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1. Descriptive: Represent data $X$ by a smaller number of values
1. Predictive: Given some $X$, what is the value of $Y$?
1. Causal: If I change $X$, what will the value of $Y$ be?
Causal questions
> A variable $X$ is a cause of *variable* $Y$ if $Y$ in any way relies on $X$ for its value. ... $X$ is a cause of $Y$ if $Y$ listens to $X$ and decides
> its value in response to what it hears. Pearl et al. p. 5.