vimtutor-sequel.txt

==============================================================================
=  W e l c o m e  t o  t h e  V I M  T u t o r  S e q u e l  -  Version 1.3  =
==============================================================================

     Vimtutor Sequel is designed to continue your Vim education from
     where the original vimtutor left off. It assumes you are familiar
     with the basics of Vim and will cover more advanced topics and commands.

     The approximate time required to complete the sequel is 30-60 minutes,
     depending on how much time you spend experimenting.

     ATTENTION:
     The commands in the lessons will modify the text.  Make a copy of this
     file to practice on (if you started "vimtutor-sequel" this is already
     a copy).

     It is important to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by
     use.  That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them
     properly.  If you only read the text, you will forget the commands!

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        ### TABLE OF CONTENTS ###

   ** To skip to a specific lesson, type: /Lesson [number] **

   LESSONS:

     Lesson 8: SPLITTING SCREENS
       > 8.1: Creating Splits
       > 8.2: Resizing Splits

     Lesson 9: SPELLCHECK

     Lesson 10: INDENTING, COMMENTING, AND CHANGING CASE
       > 10.1: Indenting
       > 10.2: Commenting
       > 10.3: Changing Case

     Lesson 11: ADVANCED SEARCH AND REPLACE

     Lesson 12: MACROS

     Lesson 13: VIM SCRIPTING

     Lesson 14: VIM PLUGINS

     Lesson 15: VIM SESSIONS AND REGISTERS
       > 15.1: Vim Sessions
       > 15.2: Vim Registers

     Lesson 16: CHANGE NAVIGATION


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 8.1: CREATING SPLITS

     Vim allows you to work on multiple files or different parts of the
     same file simultaneously by splitting the screen. This feature greatly
     enhances productivity when working on complex projects.

     ** To split the screen, use the following commands: **
       :sp - split horizontally and open the same file in split screen

       :vs - split vertically and open the same file in split screen

     ** To open a new file in a split, use: **
       :sp [filename] - split horizontally and open [filename]

       :vs [filename] - split vertically and open [filename]

  1. Press :sp to create a horizontal split of this file.

  2. Use CTRL-W j to move to the new split below.

  3. Type :q to close the split and return to the original window.

  4. Now use :vs to create a vertical split.

  5. Press CTRL-W l to move to the new split on the right.

  6. Again, use :q to close this split.

  NOTE: CTRL-W followed by h, j, k, or l moves between splits.

  7. Open a new file in a split by typing :sp hogwarts.txt

  8. Type i to enter insert mode and write the following text:
     "You're a wizard, Harry!" - Hagrid

  9. Save the file with :w and close it with :q


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 8.2: RESIZING SPLITS

     Once you've created splits, you might want to resize them to better
     fit your needs.

     ** To resize splits, use the CTRL-W window command.**
          CTRL-W +  - increase height of current split
          CTRL-W -  - decrease height of current split
          CTRL-W >  - increase width of current split
          CTRL-W <  - decrease width of current split
          CTRL-W =  - make all splits equal size

  1. Create a horizontal split with :sp

  2. Press CTRL-W + several times to increase its height.

  3. Now press CTRL-W - to decrease its height.

  4. Create a vertical split with :vs

  5. Use CTRL-W > to increase its width, and CTRL-W < to decrease it.

  6. Use CTRL-W 4 > to increase its width 4 times.

  7. Finally, press CTRL-W = to equalize all splits.

  CHALLENGE: Create a layout with three splits:
              - One large split on the left
              - Two smaller splits stacked on the right
              * Hint: you'll need to use :vs once and :sp once,
                      then resize the splits accordingly.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 8 SUMMARY

  1. :sp and :vs split the screen horizontally and vertically.

  2. CTRL-W h/j/k/l navigates between splits.

  3. :q closes the current split.

  4. You can open new or existing files in splits.

  5. CTRL-W +/- changes the height of horizontal splits.

  6. CTRL-W >/< changes the width of vertical splits.

  7. CTRL-W = equalizes all splits.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 9: SPELLCHECK

     Vim's built-in spellchecker can be a powerful tool for writing and
     editing text.

     ** To enable spellcheck, first run this command: **
          :setlocal spell spelllang=en_us - Enable spellcheck (US English)

     You should now see misspelled words underlined in red.

