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machoview.cpp
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#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <tuple>
#ifndef _MSC_VER
#include <cxxabi.h>
#endif
#include "machoview.h"
#include "fatmachoview.h"
#include "universalview.h"
#include "lowlevelilinstruction.h"
#include "rapidjsonwrapper.h"
enum {
N_STAB = 0xe0,
N_PEXT = 0x10,
N_TYPE = 0x0e,
N_EXT = 0x01
};
using namespace BinaryNinja;
using namespace std;
static MachoViewType* g_machoViewType = nullptr;
static string CommandToString(uint32_t lcCommand)
{
switch(lcCommand)
{
case LC_REQ_DYLD: return "LC_REQ_DYLD";
case LC_SEGMENT: return "LC_SEGMENT";
case LC_SYMTAB: return "LC_SYMTAB";
case LC_SYMSEG: return "LC_SYMSEG";
case LC_THREAD: return "LC_THREAD";
case LC_UNIXTHREAD: return "LC_UNIXTHREAD";
case LC_LOADFVMLIB: return "LC_LOADFVMLIB";
case LC_IDFVMLIB: return "LC_IDFVMLIB";
case LC_IDENT: return "LC_IDENT";
case LC_FVMFILE: return "LC_FVMFILE";
case LC_PREPAGE: return "LC_PREPAGE";
case LC_DYSYMTAB: return "LC_DYSYMTAB";
case LC_LOAD_DYLIB: return "LC_LOAD_DYLIB";
case LC_ID_DYLIB: return "LC_ID_DYLIB";
case LC_LOAD_DYLINKER: return "LC_LOAD_DYLINKER";
case LC_ID_DYLINKER: return "LC_ID_DYLINKER";
case LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB: return "LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB";
case LC_ROUTINES: return "LC_ROUTINES";
case LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK: return "LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK";
case LC_SUB_UMBRELLA: return "LC_SUB_UMBRELLA";
case LC_SUB_CLIENT: return "LC_SUB_CLIENT";
case LC_SUB_LIBRARY: return "LC_SUB_LIBRARY";
case LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS: return "LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS";
case LC_PREBIND_CKSUM: return "LC_PREBIND_CKSUM";
case LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB: return "LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB";
case LC_SEGMENT_64: return "LC_SEGMENT_64";
case LC_ROUTINES_64: return "LC_ROUTINES_64";
case LC_UUID: return "LC_UUID";
case LC_RPATH: return "LC_RPATH";
case LC_CODE_SIGNATURE: return "LC_CODE_SIGNATURE";
case LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO: return "LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO";
case LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB: return "LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB";
case LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB: return "LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB";
case LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO: return "LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO";
case LC_DYLD_INFO: return "LC_DYLD_INFO";
case LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY: return "LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY";
case LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB: return "LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB";
case LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX: return "LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX";
case LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS: return "LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS";
case LC_FUNCTION_STARTS: return "LC_FUNCTION_STARTS";
case LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT: return "LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT";
case LC_MAIN: return "LC_MAIN";
case LC_DATA_IN_CODE: return "LC_DATA_IN_CODE";
case LC_SOURCE_VERSION: return "LC_SOURCE_VERSION";
case LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS: return "LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS";
case _LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO_64: return "LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO_64";
case _LC_LINKER_OPTION: return "LC_LINKER_OPTION";
case _LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT: return "LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT";
case _LC_VERSION_MIN_TVOS: return "LC_VERSION_MIN_TVOS";
case LC_VERSION_MIN_WATCHOS: return "LC_VERSION_MIN_WATCHOS";
case LC_NOTE: return "LC_NOTE";
case LC_BUILD_VERSION: return "LC_BUILD_VERSION";
case LC_DYLD_EXPORTS_TRIE: return "LC_DYLD_EXPORTS_TRIE";
case LC_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS: return "LC_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS";
default:
{
stringstream ss;
ss << "0x" << std::hex << lcCommand;
return ss.str();
}
}
}
static string BuildPlatformToString(uint32_t platform)
{
switch (platform)
{
case MACHO_PLATFORM_MACOS: return "macos";
case MACHO_PLATFORM_IOS: return "ios";
case MACHO_PLATFORM_TVOS: return "tvos";
case MACHO_PLATFORM_WATCHOS: return "watchos";
