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Static Native Images

Static native images are statically linked binaries which can be used without any additional library dependencies. This makes them suitable for use in a Docker container.

Prerequisites

  • Right now, this only works on Linux AMD64 on Java 11.
  • You will need gcc, make, and configure.
  • Create a directory that will hold the libraries you build. You will refer to this directory as ${RESULT_DIR}.
  • Download the latest musl release here. This document will use musl-1.2.0.
  • Download the latest zlib release here. This document will use zlib-1.2.11.

Build a Static Native Image

If you have musl-gcc on the path, you can build a native image statically linked against muslc with the following options: --static --libc=musl. To verify that musl-gcc is on the path, run musl-gcc -v.

To build a static native image, use:

native-image --static --libc=musl [other arguments] Class

Build a Mostly Static Native Image

As of GraalVM version 20.2, you can build a “mostly static” native image which link statically everything except libc. Native images built this way are convenient to run in Docker containers, for example, based on distroless minimal Linux, glibc-based systems.

To build a mostly-static native image native image, use:

native-image -H:+StaticExecutableWithDynamicLibC [other arguments] Class

Building musl

  • Extract the musl release tarball and cd into the extracted directory.
  • Run ./configure --disable-shared --prefix=${RESULT_DIR}.
  • Run make.
  • Run make install. Other than building musl libraries, the build also creates a gcc wrapper called musl-gcc in the ${RESULT_DIR}/bin directory. You should now put this wrapper on your PATH by running export PATH=$PATH:${RESULT_DIR}/bin.

Building zlib

  • Extract the zlib release tarball and cd into the extracted directory.
  • You need to compile zlib and link it against musl so set CC to musl-gcc: export CC=musl-gcc.
  • Run ./configure --static --prefix=${RESULT_DIR}.
  • Run make.
  • Run make install.

Getting libstdc++

libstdc++ is obtained by building gcc. There are multiple approaches to obtaining it:

  1. Build gcc with musl-gcc.
  2. Use libstdc++.a from your distribution. If you choose this path, check the FAQs page, "How do I use the musl-gcc wrapper?":

The existing libstdc++ is actually compatible with musl in most cases and could be used by copying it into the musl library path, but the C++ header files are usually not compatible. Since do not need C++ header files, this approach should work. If you run into issues, make sure they are not caused by your ditribution's libstdc++.a.

  1. Take libstdc++.a from Alpine. In each case, libstdc++.a must be placed in ${RESULT_DIR}/lib.