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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="author" content="Matt Makai">
<meta name="description" content="到 Full Stack Python 上学习 JavaScript 和 Web 应用的 MVC 框架。">
<title>JavaScript - Full Stack Python</title>
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<div style="margin: 0 0 12px;background-color: #22B24C;">
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<p class="banner sans-font">
<a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/courses/explore_entrepreneurs/python-for-entrepreneurs-build-and-launch-your-online-business" style="color: #fff">创业家的 Python: 边创造你自己的生意边学 Python</a>!
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<h1>JavaScript</h1>
<p>JavaScript 是一种小型的脚本编程语言，它嵌于 Web 浏览器中，用于实现动态内容和用户交互。</p>
<h2>为什么说 JavaScript 是必需的？</h2>
<p>JavaScript 在客户端执行，它能实现单独的 HTML 和 CSS 不可能实现的动态内容和用户交互。现在的每个 Python Web 应用都在前端使用 JavaScript。</p>
<h2>前端框架</h2>
<p>前端 JavaScript 框架将 Web 应用的绝大多数呈现功能移到了客户端。因为网页在每次点击新链接时不用重新加载，这种类型的应用通常非正式地被称为 “单面应用”。相反的，这种应用中的部分 HTML 页面会加载到文档对象模型中，或者通过 API 调用获取的数据会显示到已存在的页面上。</p>
<p>这些前端框架包括：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://angularjs.org/">Angular.js</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://backbonejs.org/">Backbone.js</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://emberjs.com/">Ember.js</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>前端框架发展非常迅速。过不了几年，关于框架使用的最佳实践的共识将会达成。</p>
<h2>JavaScript 的起源？</h2>
<p>JavaScript 是对 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/JavaScript_Overview">ECMAScript 规范</a> 的一种实现，该规范是由 <a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/default.htm">Ecma 国际标准组织</a> 定义的。</p>
<h2>JavaScript 资源</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://ashleynolan.co.uk/blog/frontend-tooling-survey-2015-results">2015 年前端工具</a> 显示了一份关于前端开发人员在 CSS 预处理/后处理过程及其它构建步骤中都使用哪些工具的调查结果。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/">浏览器工作原理</a> 对 JavaScript 和 CSS，以及页面是如何在浏览器中呈现的等知识进行了非常好的概述。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>由 Mozilla 发布的 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/A_re-introduction_to_JavaScript">重新介绍 JavaScript</a> 对 JavaScript 的基本语法和操作符进行了讲解。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2011/10/28/useful-coding-workflow-tools-for-web-designers-developers/">代码工具与 JavaScript 库</a> 是一份由 Smashing Magazine 整理的长清单，列出了与 JavaScript 相关的库与工具，并对列出的每一项进行了讲解。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://superherojs.com/">Superhero.js</a> 是一份关于如何测试、组织、理解 JavaScript 及其一般性用法的资源列表，它设计的相当赞。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.unheap.com/">Unheap</a> 收集了一份非常不错的可重用 JQuery 插件集，从导航栏到显示媒体内容，内容涉及各个方面。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.breck-mckye.com/blog/2014/12/the-state-of-javascript-in-2015/">2015 年的 JavaScript 状况</a> 论述了这样一个观点：因生态系统变动，比起大型框架，人们现在更倾向于使用小型、单一用途的 JavaScript 库。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.infoq.com/articles/modern-javascript-toolbox">当代 JavaScript 开发者工具集</a> 为那些在他们的 Web 应用中使用 Javascript 的开发者，提供了一份客户端和服务端常用工具的高度概括。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>JavaScript 学习清单</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<p>创建一个只含基本元素的简单 HTML 文件。使用 <code>python -m SimpleHTTPServer</code> 命令来开启服务端进程。在 HTML 文件的 <code><body></code> 区域的最末尾创建一个 <code><script type="text/javascript"></script></code>。 在 script 元素中通过试验 JavaScript 来学习基本语法。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>下载 <a href="http://jquery.com/">JQuery</a> 并将它添加到页面中的 JavaScript 元素之前，开始使用 JQuery 并理解它如何使 JavaScript 的基本功能变得更加易用。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>在页面上使用 JavaScript。将上面列出的开源项目中的示例和 JQuery 插件加入到页面中。到 <a href="http://www.unheap.com/">Unheap</a> 上查找大量的分类 JQuery 插件集。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>查看上面列出的 JavaScript 资源，学习更多的高级概念并研究开源库。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>将 JavaScript 加入到你的 Web 应用中，查看 <a href="/static-content.html">静态内容</a> 那一章来学习如何发布 JavaScript 文件。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>你想给你的应用设置样式？还是要部署呢？</h3>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