case MACHO_PLATFORM_BRIDGEOS: return "bridgeos";
default:
{
stringstream ss;
ss << "0x" << std::hex << platform;
return ss.str();
}
}
}
static string BuildToolToString(uint32_t tool)
{
switch (tool)
{
case MACHO_TOOL_CLANG: return "clang";
case MACHO_TOOL_SWIFT: return "swift";
case MACHO_TOOL_LD: return "ld";
default:
{
stringstream ss;
ss << "0x" << std::hex << tool;
return ss.str();
}
}
}
static string BuildToolVersionToString(uint32_t version)
{
uint32_t major = (version >> 16) & 0xffff;
uint32_t minor = (version >> 8) & 0xff;
uint32_t update = version & 0xff;
stringstream ss;
ss << major << "." << minor;
if (update)
ss << "." << update;
return ss.str();
}
void BinaryNinja::InitMachoViewType()
{
static MachoViewType type;
BinaryViewType::Register(&type);
g_machoViewType = &type;
}
static int64_t readSLEB128(DataBuffer& buffer, size_t length, size_t &offset)
{
uint8_t cur;
int64_t value = 0;
size_t shift = 0;
while (offset < length)
{
cur = buffer[offset++];
value |= (cur & 0x7f) << shift;
shift += 7;
if ((cur & 0x80) == 0)
break;
}
value = (value << (64 - shift)) >> (64 - shift);
return value;
}
static uint64_t readLEB128(DataBuffer& p, size_t end, size_t &offset)
{
uint64_t result = 0;
int bit = 0;
do {
if (offset >= end)
return -1;
uint64_t slice = p[offset] & 0x7f;
if (bit > 63)
return -1;
else {
result |= (slice << bit);
bit += 7;
}
} while (p[offset++] & 0x80);
return result;
}
uint64_t readValidULEB128(DataBuffer& buffer, size_t& cursor)
{
uint64_t value = readLEB128(buffer, buffer.GetLength(), cursor);
if ((int64_t)value == -1)
throw ReadException();
return value;
}
MachoView::MachoView(const string& typeName, BinaryView* data, bool parseOnly): BinaryView(typeName, data->GetFile(), data),
m_universalImageOffset(0), m_parseOnly(parseOnly), m_stringListSize(0), m_relocationBase(0)
{
CreateLogger("BinaryView");
m_logger = CreateLogger("BinaryView.MachoView");
memset(&m_symtab, 0, sizeof(m_symtab));
memset(&m_dysymtab, 0, sizeof(m_dysymtab));
memset(&m_dyldInfo, 0, sizeof(m_dyldInfo));
m_backedByDatabase = data->GetFile()->IsBackedByDatabase(typeName);
Ref<BinaryViewType> universalViewType = BinaryViewType::GetByName("Universal");
bool isUniversal = (universalViewType && universalViewType->IsTypeValidForData(data));
Ref<Settings> viewSettings = Settings::Instance();
m_extractMangledTypes = false;
if (viewSettings && viewSettings->Contains("analysis.extractTypesFromMangledNames"))
m_extractMangledTypes = viewSettings->Get<bool>("analysis.extractTypesFromMangledNames", data);
Ref<Settings> settings = data->GetLoadSettings(typeName);
if (settings && settings->Contains("loader.macho.universalImageOffset"))
{
settings->SetResourceId(typeName);
m_universalImageOffset = settings->Get<uint64_t>("loader.macho.universalImageOffset", data);
}
else if (isUniversal)
{
Ref<Settings> loadSettings = universalViewType->GetLoadSettingsForData(data);
if (loadSettings && loadSettings->Contains("loader.universal.architectures"))
{
string json = loadSettings->Get<string>("loader.universal.architectures");
rapidjson::Document jsonArchitectures;
jsonArchitectures.Parse(json.data(), json.size());
if (!json.size() || jsonArchitectures.HasParseError())
throw MachoFormatException("Mach-O view could not be created! Json parse error.");
if (!jsonArchitectures.IsArray() || jsonArchitectures.Empty())
throw MachoFormatException("Mach-O view could not be created! Json data error.");
// Select the object file based on architecture preference.
// Note: This code is duplicated in options.cpp
vector<string> architectures;
for (const auto& entry : jsonArchitectures.GetArray())
architectures.push_back(entry["architecture"].GetString());
auto archPref = Settings::Instance()->Get<vector<string>>("files.universal.architecturePreference");
int archIndex = 0;
if (auto result = find_first_of(archPref.begin(), archPref.end(), architectures.begin(), architectures.end()); result != archPref.end())
archIndex = std::find(architectures.begin(), architectures.end(), *result) - architectures.begin();
const auto& archEntry = jsonArchitectures[archIndex];
loadSettings = Settings::Instance(GetUniqueIdentifierString());
loadSettings->SetResourceId(typeName);
loadSettings->DeserializeSchema(archEntry["loadSchema"].GetString());
data->SetLoadSettings(typeName, loadSettings);
if (!m_file->IsBackedByDatabase(typeName))
{
auto defaultSettings = loadSettings->SerializeSettings(nullptr, SettingsDefaultScope);
loadSettings->DeserializeSettings(defaultSettings, data, SettingsResourceScope);
}
m_universalImageOffset = loadSettings->Get<uint64_t>("loader.macho.universalImageOffset", data);
// NOTE: this silences the 'Updated load schema detected' warning. There is some chicken/egg stuff here.
