standard_renderer.go

package tea

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"strings"
	"sync"

	"github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi"
)

const (
	// defaultFramerate specifies the maximum interval at which we should
	// update the view.
	defaultFPS = 60
	maxFPS     = 120
)

// standardRenderer is a framerate-based terminal renderer, updating the view
// at a given framerate to avoid overloading the terminal emulator.
//
// In cases where very high performance is needed the renderer can be told
// to exclude ranges of lines, allowing them to be written to directly.
type standardRenderer struct {
	mtx *sync.Mutex
	out io.Writer

	buf                bytes.Buffer
	queuedMessageLines []string
	lastRender         string
	linesRendered      int

	// cursor visibility state
	cursorHidden bool

	// essentially whether or not we're using the full size of the terminal
	altScreenActive bool

	// renderer dimensions; usually the size of the window
	width  int
	height int

	// lines explicitly set not to render
	ignoreLines map[int]struct{}
}

// NewStandardRenderer creates a new renderer. Normally you'll want to initialize it
// with os.Stdout as the first argument.
func NewStandardRenderer() Renderer {
	r := &standardRenderer{
		mtx:                &sync.Mutex{},
		queuedMessageLines: []string{},
	}
	return r
}

// SetOutput sets the output for the renderer.
func (r *standardRenderer) SetOutput(out io.Writer) {
	r.mtx.Lock()
	r.out = out
	r.mtx.Unlock()
}

// Close closes the renderer and flushes any remaining data.
func (r *standardRenderer) Close() (err error) {
	r.mtx.Lock()
	defer r.mtx.Unlock()

	r.execute(ansi.EraseEntireLine)
	// Move the cursor back to the beginning of the line
	r.execute("\r")

	return
}

// execute writes the given sequence to the output.
func (r *standardRenderer) execute(seq string) {
	_, _ = io.WriteString(r.out, seq)
}

// Flush renders the buffer.
func (r *standardRenderer) Flush() (err error) {
	r.mtx.Lock()
	defer r.mtx.Unlock()

	if r.buf.Len() == 0 || r.buf.String() == r.lastRender {
		// Nothing to do
		return nil
	}

	// Output buffer
	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}

	newLines := strings.Split(r.buf.String(), "\n")

	// If we know the output's height, we can use it to determine how many
	// lines we can render. We drop lines from the top of the render buffer if
	// necessary, as we can't navigate the cursor into the terminal's scrollback
	// buffer.
	if r.height > 0 && len(newLines) > r.height {
		newLines = newLines[len(newLines)-r.height:]
	}

	numLinesThisFlush := len(newLines)
	oldLines := strings.Split(r.lastRender, "\n")
	skipLines := make(map[int]struct{})
	flushQueuedMessages := len(r.queuedMessageLines) > 0 && !r.altScreenActive

	// Clear any lines we painted in the last render.
	if r.linesRendered > 0 {
		for i := r.linesRendered - 1; i > 0; i-- {
			// if we are clearing queued messages, we want to clear all lines, since
			// printing messages allows for native terminal word-wrap, we
			// don't have control over the queued lines
			if flushQueuedMessages {
				buf.WriteString(ansi.EraseEntireLine)
			} else if (len(newLines) <= len(oldLines)) && (len(newLines) > i && len(oldLines) > i) && (newLines[i] == oldLines[i]) {
				// If the number of lines we want to render hasn't increased and
				// new line is the same as the old line we can skip rendering for
				// this line as a performance optimization.
				skipLines[i] = struct{}{}
			} else if _, exists := r.ignoreLines[i]; !exists {
				buf.WriteString(ansi.EraseEntireLine)
			}

			buf.WriteString(ansi.CursorUp1)
		}

		if _, exists := r.ignoreLines[0]; !exists {
			// We need to return to the start of the line here to properly
			// erase it. Going back the entire width of the terminal will
			// usually be farther than we need to go, but terminal emulators
			// will stop the cursor at the start of the line as a rule.
			//
			// We use this sequence in particular because it's part of the ANSI
			// standard (whereas others are proprietary to, say, VT100/VT52).
			// If cursor previous line (ESC[ + <n> + F) were better supported
			// we could use that above to eliminate this step.
			buf.WriteString(ansi.CursorLeft(r.width))
			buf.WriteString(ansi.EraseEntireLine)
		}
	}

