Suma_divisible.lean

-- Suma_divisible.lean
-- Si a divide a b y a c, entonces divide a b+c.
-- José A. Alonso Jiménez <https://jaalonso.github.io>
-- Sevilla, 7-noviembre-2023
-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------

-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Demostrar que si a es un divisor de b y de c, tambien lo es de b + c.
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Demostración en lenguaje natural
-- ================================

-- Puesto que a divide a b y a c, existen d y e tales que
--    b = ad                                                         (1)
--    c = ae                                                         (2)
-- Por tanto,
--    b + c = ad + c     [por (1)]
--          = ad + ae    [por (2)]
--          = a(d + e)   [por la distributiva]
-- Por consiguiente, a divide a b + c.

-- Demostraciones con Lean4
-- ========================

import Mathlib.Tactic

variable {a b c : ℕ}

-- 1ª demostración
example
  (h1 : a ∣ b)
  (h2 : a ∣ c)
  : a ∣ (b + c) :=
by
  rcases h1 with ⟨d, beq : b = a * d⟩
  rcases h2 with ⟨e, ceq: c = a * e⟩
  have h1 : b + c = a * (d + e) :=
    calc b + c
         = (a * d) + c       := congrArg (. + c) beq
       _ = (a * d) + (a * e) := congrArg ((a * d) + .) ceq
       _ = a * (d + e)       := by rw [← mul_add]
  show a ∣ (b + c)
  exact Dvd.intro (d + e) h1.symm

-- 2ª demostración
example
  (h1 : a ∣ b)
  (h2 : a ∣ c)
  : a ∣ (b + c) :=
by
  rcases h1 with ⟨d, beq : b = a * d⟩
  rcases h2 with ⟨e, ceq: c = a * e⟩
  have h1 : b + c = a * (d + e) := by linarith
  show a ∣ (b + c)
  exact Dvd.intro (d + e) h1.symm

-- 3ª demostración
example
  (h1 : a ∣ b)
  (h2 : a ∣ c)
  : a ∣ (b + c) :=
by
  rcases h1 with ⟨d, beq : b = a * d⟩
  rcases h2 with ⟨e, ceq: c = a * e⟩
  show a ∣ (b + c)
  exact Dvd.intro (d + e) (by linarith)

-- 4ª demostración
example
  (h1 : a ∣ b)
  (h2 : a ∣ c)
  : a ∣ (b + c) :=
by
  cases' h1 with d beq
  -- d : ℕ
  -- beq : b = a * d
  cases' h2 with e ceq
  -- e : ℕ
  -- ceq : c = a * e
  rw [ceq, beq]
  -- ⊢ a ∣ a * d + a * e
  use (d + e)
  -- ⊢ a * d + a * e = a * (d + e)
  ring

-- 5ª demostración
example
  (h1 : a ∣ b)
  (h2 : a ∣ c)
  : a ∣ (b + c) :=
by
  rcases h1 with ⟨d, rfl⟩
  -- ⊢ a ∣ a * d + c
  rcases h2 with ⟨e, rfl⟩
  -- ⊢ a ∣ a * d + a * e
  use (d + e)
  -- ⊢ a * d + a * e = a * (d + e)
  ring

-- 6ª demostración
example
  (h1 : a ∣ b)
  (h2 : a ∣ c)
  : a ∣ (b + c) :=
dvd_add h1 h2

-- Lemas usados
-- ============

-- #check (Dvd.intro c : a * c = b → a ∣ b)
-- #check (dvd_add : a ∣ b →  a ∣ c → a ∣ (b + c))
-- #check (mul_add a b c : a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c)