loadSettings->UpdateProperty("loader.macho.universalImageOffset", "default", m_universalImageOffset);
}
}
// Read common header fields
string errorMsg;
m_loadCommandOffset = g_machoViewType->ParseHeaders(data, m_universalImageOffset, m_ident, &m_arch, &m_plat, errorMsg);
if (!m_loadCommandOffset)
throw MachoFormatException(errorMsg);
if (m_ident.magic == MH_MAGIC || m_ident.magic == MH_MAGIC_64)
{
m_endian = LittleEndian;
LogDebug("Recognized Little Endian Mach-O");
}
else // (m_ident.magic == MH_CIGAM || m_ident.magic == MH_CIGAM_64)
{
m_endian = BigEndian;
LogDebug("Recognized Big Endian Mach-O");
}
BinaryReader reader(data);
reader.SetEndianness(m_endian);
reader.SetVirtualBase(m_universalImageOffset);
reader.Seek(m_loadCommandOffset);
m_objectFile = m_ident.filetype == MH_OBJECT;
m_dylibFile = m_ident.filetype == MH_DYLIB;
m_relocatable = ((m_ident.flags & MH_PIE) > 0) || m_objectFile || m_dylibFile;
m_archId = m_ident.cputype;
m_addressSize = (m_ident.cputype & MachOABIMask) == MachOABI64 ? 8 : 4;
bool first = true;
// Parse segment commands
try
{
LogDebug("ident.ncmds: %d\n", m_ident.ncmds);
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_ident.ncmds; i++)
{
load_command load;
segment_command_64 segment64;
section_64 sect;
memset(§, 0, sizeof(sect));
size_t curOffset = reader.GetOffset();
load.cmd = reader.Read32();
load.cmdsize = reader.Read32();
size_t nextOffset = curOffset + load.cmdsize;
LogDebug("Segment cmd: %08x - cmdsize: %08x - ", load.cmd, load.cmdsize);
if (load.cmdsize < sizeof(load_command))
throw MachoFormatException("unable to read header");
switch (load.cmd)
{
case LC_MAIN:
{
uint64_t entryPoint = reader.Read64();
LogDebug("LC_MAIN entryPoint: %#016" PRIx64, entryPoint);
entryPoints.push_back({entryPoint, true});
(void)reader.Read64(); // Stack start
break;
}
case LC_SEGMENT: //map the 32bit version to 64 bits
LogDebug("LC_SEGMENT\n");
segment64.cmd = LC_SEGMENT_64;
reader.Read(&segment64.segname, 16);
segment64.vmaddr = reader.Read32();
segment64.vmsize = reader.Read32();
segment64.fileoff = reader.Read32() + m_universalImageOffset;
segment64.filesize = reader.Read32();
segment64.maxprot = reader.Read32();
segment64.initprot = reader.Read32();
segment64.nsects = reader.Read32();
segment64.flags = reader.Read32();
if (first)
{
if (!((m_ident.flags & MH_SPLIT_SEGS) || m_ident.cputype == MACHO_CPU_TYPE_X86_64)
|| (segment64.flags & MACHO_VM_PROT_WRITE))
{
m_relocationBase = segment64.vmaddr;
first = false;
}
}
LogDebug("\tName: %s\n" \
"\tCmd: %#08" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\tvmaddr: %#016" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\tvmsize: %#016" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\tfileoff: %#016" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\tfilesize: %#016" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\tmaxprot: %#08" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\tinitprot: %#08" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\tnsects: %#08" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\tflags: %#08" PRIx32 "\n",
(char*)&segment64.segname,
segment64.cmd,
segment64.vmaddr,
segment64.vmsize,
segment64.fileoff,
segment64.filesize,
segment64.maxprot,
segment64.initprot,
segment64.nsects,
segment64.flags);
for (size_t j = 0; j < segment64.nsects; j++)
{
reader.Read(§.sectname, 16);
reader.Read(§.segname, 16);
sect.addr = reader.Read32();
sect.size = reader.Read32();
sect.offset = reader.Read32();
sect.align = reader.Read32();
sect.reloff = reader.Read32();
sect.nreloc = reader.Read32();
sect.flags = reader.Read32();
sect.reserved1 = reader.Read32();
sect.reserved2 = reader.Read32();
// if the segment isn't mapped into virtual memory don't add the corresponding sections.