	// Merge the set of lines we're skipping as a rendering optimization with
	// the set of lines we've explicitly asked the renderer to ignore.
	for k, v := range r.ignoreLines {
		skipLines[k] = v
	}

	if flushQueuedMessages {
		// Dump the lines we've queued up for printing
		for _, line := range r.queuedMessageLines {
			_, _ = buf.WriteString(line)
			_, _ = buf.WriteString("\r\n")
		}
		// clear the queued message lines
		r.queuedMessageLines = []string{}
	}

	// Paint new lines
	for i := 0; i < len(newLines); i++ {
		if _, skip := skipLines[i]; skip {
			// Unless this is the last line, move the cursor down.
			if i < len(newLines)-1 {
				buf.WriteString(ansi.CursorDown1)
			}
		} else {
			if i == 0 && r.lastRender == "" {
				// On first render, reset the cursor to the start of the line
				// before writing anything.
				buf.WriteByte('\r')
			}

			line := newLines[i]

			// Truncate lines wider than the width of the window to avoid
			// wrapping, which will mess up rendering. If we don't have the
			// width of the window this will be ignored.
			//
			// Note that on Windows we only get the width of the window on
			// program initialization, so after a resize this won't perform
			// correctly (signal SIGWINCH is not supported on Windows).
			if r.width > 0 {
				line = ansi.Truncate(line, r.width, "")
			}

			_, _ = buf.WriteString(line)

			if i < len(newLines)-1 {
				_, _ = buf.WriteString("\r\n")
			}
		}
	}
	r.linesRendered = numLinesThisFlush

	// Make sure the cursor is at the start of the last line to keep rendering
	// behavior consistent.
	if r.altScreenActive {
		// This case fixes a bug in macOS terminal. In other terminals the
		// other case seems to do the job regardless of whether or not we're
		// using the full terminal window.
		buf.WriteString(ansi.MoveCursor(r.linesRendered, 0))
	} else {
		buf.WriteString(ansi.CursorLeft(r.width))
	}

	_, err = r.out.Write(buf.Bytes())
	r.lastRender = r.buf.String()
	r.buf.Reset()
	return
}

// Render renders the frame to the internal buffer. The buffer will be
// outputted via the ticker which calls flush().
func (r *standardRenderer) Render(s string) {
	r.mtx.Lock()
	defer r.mtx.Unlock()
	r.buf.Reset()

	// If an empty string was passed we should clear existing output and
	// rendering nothing. Rather than introduce additional state to manage
	// this, we render a single space as a simple (albeit less correct)
	// solution.
	if s == "" {
		s = " "
	}

	_, _ = r.buf.WriteString(s)
}

// Repaint forces a full repaint.
func (r *standardRenderer) Repaint() {
	r.lastRender = ""
}

func (r *standardRenderer) ClearScreen() {
	r.mtx.Lock()
	defer r.mtx.Unlock()

	r.execute(ansi.EraseEntireDisplay)
	r.execute(ansi.MoveCursorOrigin)

	r.Repaint()
}

// SetMode sets a terminal mode on/off.
func (r *standardRenderer) SetMode(mode int, on bool) {
	r.mtx.Lock()
	defer r.mtx.Unlock()

	switch mode {
	case altScreenMode:
		if on == r.altScreenActive {
			return
		}

		r.altScreenActive = on
		if on {
			r.execute(ansi.EnableAltScreenBuffer)

			// Ensure that the terminal is cleared, even when it doesn't support
			// alt screen (or alt screen support is disabled, like GNU screen by
			// default).
			//
			// Note: we can't use r.clearScreen() here because the mutex is already
			// locked.
			r.execute(ansi.EraseEntireDisplay)
			r.execute(ansi.MoveCursorOrigin)
		} else {
			r.execute(ansi.DisableAltScreenBuffer)
		}

		// cmd.exe and other terminals keep separate cursor states for the AltScreen
		// and the main buffer. We have to explicitly reset the cursor visibility
		// whenever we exit AltScreen.
		if r.cursorHidden {
			r.execute(ansi.HideCursor)
		} else {
			r.execute(ansi.ShowCursor)
		}

		r.Repaint()

	case hideCursor:
		if on == r.cursorHidden {
			return
		}

		r.cursorHidden = on
		if on {
			r.execute(ansi.HideCursor)
		} else {
			r.execute(ansi.ShowCursor)
		}
	}
}

