index.php

<?php

use Phalcon\Loader;
use Phalcon\Mvc\View;
use Phalcon\Mvc\View\Engine\Volt;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Application;
use Phalcon\DI\FactoryDefault;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Url as UrlProvider;
use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\Mysql as DbAdapter;
use Phalcon\Session\Adapter\Files as Session;

use Phalcon\Flash\Direct as FlashDirect;
use Phalcon\Flash\Session as FlashSession;

try {

    // Register an autoloader
    $loader = new Loader();
    $loader->registerDirs(array(
        'app/controllers/',
        'app/controllers/admin/',
        'app/models/'
    ));

    $loader->register();

    // Create a DI
    $di = new FactoryDefault();

    define('APPLICATION_PATH', __DIR__);

    // Load the general configuration
    $config = new \Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Ini('app/config/testing.ini');

    $di->set('config', $config);

    // setting up the database using the configuration
    $di->set('db', function () use ($config) {
        return new DbAdapter(array(
            "host"     => $config->database->host,
            "username" => $config->database->username,
            "password" => $config->database->password,
            "dbname"   => $config->database->dbname,
            "port"     => $config->database->port,
            "charset"  => "utf8",
        ));
    });

    // Set up the flash service
    $di->set(
        "flashDirect",
        function () {
            return new FlashDirect(
                [
                    "error"   => "alert alert-danger",
                    "success" => "alert alert-success",
                    "notice"  => "alert alert-info",
                    "warning" => "alert alert-warning",
                ]);
        }
    );

    // Set up the flash session service
    $di->set(
        "flash",
        function () {
            return new FlashSession(
                [
                    "error"   => "alert alert-danger",
                    "success" => "alert alert-success",
                    "notice"  => "alert alert-info",
                    "warning" => "alert alert-warning",
                ]);
        }
    );

    // Register Volt as a service
    $di->set('voltService', function ($view, $di) {
        $volt = new Volt($view, $di);
        $volt->setOptions(
            array(
                "compiledPath"      => "app/views.cache/",
                "compiledExtension" => ".compiled",
                'compileAlways'     => true
            )
        );
        $compiler = $volt->getCompiler();
        $compiler->addFunction('strtotime', 'strtotime');
        $compiler->addFilter("remove_dashes", function ($resolvedArgs) {
            return "str_replace('-', ' ', $resolvedArgs)";
        });
        return $volt;
    });


    // Register Volt as template engine
    $di->set('view', function () {
        $view = new View();
        $view->setViewsDir('app/views/');
        $view->registerEngines(
            array(
                ".volt" => 'voltService'
            )
        );
        return $view;
    });


    // Start the session the first time when some component request the session service
    $di->setShared('session', function () {
        $session = new Session();
        $session->start();
        return $session;
    });

    ini_set('date.timezone', 'Europe/Sofia');
    date_default_timezone_set('Europe/Sofia');
    $di->getShared('db')->query('SET time_zone = "+3:00"')->execute();

    // Handle the request
    $application = new Application($di);

    // Define a route
    $application->router->add(
        "/admin/:controller/:action/:params",
        [
            "controller" => 1,
            "action"     => 2,
            "params"     => 3,
        ]
    );
    // Define a route
    $application->router->add(
        "/admin/:controller",
        [
            "controller" => 1
        ]
    );
    // Define a route
    $application->router->add(
        "/admin/:controller/",
        [
            "controller" => 1
        ]
    );
    // Define a route
    $application->router->add(
        "/admin",
        [
            "controller" => "objects"
        ]
    );
    echo $application->handle()->getContent();

} catch (\Exception $e) {
    echo "PhalconException: ", $e->getMessage();
    echo "<pre>";
    print_r($e->getTraceAsString());
    echo "</pre>";
    var_dump($e->getTrace());
}