if (segment64.vmsize > 0)
m_sections.push_back(sect);
else
LogInfo("Omitting section %16s at %#" PRIx64 " corresponding to segment %16s which is not mapped into memory", (char*)§.sectname, sect.addr, (char*)§.segname);
LogDebug("\t\tSegName: %16s\n" \
"\t\tSectName: %16s\n" \
"\t\tAddr: %#" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\t\tSize: %#" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\t\tOffset: %#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tAlign: %#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tReloff: %#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tNReloc: %#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tFlags: %#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tReserved1:%#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tReserved2:%#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\t------------------------\n",
(char*)§.segname,
(char*)§.sectname,
sect.addr,
sect.size,
sect.offset,
sect.align,
sect.reloff,
sect.nreloc,
sect.flags,
sect.reserved1,
sect.reserved2);
if (!strncmp(sect.sectname, "__mod_init_func", 15))
m_moduleInitSections.push_back(sect);
if ((sect.flags & (S_ATTR_SELF_MODIFYING_CODE | S_SYMBOL_STUBS)) == (S_ATTR_SELF_MODIFYING_CODE | S_SYMBOL_STUBS))
m_symbolStubSections.push_back(sect);
if ((sect.flags & S_NON_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS) == S_NON_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS)
m_symbolPointerSections.push_back(sect);
if ((sect.flags & S_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS) == S_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS)
m_symbolPointerSections.push_back(sect);
}
m_segments.push_back(segment64);
break;
case LC_SEGMENT_64:
LogDebug("LC_SEGMENT_64\n");
segment64.cmd = LC_SEGMENT_64;
reader.Read(&segment64.segname, 16);
segment64.vmaddr = reader.Read64();
segment64.vmsize = reader.Read64();
segment64.fileoff = reader.Read64() + m_universalImageOffset;
segment64.filesize = reader.Read64();
segment64.maxprot = reader.Read32();
segment64.initprot = reader.Read32();
segment64.nsects = reader.Read32();
segment64.flags = reader.Read32();
if (first)
{
if (!((m_ident.flags & MH_SPLIT_SEGS) || m_ident.cputype == MACHO_CPU_TYPE_X86_64)
|| (segment64.flags & MACHO_VM_PROT_WRITE))
{
m_relocationBase = segment64.vmaddr;
first = false;
}
}
LogDebug(
"\tName: %s\n" \
"\tCmd: %#08" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\tvmaddr: %#016" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\tvmsize: %#016" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\tfileoff: %#016" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\tfilesize: %#016" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\tmaxprot: %#08" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\tinitprot: %#08" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\tnsects: %#08" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\tflags: %#08" PRIx32 "\n",
(char*)&segment64.segname,
segment64.cmd,
segment64.vmaddr,
segment64.vmsize,
segment64.fileoff,
segment64.filesize,
segment64.maxprot,
segment64.initprot,
segment64.nsects,
segment64.flags);
LogDebug("\t\t------------------------\n");
for (size_t j = 0; j < segment64.nsects; j++)
{
reader.Read(§.sectname, 16);
reader.Read(§.segname, 16);
sect.addr = reader.Read64();
sect.size = reader.Read64();
sect.offset = reader.Read32();
sect.align = reader.Read32();
sect.reloff = reader.Read32();
sect.nreloc = reader.Read32();
sect.flags = reader.Read32();
sect.reserved1 = reader.Read32();
sect.reserved2 = reader.Read32();
sect.reserved3 = reader.Read32();
// if the segment isn't mapped into virtual memory don't add the corresponding sections.