     ** To use spellcheck, use the following commands: **
         ]s  - Move to the next misspelled word
         [s  - Move to the previous misspelled word
         z=  - Suggest corrections for the word under the cursor
         zg  - Add the word under the cursor to the spell file
         zw  - Mark the word as incorrect

  1. Enable spellcheck by typing :setlocal spell spelllang=en_us

  2. Move through the following text using ]s and [s:

--->  Ths is an exampel of a sentance with som mispeled words.
      It was the beast of tims, it was the wurst of tims.

  3. Place your cursor on a misspelled word above and press z= to see
     suggestions and choose a correction by entering its number.

  4. Try adding a correctly spelled but unrecognized word to the dictionary:
     Place your cursor on "Vim" in the marked sentence below and press zg

--->  I love Vim becuse Vim is powerfull. Vim users enjoy Vim.

  5. Mark a correctly spelled word as incorrect:
     Place your cursor on "the" below and press zw before adding it back to
     the dictionary with zg.

--->  The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

  6. Finally, disable spellcheck with :set nospell


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 9 SUMMARY

  1. :setlocal spell spelllang=en_us enables spellcheck.

  2. ]s and [s navigate through misspelled words.

  3. z= suggests corrections, zg adds words, zw marks words as incorrect.

  4. :set nospell disables spellcheck.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 10.1 INDENTING

     ** To indent, comment, or change the case of multiple lines, use the
        following commands. **
         >        - Indent the selected lines to the right
         <        - Indent the selected lines to the left
         [count]> - Indent the selected lines by a certain number of levels
         =        - Auto-indent the selected lines (tries to guess the correct
                    indent)

     To indent multiple lines at once, follow these steps:

  1. Place your cursor on the first line of the Meditations quote below.

  2. Press V} to select the paragraph.

  3. Press > to indent the selected lines.

"Never let the future disturb you. You will meet it,
if you have to, with the same weapons of reason which
today arm you against the present."

  4. To indent by a certain number of levels, use #> where # is the number.
     Try indenting the following paragraph by three levels:

"The first rule of Fight Club is:
You do not talk about Fight Club.
The second rule of Fight Club is:
You do not talk about Fight Club."

  5. Re-select the last visual selection with gv and unindent the paragraph.

  CHALLENGE: Indent the following code properly using the = command:

  int fibonacci(int n) {
  if (n <= 1)
  return n;
  return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2);
  }


 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 10.2 COMMENTING

     NOTE: Different programming languages use different comment symbols.
           For demonstration, the examples below use the `#` symbol.

     ** For commenting/uncommenting a single line, use the following
        commands: **
         I# to comment out the line.
         ^x to uncomment the line.


     ** For multiple lines, use the following commands: **
         :norm I# to comment out the selected lines.
         :norm ^x to uncomment the selected lines.

  1. Place your cursor on the first line of the Python code below.

  2. Press V} to select the paragraph.

  3. Type :norm I# to comment out the selected lines.

  4. Now uncomment the paragraph by reselecting the block
     and typing :norm ^x.


def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")
    print("Welcome to the world of Python.")


  5. Re-select the last visual selection with gv and comment it out again.

  6. To comment out a single line, use I# in normal mode:

print("Hello world!")

  7. To uncomment a single line, use ^x in normal mode.

  CHALLENGE: Comment out every other line in the following quote:

  You don't even think to call me Godfather.
  Instead, you come into my house on the day
  my daughter is to be married, and you uh
  ask me to do murder, for money.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 10.3 CHANGING CASE

     ** To change the case of text, use the following commands: **
         guw - Convert to lowercase (word)
         gUw - Convert to uppercase (word)
         g~w - Toggle case (word)
         gu} - Convert to lowercase (paragraph)
         gU} - Convert to uppercase (paragraph)

  1. Place your cursor at the start of each name and use gUw to
     capitalize it:

     harry potter
     hermione granger
     ron weasley

  2. Now use gu} to convert this entire paragraph to lowercase:

     HOGWART SCHOOL OF WITCHCRAFT AND WIZARDRY
     HEADMASTER: ALBUS DUMBLEDORE
     (ORDER OF MERLIN, FIRST CLASS, GRAND SORC., CHF. WARLOCK,
     SUPREME MUGWUMP, INTERNATIONAL CONFED. OF WIZARDS)

  3. Use g~w to toggle the case of each word in this spell:

     wingardium leviosa

  CHALLENGE: Using a combination of the case-changing commands, transform
             the following text so that each house name is in uppercase, but
             the rest of the text is in lowercase:

  "Not Slytherin, eh?" said the small voice. "Are you sure? You could be
  great, you know, it's all here in your head, and Slytherin will help you
  on the way to greatness, no doubt about that - no? Well, if you're sure
  - better be GRYFFINDOR!"