// Mode returns whether the render has a mode enabled.
func (r *standardRenderer) Mode(mode int) bool {
	r.mtx.Lock()
	defer r.mtx.Unlock()

	switch mode {
	case altScreenMode:
		return r.altScreenActive
	case hideCursor:
		return r.cursorHidden
	}

	return false
}

// setIgnoredLines specifies lines not to be touched by the standard Bubble Tea
// renderer.
func (r *standardRenderer) setIgnoredLines(from int, to int) {
	// Lock if we're going to be clearing some lines since we don't want
	// anything jacking our cursor.
	if r.linesRendered > 0 {
		r.mtx.Lock()
		defer r.mtx.Unlock()
	}

	if r.ignoreLines == nil {
		r.ignoreLines = make(map[int]struct{})
	}
	for i := from; i < to; i++ {
		r.ignoreLines[i] = struct{}{}
	}

	// Erase ignored lines
	if r.linesRendered > 0 {
		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}

		for i := r.linesRendered - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
			if _, exists := r.ignoreLines[i]; exists {
				buf.WriteString(ansi.EraseEntireLine)
			}
			buf.WriteString(ansi.CursorUp1)
		}
		buf.WriteString(ansi.MoveCursor(r.linesRendered, 0)) // put cursor back
		_, _ = r.out.Write(buf.Bytes())
	}
}

// clearIgnoredLines returns control of any ignored lines to the standard
// Bubble Tea renderer. That is, any lines previously set to be ignored can be
// rendered to again.
func (r *standardRenderer) clearIgnoredLines() {
	r.ignoreLines = nil
}

// insertTop effectively scrolls up. It inserts lines at the top of a given
// area designated to be a scrollable region, pushing everything else down.
// This is roughly how ncurses does it.
//
// To call this function use command ScrollUp().
//
// For this to work renderer.ignoreLines must be set to ignore the scrollable
// region since we are bypassing the normal Bubble Tea renderer here.
//
// Because this method relies on the terminal dimensions, it's only valid for
// full-window applications (generally those that use the alternate screen
// buffer).
//
// This method bypasses the normal rendering buffer and is philosophically
// different than the normal way we approach rendering in Bubble Tea. It's for
// use in high-performance rendering, such as a pager that could potentially
// be rendering very complicated ansi. In cases where the content is simpler
// standard Bubble Tea rendering should suffice.
//
// Deprecated: This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future
// version of this package.
func (r *standardRenderer) insertTop(lines []string, topBoundary, bottomBoundary int) {
	r.mtx.Lock()
	defer r.mtx.Unlock()

	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}

	buf.WriteString(ansi.SetScrollingRegion(topBoundary, bottomBoundary))
	buf.WriteString(ansi.MoveCursor(topBoundary, 0))
	buf.WriteString(ansi.InsertLine(len(lines)))
	_, _ = buf.WriteString(strings.Join(lines, "\r\n"))
	buf.WriteString(ansi.SetScrollingRegion(0, r.height))

	// Move cursor back to where the main rendering routine expects it to be
	buf.WriteString(ansi.MoveCursor(r.linesRendered, 0))

	_, _ = r.out.Write(buf.Bytes())
}

// insertBottom effectively scrolls down. It inserts lines at the bottom of
// a given area designated to be a scrollable region, pushing everything else
// up. This is roughly how ncurses does it.
//
// To call this function use the command ScrollDown().
//
// See note in insertTop() for caveats, how this function only makes sense for
// full-window applications, and how it differs from the normal way we do
// rendering in Bubble Tea.
//
// Deprecated: This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future
// version of this package.
func (r *standardRenderer) insertBottom(lines []string, topBoundary, bottomBoundary int) {
	r.mtx.Lock()
	defer r.mtx.Unlock()

	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}

	buf.WriteString(ansi.SetScrollingRegion(topBoundary, bottomBoundary))
	buf.WriteString(ansi.MoveCursor(bottomBoundary, 0))
	_, _ = buf.WriteString("\r\n" + strings.Join(lines, "\r\n"))
	buf.WriteString(ansi.SetScrollingRegion(0, r.height))

	// Move cursor back to where the main rendering routine expects it to be
	buf.WriteString(ansi.MoveCursor(r.linesRendered, 0))

	_, _ = r.out.Write(buf.Bytes())
}

// handleMessages handles internal messages for the renderer.
func (r *standardRenderer) handleMessages(msg Msg) {
	switch msg := msg.(type) {
	case repaintMsg:
		// Force a repaint by clearing the render cache as we slide into a
		// render.
		r.mtx.Lock()
		r.Repaint()
		r.mtx.Unlock()

	case clearScrollAreaMsg:
		r.clearIgnoredLines()