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<a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M275 128h1505l-266 1333-804 267-698-267 71-356h297l-29 147 422 161 486-161 68-339h-1208l58-297h1209l38-191h-1208z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">我的应用可以运行但是很难看。如何美化用户界面？</p> </div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="well select-next">
<a href="/deployment.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1792 640q0 26-19 45l-512 512q-19 19-45 19t-45-19-19-45v-256h-224q-98 0-175.5 6t-154 21.5-133 42.5-105.5 69.5-80 101-48.5 138.5-17.5 181q0 55 5 123 0 6 2.5 23.5t2.5 26.5q0 15-8.5 25t-23.5 10q-16 0-28-17-7-9-13-22t-13.5-30-10.5-24q-127-285-127-451 0-199 53-333 162-403 875-403h224v-256q0-26 19-45t45-19 45 19l512 512q19 19 19 45z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">我已经创建了一个 Python Web 应用，那我如何部署呢？</p> </div>
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<a href="/static-content.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M526 1394q0 53-37.5 90.5t-90.5 37.5q-52 0-90-38t-38-90q0-53 37.5-90.5t90.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 37.5 90.5zm498 206q0 53-37.5 90.5t-90.5 37.5-90.5-37.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-90.5 90.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 37.5 90.5zm-704-704q0 53-37.5 90.5t-90.5 37.5-90.5-37.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-90.5 90.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 37.5 90.5zm1202 498q0 52-38 90t-90 38q-53 0-90.5-37.5t-37.5-90.5 37.5-90.5 90.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 37.5 90.5zm-964-996q0 66-47 113t-113 47-113-47-47-113 47-113 113-47 113 47 47 113zm1170 498q0 53-37.5 90.5t-90.5 37.5-90.5-37.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-90.5 90.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 37.5 90.5zm-640-704q0 80-56 136t-136 56-136-56-56-136 56-136 136-56 136 56 56 136zm530 206q0 93-66 158.5t-158 65.5q-93 0-158.5-65.5t-65.5-158.5q0-92 65.5-158t158.5-66q92 0 158 66t66 158z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">我应该如何提供静态内容文件服务？</p> </div>
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<h4>在这里注册以便每月能收到一份邮件资料，内容包含本站的主要更新、教程和 Python 书籍的打折码等。</h4>
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<h3 class="panel-head">邮件获取更新</h3>
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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. 简介</a><a href="/learning-programming.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>学习编程</a><a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>为什么用 Python？</a><a href="/python-2-or-3.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Python 2 还是 3？</a><a href="/enterprise-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>企业 Python</a><a href="/python-community.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Python Community</a><a href="/best-python-podcasts.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Best Python Podcasts</a><a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>最佳 Python 资源</a><a href="/best-python-videos.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>最佳 Python 视频</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. 开发环境</a><a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Vim</a><a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Emacs</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. 核心语言</a><a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>生成器</a><a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>推导式</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. 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Web APIs</a><a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>API 集成</a><a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>API 的创建</a><a href="/twilio.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Twilio</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. 部署</a><a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>服务器</a><a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>平台即服务（PaaS）</a><a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>操作系统</a><a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; 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需要更加详细的教程吗？请看
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