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 10 SUMMARY

  1. >, <, and = handle indentation.

  2. I, ^x, :norm I#, and :norm ^x can be used to toggle comments for
      one or multiple lines.

  3. gu, gU, and g~ change the case of text.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 11: ADVANCED SEARCH AND REPLACE

     Vim's search capabilities go beyond basic find operations.

     ** Advanced search commands: **
         *   - Search forward for the word under the cursor
         #   - Search backward for the word under the cursor
         g*  - Search forward for the partial word under the cursor
         g#  - Search backward for the partial word under the cursor

     ** For search and replace, use: **
         :s/old/new/g      - Replace occurences of 'old' with 'new' in the
                             current line
         :s/old/new/gc     - Replace with confirmation in the current line
         :%s/old/new/g     - Replace all occurrences of 'old' with 'new'
         :%s/old/new/gc    - Replace all occurrences with confirmation

  1. Place your cursor on "vim" and press * to search forward for it:

     vim editor vim vim editor vim

  2. Now use # to search backward.

  3. Place your cursor on "ed" and use g* to search for partial matches.

  4. Replace "old" with "new" in the following text by selecting the line
     in visual mode and typing :s/old/new/g

     The old dog learned old tricks from an old book.

  5. Now try with confirmation using :s/vim/emacs/gc. You can press y to
     confirm, n to skip, a to replace all, and q to quit subsitutions.

     I love vim because vim is powerful. Vim users enjoy vim. Vim is great.

  CHALLENGE: Use advanced search and replace to change all instances of
             "lion" to "penguin" and "Africa" to "Antarctica" in the
             following paragraph. Use confirmation to decide which
             instances to change:

  My favorite animal is the lion. The lion
  lives mostly in Africa. If you visit Africa,
  you might see a lion.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                         Lesson 11 SUMMARY

  1. * and # search for whole words, g* and g# for partial words.

  2. :%s/old/new/g replaces all occurrences in the file.

  3. Adding 'c' to the end prompts for confirmation on each replacement.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 12: MACROS

     Macros allow you to record a sequence of commands and play them back.

     ** To use macros: **
          qa  - Start recording a macro into register 'a'
          q   - Stop recording
          @a  - Play back the macro stored in register 'a'
          @@  - Repeat the last played macro

      NOTE: We will discuss registers more in depth in Lesson 15.2. For
      now, just know that registers are like named clipboards that can
      store text or, in this case, a series of commands. You can use any
      letter from a to z as a register name for your macros.

  1. Place your cursor at the start of the first line below.
     Type qa to start recording, then perform these actions:

         - Change "TODO" to "DONE" using cw
         - Move to the next line using j
         - Type q to stop recording.

     TODO: First task
     TODO: Second task
     TODO: Third task

  2. Move back to the second line and type @a to play the macro.

  3. Type @@ to repeat the macro for the third line.

  CHALLENGE: Create a macro that will format the following ingredient list.
             Each line should be capitalized and end with a period.
             Example: "Russet potatoes: 3" becomes "Russet Potatoes: 3."

  red onions: 2
  butter stick: 4
  yellow squash: 5
  english cucumber: 1


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 12 SUMMARY

  1. qa starts recording a macro into register 'a'.

  2. q stops the recording.

  3. @a plays back the macro, and @@ repeats the last macro.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 13: VIM SCRIPTING

     Vim has its own scripting language that allows you to create
     some functions and commands. This lesson will guide you through
     creating, saving, and using Vim scripts.

     ** Basic Vim script syntax: **
         let variablename = value    " Assign a value to a variable
         echo "message"              " Print a message
         function! FunctionName()    " Define a function
         endfunction                 " End function definition
         call FunctionName()         " Call a function

  1. Let's create a simple function. First, open a new buffer by typing
     `:new` followed by `Enter`. Then, enter insert mode and copy the
     following function:

function! Lumos()
  echo "Lumos Maxima! The tip of your wand lights up."
endfunction

     After doing this, save the buffer as a script file by exiting
     insert mode with `Esc` and then typing `:w myscript.vim` followed
     by `Enter`.

