dataset.json

{
  "Dates": {
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      "date": 1347,
      "event": "Black Death kills 1/3 of Europe",
      "description": "",
      "type": "catastrophe",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1485": {
      "date": 1485,
      "event": "English sweating sickness",
      "description": "",
      "type": "catastrophe",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1572": {
      "date": 1572,
      "event": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre",
      "description": "",
      "type": "catastrophe",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1666": {
      "date": 1666,
      "event": "Great Fire of London",
      "description": "",
      "type": "catastrophe",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1793": {
      "date": 1793,
      "event": "French Revolution",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1845": {
      "date": 1845,
      "event": "Great Famine of Ireland",
      "description": "",
      "type": "catastrophe",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1846": {
      "date": 1846,
      "event": "Third cholera pandemic",
      "description": "",
      "type": "catastrophe",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1883": {
      "date": 1883,
      "event": "Krakatoa erupts",
      "description": "",
      "type": "catastrophe",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1889": {
      "date": 1889,
      "event": "The Starry Night (van Gogh)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1918": {
      "date": 1918,
      "event": "Spanish flu",
      "description": "",
      "type": "catastrophe",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1933": {
      "date": 1933,
      "event": "Holodomor",
      "description": "",
      "type": "catastrophe",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1941": {
      "date": 1941,
      "event": "The Holocaust",
      "description": "",
      "type": "catastrophe",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1320": {
      "date": 1320,
      "event": "Divine Comedy (Dante)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1484": {
      "date": 1484,
      "event": "The Birth of Venus (Botticelli)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1495": {
      "date": 1495,
      "event": "The Last Supper (da Vinci)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1512": {
      "date": 1512,
      "event": "Sistine Chapel (Michelangelo)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1599": {
      "date": 1599,
      "event": "Hamlet (Shakespeare)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1667": {
      "date": 1667,
      "event": "Paradise Lost (Milton)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1751": {
      "date": 1751,
      "event": "Encyclopédie",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1759": {
      "date": 1759,
      "event": "Candide (Voltaire)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1760": {
      "date": 1760,
      "event": "Industrial Revolution begins",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1786": {
      "date": 1786,
      "event": "The Marriage of Figaro (Mozart)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1790": {
      "date": 1790,
      "event": "Faust (Goethe)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1805": {
      "date": 1805,
      "event": "Napoleon defeats coalition at Austerlitz",
      "description": "Holy Roman Empire dissolved",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1818": {
      "date": 1818,
      "event": "The World as Will and Representation (Schopenhauer)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1861": {
      "date": 1861,
      "event": "Great Expectations (Dickens)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1865": {
      "date": 1865,
      "event": "Tristan und Isolde (Wagner)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1881": {
      "date": 1881,
      "event": "The Portrait of a Lady (James)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1922": {
      "date": 1922,
      "event": "Ulysses (Joyce)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1937": {
      "date": 1937,
      "event": "Guernica (Picasso)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1948": {
      "date": 1948,
      "event": "Feynman creates quantum electrodynamics",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1962": {
      "date": 1962,
      "event": "Campbell's Soup Cans (Warhol)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "culture",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "754": {
      "date": 754,
      "event": "Papal States established",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "843": {
      "date": 843,
      "event": "Treaty of Verdun splits Francia",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1215": {
      "date": 1215,
      "event": "Magna Carta",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1453": {
      "date": 1453,
      "event": "Fall of Constantinople",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1477": {
      "date": 1477,
      "event": "Kingdom of Burgundy dissolves",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1494": {
      "date": 1494,
      "event": "Treaty of Tordesillas sets colonial boundaries",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1555": {
      "date": 1555,
      "event": "Peace of Augsburg legalizes German Lutheranism",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1598": {
      "date": 1598,
      "event": "Edict of Nantes legalizes French Lutheranism",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1620": {
      "date": 1620,
      "event": "Francis Bacon describes the scientific method",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1648": {
      "date": 1648,
      "event": "Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1701": {
      "date": 1701,