		// Force a repaint on the area where the scrollable stuff was in this
		// update cycle
		r.mtx.Lock()
		r.Repaint()
		r.mtx.Unlock()

	case syncScrollAreaMsg:
		// Re-render scrolling area
		r.clearIgnoredLines()
		r.setIgnoredLines(msg.topBoundary, msg.bottomBoundary)
		r.insertTop(msg.lines, msg.topBoundary, msg.bottomBoundary)

		// Force non-scrolling stuff to repaint in this update cycle
		r.mtx.Lock()
		r.Repaint()
		r.mtx.Unlock()

	case scrollUpMsg:
		r.insertTop(msg.lines, msg.topBoundary, msg.bottomBoundary)

	case scrollDownMsg:
		r.insertBottom(msg.lines, msg.topBoundary, msg.bottomBoundary)
	}
}

// Resize sets the size of the terminal.
func (r *standardRenderer) Resize(w int, h int) {
	r.mtx.Lock()
	r.width = w
	r.height = h
	r.Repaint()
	r.mtx.Unlock()
}

// InsertAbove inserts lines above the current frame. This only works in
// inline mode.
func (r *standardRenderer) InsertAbove(s string) error {
	if r.altScreenActive {
		return nil
	}

	lines := strings.Split(s, "\n")
	r.mtx.Lock()
	r.queuedMessageLines = append(r.queuedMessageLines, lines...)
	r.Repaint()
	r.mtx.Unlock()

	return nil
}

// HIGH-PERFORMANCE RENDERING STUFF

type syncScrollAreaMsg struct {
	lines          []string
	topBoundary    int
	bottomBoundary int
}

// SyncScrollArea performs a paint of the entire region designated to be the
// scrollable area. This is required to initialize the scrollable region and
// should also be called on resize (WindowSizeMsg).
//
// For high-performance, scroll-based rendering only.
//
// Deprecated: This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future
// version of this package.
func SyncScrollArea(lines []string, topBoundary int, bottomBoundary int) Cmd {
	return func() Msg {
		return syncScrollAreaMsg{
			lines:          lines,
			topBoundary:    topBoundary,
			bottomBoundary: bottomBoundary,
		}
	}
}

type clearScrollAreaMsg struct{}

// ClearScrollArea deallocates the scrollable region and returns the control of
// those lines to the main rendering routine.
//
// For high-performance, scroll-based rendering only.
//
// Deprecated: This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future
// version of this package.
func ClearScrollArea() Msg {
	return clearScrollAreaMsg{}
}

type scrollUpMsg struct {
	lines          []string
	topBoundary    int
	bottomBoundary int
}

// ScrollUp adds lines to the top of the scrollable region, pushing existing
// lines below down. Lines that are pushed out the scrollable region disappear
// from view.
//
// For high-performance, scroll-based rendering only.
//
// Deprecated: This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future
// version of this package.
func ScrollUp(newLines []string, topBoundary, bottomBoundary int) Cmd {
	return func() Msg {
		return scrollUpMsg{
			lines:          newLines,
			topBoundary:    topBoundary,
			bottomBoundary: bottomBoundary,
		}
	}
}

type scrollDownMsg struct {
	lines          []string
	topBoundary    int
	bottomBoundary int
}

// ScrollDown adds lines to the bottom of the scrollable region, pushing
// existing lines above up. Lines that are pushed out of the scrollable region
// disappear from view.
//
// For high-performance, scroll-based rendering only.
//
// Deprecated: This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future
// version of this package.
func ScrollDown(newLines []string, topBoundary, bottomBoundary int) Cmd {
	return func() Msg {
		return scrollDownMsg{
			lines:          newLines,
			topBoundary:    topBoundary,
			bottomBoundary: bottomBoundary,
		}
	}
}

type printLineMessage struct {
	messageBody string
}

// Println prints above the Program. This output is unmanaged by the program and
// will persist across renders by the Program.
//
// Unlike fmt.Println (but similar to log.Println) the message will be print on
// its own line.
//
// If the altscreen is active no output will be printed.
func Println(args ...interface{}) Cmd {
	return func() Msg {
		return printLineMessage{
			messageBody: fmt.Sprint(args...),
		}
	}
}

// Printf prints above the Program. It takes a format template followed by
// values similar to fmt.Printf. This output is unmanaged by the program and
// will persist across renders by the Program.
//
// Unlike fmt.Printf (but similar to log.Printf) the message will be print on
// its own line.
//
// If the altscreen is active no output will be printed.
func Printf(template string, args ...interface{}) Cmd {
	return func() Msg {
		return printLineMessage{
			messageBody: fmt.Sprintf(template, args...),
		}
	}
}