  2. Source the script file to load the function with the following:
        :source myscript.vim

  3. Now, let's call our function. In normal mode, type:
     :call Lumos()

     You should see "Lumos Maxima! The tip of your wand lights up."

  4. Let's create a more complex function that uses a parameter:
     Open `myscript.vim` if it's not already open (`:e myscript.vim`)
     Insert the following function:

function! CastSpell(spell)
  if a:spell == "Lumos"
    echo "The tip of your wand lights up."
  elseif a:spell == "Nox"
    echo "The light at the tip of your wand goes out."
  else
    echo "You wave your wand, but nothing happens."
  endif
endfunction

  5. Once again, write and source the script file by using `:w` to
     write the changes and `:source myscript.vim` to load the functions.

  6. Now let's call our function with different spells:
     :call CastSpell("Lumos")
     :call CastSpell("Nox")
     :call CastSpell("Expelliarmus")

  7. We can also create custom commands. Insert the following in
     `myscript.vim`:

command! Lumos call CastSpell("Lumos")
command! Nox call CastSpell("Nox")

     Then write and source the updated commands.

     Now you can use `:Lumos` and `:Nox` as commands!

  8. Let's create a mapping. Let's map the Lumos spell to the leader key.

     NOTE: The `<leader>` key is a special key used in Vim to create custom
     shortcuts. By deafault, it is often set to the `\` key. However, you can
     customize it in your `.vimrc`. For example, you can set it to `,` with:

         let mapleader = ","


     Type the following in `myscript.vim`:

nnoremap <leader>l :call CastSpell("Lumos")<CR>

     Now, pressing <leader>l in normal mode will cast Lumos!

  CHALLENGE: Create a function called "SortingHat" that takes a
             name as a parameter and randomly assigns it to one
             of the four Hogwarts houses. Then create a command
             called :SortMe that calls this function with your
             name.

  Hint: You can use the random() function in Vim to generate a random
        number.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 13 SUMMARY

  1. `let` assigns a value to a variable.

  2. `echo` prints a message.

  3. `function!` and `endfunction` define a function.

  4. `call` invokes a function.

  5. Custom commands can be created using `command!`.

  6. Mappings can be created with `nnoremap`.

  7. The `<leader>` key is a special key that can be used to create custom
     shortcuts and can be customized with `let mapleader = "your_key"`.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 14: VIM PLUGINS


     Plugins extend Vim's functionality. Let's explore how to use them.

     NOTE: For this lesson, we'll assume you're using vim-plug as your plugin
     manager. If you haven't installed it yet, you can do so by following the
     instructions at https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug

     ** Basic vim-plug commands: **
         :PlugInstall    " Install plugins
         :PlugUpdate     " Update plugins
         :PlugClean      " Remove unused plugins
         :PlugStatus     " Check the status of plugins

  1. To add a plugin, you need to modify your .vimrc file. Let's add the
     'NERDTree' plugin, which provides a file system explorer. Add this
     line to your .vimrc:

call plug#begin()
Plug 'preservim/nerdtree'
call plug#end()

  2. Save your .vimrc and restart Vim. Then run :PlugInstall to install
     the plugin.

  3. Once installed, you can open NERDTree with :NERDTree

  4. Let's add another useful plugin, 'vim-airline', which enhances the
     status bar:

call plug#begin()
Plug 'preservim/nerdtree'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
call plug#end()

  5. Save, restart Vim, and run :PlugInstall again.

  6. You should now see a more informative status bar at the bottom of
     your Vim window.

  CHALLENGE #1: Research and add a Vim plugin that adds Git integration to
             Vim. Install it and try out its basic functionality.

  CHALLENGE #2: Add the 'preservim/nerdcommenter' plugin to add robust
              commenting functionality to Vim that overcome the
              language-specific limitations of Vim's built-in "commenting".
              Install it and try it out on a code file.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 14 SUMMARY

  1. `:PlugInstall` installs plugins with `vim-plug`

  2. `:PlugUpdate` updates plugins.

  3. `:PlugClean` removes unused plugins.

  4. `:PlugStatus` checks the status of plugins.

  5. Plugins can be added to your `.vimrc` using `Plug 'plugin/repository'`.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 15.1: VIM SESSIONS

     Vim sessions allow you to save your current work environment and restore
     it later.