if (segment64.vmsize > 0)
m_sections.push_back(sect);
else
LogInfo("Omitting section %16s at %#" PRIx64 " corresponding to segment %16s which is not mapped into memory", (char*)§.sectname, sect.addr, (char*)§.segname);
LogDebug(
"\t\tSegName: %16s\n" \
"\t\tSectName: %16s\n" \
"\t\tAddr: %#" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\t\tSize: %#" PRIx64 "\n" \
"\t\tOffset: %#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tAlign: %#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tReloff: %#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tNReloc: %#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tFlags: %#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tReserved1:%#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tReserved2:%#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\tReserved3:%#" PRIx32 "\n" \
"\t\t------------------------\n",
(char*)§.segname,
(char*)§.sectname,
sect.addr,
sect.size,
sect.offset,
sect.align,
sect.reloff,
sect.nreloc,
sect.flags,
sect.reserved1,
sect.reserved2,
sect.reserved3);
if (!strncmp(sect.sectname, "__mod_init_func", 15))
m_moduleInitSections.push_back(sect);
if ((sect.flags & (S_ATTR_SELF_MODIFYING_CODE | S_SYMBOL_STUBS)) == (S_ATTR_SELF_MODIFYING_CODE | S_SYMBOL_STUBS))
m_symbolStubSections.push_back(sect);
if ((sect.flags & S_NON_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS) == S_NON_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS)
m_symbolPointerSections.push_back(sect);
if ((sect.flags & S_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS) == S_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS)
m_symbolPointerSections.push_back(sect);
}
m_segments.push_back(segment64);
break;
case LC_ROUTINES: //map the 32bit version to 64bits
LogDebug("LC_REOUTINES\n");
m_routines64.cmd = LC_ROUTINES_64;
m_routines64.init_address = reader.Read32();
m_routines64.init_module = reader.Read32();
m_routines64.reserved1 = reader.Read32();
m_routines64.reserved2 = reader.Read32();
m_routines64.reserved3 = reader.Read32();
m_routines64.reserved4 = reader.Read32();
m_routines64.reserved5 = reader.Read32();
m_routines64.reserved6 = reader.Read32();
m_routinesPresent = true;
LogDebug("\tinit_address: %016" PRIx64 "\n\tinit_module: %08" PRIx64 "\n",
m_routines64.init_address, m_routines64.init_module);
break;
case LC_ROUTINES_64:
LogDebug("LC_REOUTINES_64\n");
m_routines64.cmd = LC_ROUTINES_64;
m_routines64.init_address = reader.Read64();
m_routines64.init_module = reader.Read64();
m_routines64.reserved1 = reader.Read64();
m_routines64.reserved2 = reader.Read64();
m_routines64.reserved3 = reader.Read64();
m_routines64.reserved4 = reader.Read64();
m_routines64.reserved5 = reader.Read64();
m_routines64.reserved6 = reader.Read64();
m_routinesPresent = true;
LogDebug("\tinit_address: %016" PRIx64 "\n\tinit_module: %08" PRIx64 "\n",
m_routines64.init_address, m_routines64.init_module);
break;
case LC_FUNCTION_STARTS:
LogDebug("LC_FUNCTION_STARTS\n");
m_functionStarts.funcoff = reader.Read32();
m_functionStarts.funcsize = reader.Read32();
m_functionStartsPresent = true;
LogDebug("\tFunction Starts:\n\toffset: %#08" PRIx32 "\n\tsize: %#08" PRIx32 "\n",
m_functionStarts.funcoff, m_functionStarts.funcsize);
break;
case LC_SYMTAB:
LogDebug("LC_SYMTAB\n");
m_symtab.symoff = reader.Read32();
m_symtab.nsyms = reader.Read32();
m_symtab.stroff = reader.Read32();
m_symtab.strsize = reader.Read32();
reader.Seek(m_symtab.stroff);
m_stringList = reader.Read(m_symtab.strsize);
m_stringListSize = m_symtab.strsize;
LogDebug("\tstrsize: %08x\n" \
"\tstroff: %08x\n" \
"\tnsyms: %08x\n",
m_symtab.strsize,
m_symtab.stroff,
m_symtab.nsyms);
break;
case LC_DYSYMTAB:
LogDebug("LC_DYSYMTAB\n");
m_dysymtab.ilocalsym = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.nlocalsym = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.iextdefsym = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.nextdefsym = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.iundefsym = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.nundefsym = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.tocoff = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.ntoc = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.modtaboff = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.nmodtab = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.extrefsymoff = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.nextrefsyms = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.indirectsymoff = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.nindirectsyms = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.extreloff = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.nextrel = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.locreloff = reader.Read32();