      "event": "Kingdom of Prussia established",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1715": {
      "date": 1715,
      "event": "Unification of Spanish kingdoms",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1783": {
      "date": 1783,
      "event": "Treaty of Paris ends American Revolution",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1806": {
      "date": 1806,
      "event": "Holy Roman Empire dissolves",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1815": {
      "date": 1815,
      "event": "Napoleon defeated by coalition at Waterloo",
      "description": "Napoleon defeated",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1848": {
      "date": 1848,
      "event": "The Communist Manifesto (Marx)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1871": {
      "date": 1871,
      "event": "Germany and Italy unified",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1920": {
      "date": 1920,
      "event": "Treaty of Versailles ends World War I",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1931": {
      "date": 1931,
      "event": "Second Spanish Republic established",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1947": {
      "date": 1947,
      "event": "Paris Peace Treaties conclude World War II",
      "description": "",
      "type": "diplomacy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1066": {
      "date": 1066,
      "event": "Normans conquest of England",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1240": {
      "date": 1240,
      "event": "Kievan Rus' falls to the Golden Horde",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1296": {
      "date": 1296,
      "event": "First Scottish War of Independence",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1337": {
      "date": 1337,
      "event": "Hundred Years' War begins",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1429": {
      "date": 1429,
      "event": "Joan of Arc breaks the seige of Orleans",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1455": {
      "date": 1455,
      "event": "Wars of the Roses begins",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1492": {
      "date": 1492,
      "event": "Moors surrender in Granada",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1562": {
      "date": 1562,
      "event": "French Wars of Religion begin",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1588": {
      "date": 1588,
      "event": "Spanish Armada destroyed by England",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1618": {
      "date": 1618,
      "event": "30 Years' War begins",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1642": {
      "date": 1642,
      "event": "English Civil War",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1756": {
      "date": 1756,
      "event": "Seven Years' War begins",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1775": {
      "date": 1775,
      "event": "American Revolution",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1853": {
      "date": 1853,
      "event": "Crimean War",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1870": {
      "date": 1870,
      "event": "Franco-Prussian War",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1914": {
      "date": 1914,
      "event": "World War I begins",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1936": {
      "date": 1936,
      "event": "Spanish Civil War begins",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1939": {
      "date": 1939,
      "event": "World War II begins",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1975": {
      "date": 1975,
      "event": "Cambodian genocide",
      "description": "",
      "type": "military",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1265": {
      "date": 1265,
      "event": "Summa Theologiae (Aquinas)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1637": {
      "date": 1637,
      "event": "Discourse on Method (Descartes)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1651": {
      "date": 1651,
      "event": "Leviathan (Hobbes)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1677": {
      "date": 1677,
      "event": "Ethics (Spinoza)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1689": {
      "date": 1689,
      "event": "Two Treatises of Government (Locke)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1739": {
      "date": 1739,
      "event": "A Treatise of Human Nature (Hume)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1762": {
      "date": 1762,
      "event": "The Social Contract (Rousseau)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1781": {
      "date": 1781,
      "event": "Critique of Pure Reason (Kant)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1791": {
      "date": 1791,
      "event": "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (Wollstonecraft)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1807": {
      "date": 1807,
      "event": "Phenomenology of Spirit (Hegel)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1843": {
      "date": 1843,
      "event": "Either/Or (Kierkegaard)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1886": {
      "date": 1886,
      "event": "Beyond Good and Evil (Nietzsche)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
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      "date": 1890,
      "event": "The Principles of Psychology (James)",
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      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1903": {
      "date": 1903,
      "event": "The Principles of Mathematics (Russell)",
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      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1927": {
      "date": 1927,
      "event": "Being and Time (Heidegger)",
      "description": "",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
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      "date": 1953,