     ** Session commands: **
         :mksession filename.vim   " Create a session file
         :source filename.vim      " Load a session
         :mksession! filename.vim  " Update an existing session

  1. Open a few files in split windows and create some modifications.

  2. Now, let's save this session. Type:
     :mksession test_session.vim

  3. Quit Vim and restart this tutor with `vimtutor-sequel`.

  4. To restore your session, type:
     :source test_session.vim

  5. Make some more changes, then update your session:
     :mksession! test_session.vim

  CHALLENGE: Create a complex window layout with at least three files open.
             Save it as a session, quit Vim, then restore the session.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 15.2: VIM REGISTERS

     Vim registers are like multiple clipboards that can store text and
     commands.

     ** Register commands: **
         "ay    " Yank into register a
         "ap    " Paste from register a
         :reg   " View the contents of all registers

  1. Yank the first line into register w by placing your cursor on it and
     typing "wy$:

     Wingardium Leviosa

  2. Now move your cursor to the right of the arrow below and paste from
     register w by typing "wp

--->

  3. Copy the following line into register x:

     Expelliarmus

  4. View the contents of your registers by typing :reg

  5. You can even use registers with macros. Record the following macro
     into register m:

     qmcwHogwarts<Esc>jq

  6. Now apply this macro to the following lines using @m:

     Beauxbatons
     Durmstrang
     Ilvermorny

  CHALLENGE: Create a macro that swaps two words and store it in a register.
             Apply this macro to swap the words in the following phrases:
             - Potter Harry
             - Weasley Ron
             - Granger Hermione


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 15 SUMMARY

  1. Vim sessions allow you to save and restore your working environment.

  2. Use :mksession to create a session and :source to restore it.

  3. Use " followed by a letter to specify a register for yanking or pasting.

  4. The :reg command shows the contents of all registers.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 16: CHANGE NAVIGATION

   This lesson covers commands that help you navigate through changes
   and edits in your document efficiently.

   ** Useful change navigation commands: **
       `.       - Jump to position where the last change was made
       g;       - Go to position of last change
       g,       - Go to position of next change
       gi       - Go to the last place where you exited Insert mode
       :earlier - Go to the state of the document at an earlier time
       :later   - Go to the state of the document at a later time

  1. Make a change somewhere in this file, then move your cursor away.
     Use `. to jump back to where you made the change.

  2. Make several changes in different parts of this file. Then use g;
     to move backwards through your change list, and g, to move forwards.

  3. Navigate to the first arrow below and press `A` to append and type some
     text. Press `Esc` and navigate to the second arrow. Now use `gi` to
     return to where you last exited insert mode. Note how it resumes insert
     mode.

--->


--->

  4. Vim maintains a detailed history of changes, known as the undo tree.
     This tree structure allows you to navigate to different states of your
     document, even if those changes were made a while ago.

     ** Undo tree navigation examples: **
         :earlier 5m   - Go back 5 minutes in the document's history.
         :later 5m     - Move forward 5 minutes in the document's history.
         :earlier 5f   - Go back 5 changes in the file's history.
         :later 5f     - Move forward 5 changes in the file's history.

     For more details, see `:help undo-tree`.

  5. Replace the underscores with your name on the following line. Now,
     use `:earlier 1f` to go back 1 change in your editing history.
     Observe the change being reverted. Then, use `:later 1f` to move
     forward 1 change.

---> My name is _____

  CHALLENGE: Experiment with the `:earlier` and `:later` commands using
             different time and change parameters. Notice how Vim allows you
             to navigate through your document's state history efficiently.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        Lesson 16 SUMMARY

  1. `. jumps to the position where the last change was made.

  2. g; and g, navigate through the change list.

  3. gi returns to the last exited insert mode position.

  4. :earlier and :later allow you to navigate through the document's
     state history.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  This concludes the Vimtutor Sequel. If you found this tutor helpful,
  consider starring the repository on GitHub:

      ★  https://github.com/micahkepe/vimtutor-sequel

  For contributing, reporting issues, or requesting new lessons, refer to
  the CONTRIBUTING.md file in the repository.

  For further learning, the following resources are recommended:

  - Vim's built-in help system: :help
  - Vim's official documentation: vimdoc.sourceforge.net
  - Vim's user manual: Accessible with :help user-manual

  Websites:
  - Vimtricks.com
  - Vimgenius.com

  Books:
  - Practical Vim - Drew Neil
  - Learning the Vi and Vim Editors - Arnold Robbins

  Remember, becoming a Vim wizard takes practice, so keep exploring
  and experimenting with these features and more!

  Written by Micah Kepe, 2024.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~