/manager.py
index 24c22a67..427a7dbb 100644
--- a/pluggy/manager.py
+++ b/pluggy/manager.py
@@ -56,7 +56,9 @@ def __init__(self, project_name, implprefix=None):
             )
         self._implprefix = implprefix
         self._inner_hookexec = lambda hook, methods, kwargs: hook.multicall(
-            methods, kwargs, firstresult=hook.spec_opts.get("firstresult")
+            methods,
+            kwargs,
+            firstresult=hook.spec.opts.get("firstresult") if hook.spec else False,
         )
 
     def _hookexec(self, hook, methods, kwargs):
@@ -215,10 +217,10 @@ def _verify_hook(self, hook, hookimpl):
                 "Plugin %r\nhook %r\nhistoric incompatible to hookwrapper"
                 % (hookimpl.plugin_name, hook.name),
             )
-        if hook.warn_on_impl:
-            _warn_for_function(hook.warn_on_impl, hookimpl.function)
+        if hook.spec.warn_on_impl:
+            _warn_for_function(hook.spec.warn_on_impl, hookimpl.function)
         # positional arg checking
-        notinspec = set(hookimpl.argnames) - set(hook.argnames)
+        notinspec = set(hookimpl.argnames) - set(hook.spec.argnames)
         if notinspec:
             raise PluginValidationError(
                 hookimpl.plugin,
@@ -325,7 +327,7 @@ def subset_hook_caller(self, name, remove_plugins):
         plugins_to_remove = [plug for plug in remove_plugins if hasattr(plug, name)]
         if plugins_to_remove:
             hc = _HookCaller(
-                orig.name, orig._hookexec, orig._specmodule_or_class, orig.spec_opts
+                orig.name, orig._hookexec, orig.spec.namespace, orig.spec.opts
             )
             for hookimpl in orig._wrappers + orig._nonwrappers:
                 plugin = hookimpl.plugin
diff --git a/testing/benchmark.py b/testing/benchmark.py
index 46be3d01..aa8de929 100644
--- a/testing/benchmark.py
+++ b/testing/benchmark.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def MC(methods, kwargs, callertype, firstresult=False):
     for method in methods:
         f = HookImpl(None, "<temp>", method, method.example_impl)
         hookfuncs.append(f)
-    return callertype(hookfuncs, kwargs, {"firstresult": firstresult})
+    return callertype(hookfuncs, kwargs, firstresult=firstresult)
 
 
 @hookimpl
diff --git a/testing/test_hookcaller.py b/testing/test_hookcaller.py
index d16aff5e..5664f2bb 100644
--- a/testing/test_hookcaller.py
+++ b/testing/test_hookcaller.py
@@ -169,9 +169,9 @@ def he_myhook3(arg1):
             pass
 
     pm.add_hookspecs(HookSpec)
-    assert not pm.hook.he_myhook1.spec_opts["firstresult"]
-    assert pm.hook.he_myhook2.spec_opts["firstresult"]
-    assert not pm.hook.he_myhook3.spec_opts["firstresult"]
+    assert not pm.hook.he_myhook1.spec.opts["firstresult"]
+    assert pm.hook.he_myhook2.spec.opts["firstresult"]
+    assert not pm.hook.he_myhook3.spec.opts["firstresult"]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["hookwrapper", "optionalhook", "tryfirst", "trylast"])