      "event": "Watson and Crick describe shape of DNA",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
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      "date": 1960,
      "event": "Madness and Civilization (Foucault)",
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      "type": "philosophy",
      "hidden": ""
    },
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      "date": 800,
      "event": "Charlemagne crowned Emperor of the Romans",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
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      "date": 863,
      "event": "Photian Schism",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
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      "date": 910,
      "event": "Cluniac Reforms",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "975": {
      "date": 975,
      "event": "Christianization of the Danes",
      "description": "",
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      "hidden": ""
    },
    "989": {
      "date": 989,
      "event": "Christianization of the Rus'",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
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      "date": 1050,
      "event": "Gregorian Reforms",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1054": {
      "date": 1054,
      "event": "East-West Schism",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1076": {
      "date": 1076,
      "event": "Investiture Controversy",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1099": {
      "date": 1099,
      "event": "First Crusade",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1145": {
      "date": 1145,
      "event": "Second Crusade",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1184": {
      "date": 1184,
      "event": "Episcopal Inquisition",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1187": {
      "date": 1187,
      "event": "Third Crusade",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1202": {
      "date": 1202,
      "event": "Fourth Crusade",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1378": {
      "date": 1378,
      "event": "Western Schism",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1415": {
      "date": 1415,
      "event": "Jan Hus executed",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1478": {
      "date": 1478,
      "event": "Spanish Inquisition begins",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1517": {
      "date": 1517,
      "event": "Luther publishes Ninety-Five Theses",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1534": {
      "date": 1534,
      "event": "Church of England founded",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1536": {
      "date": 1536,
      "event": "Institutes of the Christian Religion (Calvin)",
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      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "1633": {
      "date": 1633,
      "event": "Trial of Galileo",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1662": {
      "date": 1662,
      "event": "Puritans ejected from England",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1686": {
      "date": 1686,
      "event": "Russian Orthodox Church founded",
      "description": "",
      "type": "religion",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1543": {
      "date": 1543,
      "event": "Copernicus proposes heliocentrism",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1665": {
      "date": 1665,
      "event": "First peer-reviewed journal",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1675": {
      "date": 1675,
      "event": "Leibniz or Newton create calculus",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1687": {
      "date": 1687,
      "event": "Newton describes gravity and laws of motion",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1752": {
      "date": 1752,
      "event": "Ben Franklin discovers electricity",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1776": {
      "date": 1776,
      "event": "Adam Smith creates economics",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1854": {
      "date": 1854,
      "event": "Lord Kelvin creates thermodynamics",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1859": {
      "date": 1859,
      "event": "Charles Darwin writes about evolution",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1869": {
      "date": 1869,
      "event": "Mendeleev creates the periodic table",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1899": {
      "date": 1899,
      "event": "Freud establishes psychoanalysis",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1905": {
      "date": 1905,
      "event": "Einstein describes special relativity",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1917": {
      "date": 1917,
      "event": "Rutherford confirms the atomic structure",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1928": {
      "date": 1928,
      "event": "Fleming creates penicillin",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    },
    "1942": {
      "date": 1942,
      "event": "Manhattan project develops the atom bomb",
      "description": "",
      "type": "science",
      "hidden": ""
    }
  },
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      "name": "Harald V",
      "image": "",
      "house": "Glucksburg",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1991,
      "end": 2019,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Olav V": {
      "name": "Olav V",
      "image": "",
      "house": "",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1957,
      "end": 1991,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Haakon VII": {
      "name": "Haakon VII",
      "image": "",
      "house": "",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1905,
      "end": 1957,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Oscar II": {
      "name": "Oscar II",
      "image": "",