m_dysymtab.nlocrel = reader.Read32();
LogDebug("\tm_dysymtab.ilocalsym 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.nlocalsym 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.iextdefsym 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.nextdefsym 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.iundefsym 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.nundefsym 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.tocoff 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.ntoc 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.modtaboff 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.nmodtab 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.extrefsymoff 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.nextrefsyms 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.indirectsymoff 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.nindirectsyms 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.extreloff 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.nextrel 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.locreloff 0x%08x\n"\
"\tm_dysymtab.nlocrel 0x%08x\n",
m_dysymtab.ilocalsym,
m_dysymtab.nlocalsym,
m_dysymtab.iextdefsym,
m_dysymtab.nextdefsym,
m_dysymtab.iundefsym,
m_dysymtab.nundefsym,
m_dysymtab.tocoff,
m_dysymtab.ntoc,
m_dysymtab.modtaboff,
m_dysymtab.nmodtab,
m_dysymtab.extrefsymoff,
m_dysymtab.nextrefsyms,
m_dysymtab.indirectsymoff,
m_dysymtab.nindirectsyms,
m_dysymtab.extreloff,
m_dysymtab.nextrel,
m_dysymtab.locreloff,
m_dysymtab.nlocrel);
m_dysymPresent = true;
break;
case LC_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS:
LogDebug("LC_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS\n");
m_chainedFixups.dataoff = reader.Read32();
m_chainedFixups.datasize = reader.Read32();
break;
case LC_DYLD_INFO:
case LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY:
LogDebug("LC_DYLD_INFO\n");
m_dyldInfo.rebase_off = reader.Read32();
m_dyldInfo.rebase_size = reader.Read32();
m_dyldInfo.bind_off = reader.Read32();
m_dyldInfo.bind_size = reader.Read32();
m_dyldInfo.weak_bind_off = reader.Read32();
m_dyldInfo.weak_bind_size = reader.Read32();
m_dyldInfo.lazy_bind_off = reader.Read32();
m_dyldInfo.lazy_bind_size = reader.Read32();
m_dyldInfo.export_off = reader.Read32();
m_dyldInfo.export_size = reader.Read32();
m_exportTrie.dataoff = m_dyldInfo.export_off;
m_exportTrie.datasize = m_dyldInfo.export_size;
m_dyldInfoPresent = true;
break;
case LC_DYLD_EXPORTS_TRIE:
LogDebug("LC_DYLD_EXPORTS_TRIE\n");
m_exportTrie.dataoff = reader.Read32();
m_exportTrie.datasize = reader.Read32();
break;
case LC_THREAD:
case LC_UNIXTHREAD:
while (reader.GetOffset() < nextOffset)
{
thread_command thread;
thread.flavor = reader.Read32();
thread.count = reader.Read32();
LogDebug("LC_THREAD\\LC_UNIXTHREAD\n");
switch (m_archId)
{
case MachOx64:
LogDebug("x86_64 Thread state\n");
if (thread.flavor != X86_THREAD_STATE64)
{
reader.SeekRelative(thread.count * sizeof(uint32_t));
break;
}
//This wont be big endian so we can just read the whole thing
reader.Read(&thread.statex64, sizeof(thread.statex64));
entryPoints.push_back({thread.statex64.rip, false});
break;
case MachOx86:
LogDebug("x86 Thread state\n");
if (thread.flavor != X86_THREAD_STATE32)
{
reader.SeekRelative(thread.count * sizeof(uint32_t));
break;
}
//This wont be big endian so we can just read the whole thing
reader.Read(&thread.statex86, sizeof(thread.statex86));
entryPoints.push_back({thread.statex86.eip, false});
break;
case MachOArm:
LogDebug("Arm Thread state\n");
if (thread.flavor != _ARM_THREAD_STATE)
{
reader.SeekRelative(thread.count * sizeof(uint32_t));
break;
}
//This wont be big endian so we can just read the whole thing
reader.Read(&thread.statearmv7, sizeof(thread.statearmv7));
entryPoints.push_back({thread.statearmv7.r15, false});
break;
case MachOAarch64:
case MachOAarch6432:
LogDebug("Aarch64 Thread state\n");
if (thread.flavor != _ARM_THREAD_STATE64)
{
reader.SeekRelative(thread.count * sizeof(uint32_t));
break;
}
reader.Read(&thread.stateaarch64, sizeof(thread.stateaarch64));
entryPoints.push_back({thread.stateaarch64.pc, false});
break;
case MachOPPC:
LogDebug("PPC Thread state\n");
if (thread.flavor != PPC_THREAD_STATE)
{
reader.SeekRelative(thread.count * sizeof(uint32_t));
break;
}
//Read individual entries for endian reasons
entryPoints.push_back({reader.Read32(), false});
(void)reader.Read32();
(void)reader.Read32();
//Read the rest of the structure
(void)reader.Read(&thread.stateppc.r1, sizeof(thread.stateppc) - (3 * 4));
break;
case MachOPPC64:
LogDebug("PPC64 Thread state\n");
if (thread.flavor != PPC_THREAD_STATE64)
{
