diff --git a/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile b/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
index 0a50d450c225a..a1fb2bd5671db 100644
--- a/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ ENV VCPKG_ROOT=/opt/vcpkg
 RUN arrow/ci/scripts/install_vcpkg.sh ${VCPKG_ROOT} ${vcpkg}
 ENV PATH="${PATH}:${VCPKG_ROOT}"
 
-ARG build_type=release
+ARG build_type=debug
 ENV CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${build_type} \
     VCPKG_FORCE_SYSTEM_BINARIES=1 \
     VCPKG_OVERLAY_TRIPLETS=/arrow/ci/vcpkg \
diff --git a/ci/scripts/java_jni_manylinux_build.sh b/ci/scripts/java_jni_manylinux_build.sh
index a8fd08231da8f..070df9bf61790 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/java_jni_manylinux_build.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/java_jni_manylinux_build.sh
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ export ARROW_ORC
 : ${ARROW_S3:=ON}
 : ${ARROW_USE_CCACHE:=OFF}
 : ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:=Debug}
+export CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE
 : ${CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD:=ON}
 : ${VCPKG_ROOT:=/opt/vcpkg}
 : ${VCPKG_FEATURE_FLAGS:=-manifests}