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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<html>
<head>
<title>EOF - EVM Object Format</title>
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</head>
<body class="is-preload">
<!-- Wrapper -->
<div id="wrapper">
<!-- Header -->
<header id="header" class="alt">
<span class="logo"><img src="images/eof.png" alt="" /></span>
</header>
<!-- Nav -->
<nav id="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#intro" class="active">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#first">Motivation</a></li>
<li><a href="#second">Implementations</a></li>
<li><a href="#cta">Learn More</a></li>
<li><a href="#resources">Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<!-- Main -->
<div id="main">
<!-- Introduction -->
<section id="intro" class="main">
<div class="spotlight">
<div class="content">
<p>The EVM Object Format (EOF) is an important upgrade for the Ethereum Virtual Machine, comprising <a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7692">a series of
EIPs</a>. It introduces an extensible and versioned container format for EVM bytecode with a once-off
validation at deploy time, focusing on separating code and data, enhancing code validation, and improving
overall efficiency. </p>
</div>
<span class="image"><img src="images/eof_icon.jpg" alt="" /></span>
</div>
</section>
<!-- First Section -->
<section id="first" class="main special">
<header class="major">
<h2>Motivation</h2>
</header>
<ul class="features">
<li>
<h3>Code validation at deploy time</h3>
<p>Instead of having the interpreter validate instructions repeatedly at runtime, EVM bytecode is validated only once during contract creation, providing a faster, cheaper, and more secure execution.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3>Code-data separation</h3>
<p>EOF separates EVM bytecode from data, making it easier for static analysis tools, formal verification, and L2s to process executable code.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3>Removal of dynamic JUMPs</h3>
<p>EOF bytecode uses only <a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4200">static relative jumps</a>, which is very desirable for tools involving static analysis, formal verification, compilation to native code, zero-knowledge circuits, as well as L2 EVMs.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3>Code and gas non-observability</h3>
<p>Lack of code and gas observability is a <a href="https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/eof-proposal-ban-code-introspection-of-eof-accounts/12113">long-sought trait of the EVM</a> allowing a more maintainable and upgradeable protocol.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3>Removal of JUMPDEST-analysis</h3>
<p>By obsoleting JUMPDEST-analysis done at contract runtime, EOF simplifies reasoning about EVM bytecode, as well as other changes, like <a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6690">EVMMAX</a>, <a href="https://verkle.info">Verkle</a> or bytecode size increase.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3>First-class support for EVM functions</h3>
<p><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4750">Functions in EOF</a> are a subroutine mechanism not relying on dynamic jumps. It improves analysis opportunities by encoding the number of inputs and outputs for each given function, and isolating the stack of each function.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3>Code versioning</h3>
<p>Introducing versioning will make backwards-incompatible upgrades much easier. Backwards compatible changes can be done without bumping the EOF version, even if new instructions are introduced.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3>Addressing EVM pain points</h3>
<p>EOF proposals address many long-standing issues and quirks of the EVM, streamlining compiler development, providing new compiler optimization opportunities, and ultimately improving developer experience. An example of this are the new improved stack management instructions.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Second Section -->
<section id="second" class="main special">
<header class="major">
<h2>Implementations</h2>
<p>EOF has been implemented in the following clients and projects.</p>
</header>
<div class="statistics" style="margin: 0px auto; width: 70%; font-size: 85%">
<!-- **NOTE**: How to obtain the HTML table? -->
<!-- 1. Copy source (including reference links) from https://github.com/ipsilon/eof/blob/main/spec/implementation_matrix.md -->
<!-- 2. Paste into https://parsedown.org/demo, convert to HTML -->
<!-- 3. Paste result below inside the div tag -->
<div class="table-wrapper">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3540">3540</a></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3670">3670</a></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4200">4200</a></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4750">4750</a></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5450">5450</a></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6206">6206</a></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7480">7480</a></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7069">7069</a></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7620">7620</a></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7698">7698</a></th>
<th><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-663">663</a></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://github.com/ipsilon/eof/blob/main/spec/eof.md"><strong>Megaspec</strong></a></td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>EIP</strong></td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>testing</strong></td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td></td>
<td>👍</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/tree/mega-eof">besu</a></td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>erigon</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>🚧</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/pull/3440">ethereumjs</a></td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://github.com/ethereum/evmone">evmone</a></td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/29518">geth</a></td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td></td>
<td>🚧</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://github.com/NethermindEth/nethermind/commits/feature/evm/eof">nethermind</a></td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>revm</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://github.com/ipsilon/solidity/tree/eof-functions-rebased/libsolidity">solidity POC</a></td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/3457">vyper</a></td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>🚧</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/pull/972">EELS</a></td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
<td>👍</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="statistics">
<li class="style3">
<span class="icon solid fa-code-branch"></span>
<strong>EOF Tests</strong>
<div><a href="https://github.com/ethereum/tests/tree/develop/src/EOFTestsFiller">- Validation Tests</a></div>
<div><a href="https://ethereum.github.io/execution-spec-tests/main/tests/osaka/eip7692_eof_v1/">- Execution Spec Tests</a></div>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="cta" class="main special">
<header class="major">
<h2>Learn More</h2>
</header>
<ul class="statistics">
<li class="style1">
<span class="icon solid fa-book"></span>
<strong><a href="https://github.com/ipsilon/eof/blob/main/spec/eof.md">EOF Specification</a></strong>
</li>
<li class="style2">
<span class="icon solid fa-file"></span>
<strong><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7692">EOF EIPs</a></strong>
</li>
<li class="style3">
<span class="icon solid fa-play"></span>
<strong><a href="https://github.com/ethereum/pm/issues?q=is%3Aissue+%22EOF+Implementers+Call%22">EOF Implementers Calls</a></strong>
</li>
<li class="style4">
<span class="icon solid fa-question"></span>
<strong><a href="https://twitter.com/teamipsilon">Ask Questions</a></strong>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Resources -->
<section id="resources" class="main special">
<header class="major">
<h2>Resources</h2>
<p><a href="https://eof.wtf/">eof.wtf</a>: EOF Parser and Visualizer</p>
<p><a href="https://www.evm.codes/?fork=EOF">evm.codes</a>: EVM Opcode Reference (Deprecated opcodes have yet to be removed)</p>
<p><a href="https://x.com/rakitadragan/status/1825174503548178843">EOF taxonomy infographic</a> by Dragan Rakita</p>
<h2>Talks/Videos</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-bAWOBemyc">EOF Explanation</a> by Uttam Singh<p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2mlptWzphc">EOF - History and motivation</a> by Danno Ferrin (Devcon 7)</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKVgCoNp39g">EOF - Managing the bytecode chaos</a> by Alex Murashkin (Devcon 7)</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80szRrNW0MM">Zoom in on EOF stack validation</a> by Andrei Maiboroda (Devcon 7)</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeKMerFPJoM">The Future of EOF: Layer 1, Layer 2, and Beyond!</a> by Danno Ferrin (Devcon 7)</p>
</header>
</section>
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<h2>Ipsilon</h2>
<ul class="actions">
<li><a href="https://ipsilon.xyz" class="button">Learn More</a></li>
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<section>
<p>EOF Object Format is part of Ipsilon's projects. To learn more about other EVM related projects visit <a href="https://ipsilon.xyz">ipsilon.xyz</a></p>
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