reader.SeekRelative(thread.count * sizeof(uint32_t));
break;
}
entryPoints.push_back({reader.Read64(), false});
(void)reader.Read64();
(void)reader.Read64(); // Stack start
(void)reader.Read(&thread.stateppc64.r1, sizeof(thread.stateppc64) - (3 * 8));
break;
default:
LogError("Unknown archid: %x", m_archId);
}
}
break;
case LC_LOAD_DYLIB:
{
uint32_t offset = reader.Read32();
if (offset < nextOffset)
{
reader.Seek(curOffset + offset);
string libname = reader.ReadCString();
m_dylibs.push_back(libname);
}
}
break;
case LC_BUILD_VERSION:
{
LogDebug("LC_BUILD_VERSION:");
m_buildVersion.platform = reader.Read32();
m_buildVersion.minos = reader.Read32();
m_buildVersion.sdk = reader.Read32();
m_buildVersion.ntools = reader.Read32();
LogDebug("Platform: %s", BuildPlatformToString(m_buildVersion.platform).c_str());
LogDebug("MinOS: %s", BuildToolVersionToString(m_buildVersion.minos).c_str());
LogDebug("SDK: %s", BuildToolVersionToString(m_buildVersion.sdk).c_str());
for (uint32_t i = 0; (i < m_buildVersion.ntools) && (i < 10); i++)
{
uint32_t tool = reader.Read32();
uint32_t version = reader.Read32();
m_buildToolVersions.push_back({tool, version});
LogDebug("Build Tool: %s: %s", BuildToolToString(tool).c_str(), BuildToolVersionToString(version).c_str());
}
break;
}
// case LC_UUID: LogDebug("LC_UUID"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_ID_DYLIB: LogDebug("LC_ID_DYLIB"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB: LogDebug("LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_LOAD_DYLINKER: LogDebug("LC_LOAD_DYLINKER"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_ID_DYLINKER: LogDebug("LC_ID_DYLINKER"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB: LogDebug("LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK: LogDebug("LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_SUB_UMBRELLA: LogDebug("LC_SUB_UMBRELLA"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_SUB_CLIENT: LogDebug("LC_SUB_CLIENT"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_SUB_LIBRARY: LogDebug("LC_SUB_LIBRARY"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS: LogDebug("LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_IDENT: LogDebug("LC_IDENT"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_FVMFILE: LogDebug("LC_FVMFILE"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_PREPAGE: LogDebug("LC_PREPAGE"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_LOADFVMLIB: LogDebug("LC_LOADFVMLIB"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_IDFVMLIB: LogDebug("LC_IDFVMLIB"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_PREBIND_CKSUM: LogDebug("LC_PREBIND_CKSUM"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_RPATH: LogDebug("LC_RPATH"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_CODE_SIGNATURE: LogDebug("LC_CODE_SIGNATURE"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO: LogDebug("LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB: LogDebug("LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB: LogDebug("LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO: LogDebug("LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_SOURCE_VERSION: LogDebug("LC_SOURCE_VERSION"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT: LogDebug("LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS: LogDebug("LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX: LogDebug("LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_DATA_IN_CODE: LogDebug("LC_DATA_IN_CODE"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
// case LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS: LogDebug("LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS"); bytesRead = sizeof(load); break;
default:
LogDebug("Unhandled command: %s : %" PRIu32 "\n", CommandToString(load.cmd).c_str(), load.cmdsize);
break;
}
if (reader.GetOffset() != nextOffset)
{
LogDebug("Didn't parse load command: %s fully %" PRIx64 ":%" PRIxPTR, CommandToString(load.cmd).c_str(), reader.GetOffset(), nextOffset);
}
reader.Seek(nextOffset);
}
}
catch (ReadException&)
{
throw MachoFormatException("Mach-O section headers invalid");
}
}
void MachoView::RebaseThreadStarts(BinaryReader& virtualReader, vector<uint32_t>& threadStarts, uint64_t stepMultiplier)
{
std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
// create a dummy relocation to handle tagged pointers
BNRelocationInfo reloc;
memset(&reloc, 0, sizeof(BNRelocationInfo));
reloc.type = StandardRelocationType;
reloc.size = 8;
reloc.nativeType = BINARYNINJA_MANUAL_RELOCATION;
size_t numReg = 0;
size_t numAuth = 0;
uint64_t imageBase = GetStart();
for (auto threadStart : threadStarts)
{
if (threadStart == 0xffffffff)
break;
LogDebug("Rebasing thread chain start: 0x%x", threadStart);
try
{
uint64_t curAddr = imageBase + threadStart;
virtualReader.Seek(curAddr);
while (true)
{
if (!IsOffsetBackedByFile(virtualReader.GetOffset()))
{
LogError("Chained address: 0x%" PRIx64 " in thread start: 0x%x not backed by file!", virtualReader.GetOffset(), threadStart);
break;
}
// read tagged pointer
uint64_t val = virtualReader.Read64();
bool isAuthenticated = (val & (1ULL << 63)) != 0;
bool isRebase = (val & (1ULL << 62)) == 0;
if (isRebase)
{
// calculate new target value
uint64_t tgtVal;
if (isAuthenticated)
{
numAuth++;
tgtVal = (val & 0xFFFFFFFF) + imageBase;
}
else
{
numReg++;
uint64_t top8Bits = val & 0x0007F80000000000ULL;
uint64_t bottom43Bits = val & 0x000007FFFFFFFFFFULL;
tgtVal = (top8Bits << 13) | (((int64_t)(bottom43Bits << 21) >> 21) & 0x00FFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
tgtVal += m_imageBaseAdjustment;
}
reloc.address = curAddr;
DefineRelocation(m_arch, reloc, tgtVal, reloc.address);
}
// seek to next tagged pointer
val &= ~(1ULL << 62); // handle bind bit
uint64_t delta = (val & 0x3FF8000000000000) >> 51;
delta *= stepMultiplier;
if (!delta)
break;
curAddr += delta;
virtualReader.Seek(curAddr);
}
}
catch (ReadException&)
{
LogError("Failed rebasing thread start at: 0x%x", threadStart);
}
}
std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
double t = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start).count() / 1000.0;
LogInfo("Rebasing thread starts took %.3f seconds. Updated %" PRIuPTR " pointers (authenticated: %" PRIuPTR ", regular: %" PRIuPTR ").", t, numAuth + numReg, numAuth, numReg);
}
bool MachoView::IsValidFunctionStart(uint64_t addr)
{
uint8_t opcode[BN_MAX_INSTRUCTION_LENGTH];
size_t opLen = Read(opcode, addr, m_arch->GetMaxInstructionLength());
if (!opLen)
return false;
Ref<LowLevelILFunction> ilFunc = new LowLevelILFunction(m_arch, nullptr);
ilFunc->SetCurrentAddress(m_arch, addr);
m_arch->GetInstructionLowLevelIL(opcode, addr, opLen, *ilFunc);
for (size_t i = 0; i < ilFunc->GetInstructionCount(); i++)
{
const auto& instr = ilFunc->GetInstruction(i);
if (instr.operation == LLIL_UNDEF)
return false;
}
return true;
}
void MachoView::ParseFunctionStarts(Platform* platform)
{
if (m_functionStartsPresent == false)
return;
BinaryReader reader(GetParentView());
reader.SetEndianness(m_endian);
reader.SetVirtualBase(m_universalImageOffset);
try
{
reader.Seek(m_functionStarts.funcoff);
DataBuffer buffer = reader.Read(m_functionStarts.funcsize);
size_t i = 0;
uint64_t curfunc = m_textBase;
uint64_t curOffset = 0;
while (i < m_functionStarts.funcsize)
{
curOffset = readLEB128(buffer, m_functionStarts.funcsize, i);
if (curOffset == 0)
continue;
curfunc += curOffset;
uint64_t target = curfunc;
if (!IsValidFunctionStart(target))
{
LogWarn("Possible error processing LC_FUNCTION_STARTS! Not adding function at: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", target);
continue;
}
Ref<Platform> targetPlatform = platform->GetAssociatedPlatformByAddress(target);
AddFunctionForAnalysis(targetPlatform, target);
LogDebug("Adding function start: %#" PRIx64 "\n", curfunc);
}
}
catch (ReadException&)
{
LogDebug("LC_FUNCTION_STARTS command invalid");
}
}
bool MachoView::ParseRelocationEntry(const relocation_info& info, uint64_t start, BNRelocationInfo& result)
{
// struct BNRelocationInfo
// {
// BNRelocationType type; // BinaryNinja Relocation Type
// bool pcRelative; // PC Relative or Absolute (subtract address from relocation)
// bool baseRelative; // Relative to start of module (Add module base to relocation)
// size_t size; // Size of the data to be written
// size_t truncateSize; // After addition/subtraction truncate to
// uint64_t nativeType; // Base type from relocation entry
// size_t addend; // Addend value from relocation entry
// bool hasSign; // Addend should be subtracted
// bool implicitAddend; // Addend should be read from the BinaryView
// bool external; // Relocation entry points to external symbol
// size_t symbolIndex; // Index into symbol table
// size_t sectionIndex; // Index into the section table
// uint64_t address; // Absolute address or segment offset
// };
LogDebug("\tr_address: %" PRIx32 " + %" PRIx64 " = %" PRIx64, info.r_address, start, info.r_address + start);
LogDebug("\tr_symbolnum: %" PRIx32, info.r_symbolnum);
LogDebug("\tr_pcrel: %" PRIx32, info.r_pcrel);
LogDebug("\tr_length: %" PRIx32, info.r_length);
LogDebug("\tr_extern: %" PRIx32, info.r_extern);
LogDebug("\tr_type: %" PRIx32, info.r_type);
if (m_objectFile && (info.r_address & R_SCATTERED))
{
LogError("Scattered Relocations not currently supported");
return false;
}
switch (info.r_length)
{
case 0: result.size = 1; break;
case 1: result.size = 2; break;
case 2: result.size = 4; break;
case 3: result.size = 8; break;