      "house": "Bernadotte",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1872,
      "end": 1905,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
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    }
  },
  "Italy": {
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      "name": "Victor Emmanuel II",
      "image": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/VictorEmmanuel2.jpg/420px-VictorEmmanuel2.jpg",
      "house": "Savoy",
      "houseImage": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_king_of_italy_%281890-1946%29.svg/340px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_king_of_italy_%281890-1946%29.svg.png",
      "start": 1861,
      "end": 1878,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "Catholic",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Umberto I": {
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      "image": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Neurdein_-_Umberto_I_di_Savoia_come_principe_ereditario.jpg",
      "house": "Savoy",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1878,
      "end": 1900,
      "endReason": "Assassinated, 56",
      "religion": "Catholic",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Victor Emmanuel III": {
      "name": "Victor Emmanuel III",
      "image": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Eduardo_Gioja_Viktor_Emanuel_III_1913.jpg/400px-Eduardo_Gioja_Viktor_Emanuel_III_1913.jpg",
      "house": "Savoy",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1900,
      "end": 1946,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Umberto II": {
      "name": "Umberto II",
      "image": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Philip_de_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_-_Prince_Umberto_of_Savoy%2C_Prince_of_Piedmont_1928.jpg/440px-Philip_de_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_-_Prince_Umberto_of_Savoy%2C_Prince_of_Piedmont_1928.jpg",
      "house": "Savoy",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1946,
      "end": 1946,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    }
  },
  "Spain": {
    "Philip II": {
      "name": "Philip II",
      "image": "img/spain/philip_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1556,
      "end": 1598,
      "endReason": "Cancer, 71",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "King of England and Ireland through marriage to Mary Tudor",
        "Ruled during the Spanish Golden Age, the height of Spanish power",
        "Sent the Spanish Armada to England to place a Catholic on the throne"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "French Wars of Religion, 1562-98",
        "Dutch War of Independence",
        "Anglo-Spanish War, 1585-1604"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Mary I, Wife, img/england/mary_i.png",
        "France, Henry II, Father-in-law, img/france/henry_ii.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Maximilian II, Brother-in-law, img/hre/maximilian_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1597.jpg"
    },
    "Philip III": {
      "name": "Philip III",
      "image": "img/spain/philip_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1598,
      "end": 1621,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 42",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Expelled 300,000 Moriscos, Christiantized descendants of the Moors",
        "Famine, poor taxation, and debt led to the economic decline of Spain",
        "Intervened against German Protestants at the start of Thirty Years' War"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Dutch War of Independence",
        "Anglo-Spanish War, 1585-1604",
        "Thiry Years' War, 1618-48"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Ferdinand II, Brother-in-law, img/hre/ferdinand_ii.jpg",
        "France, Louis XIII, Son-in-law, img/france/louis_xiii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1597.jpg"
    },
    "Philip IV": {
      "name": "Philip IV",
      "image": "img/spain/philip_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1621,
      "end": 1665,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 60",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Acknowledged independence of the Dutch Republic",
        "Lost Flanders and Northern Catalonia to the French",
        "Portugal removes itself from union, crowning John IV"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Thiry Years' War, 1618-48",
        "Spanish-French War, 1635-59",
        "Portuguese Restoration War"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Henry IV, Father-in-law, img/france/henry_iv.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1664.jpg"
    },
    "Charles II": {
      "name": "Charles II",
      "image": "img/spain/charles_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1665,
      "end": 1700,
      "endReason": "Illness, 38",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Sterile, lame, epileptic, senile, and always on the verge of death",
        "Named the French Philip of Anjou as his successor",
        "Succession crisis leads to war between Bourbons and Habsburgs"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Austria, Maria Anna, Aunt/grandmother, img/spain/maria_anna.jpg",
        "Austria, Mariana, Mother/cousin, img/spain/mariana.jpg",
        "Spain, Philip III, Grandfather/great-grandfather, img/spain/philip_iii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1700.jpg"
    },
    "Philip V": {
      "name": "Philip V",
      "image": "img/spain/philip_v.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1700,
      "end": 1724,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Grandson of French king, who hoped to secure throne for himsef",
        "War ended with a treaty forbidding France and Spain from unifying",
        "Failed to reclaim lost territories of Sicily and Sardinia"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Spanish Succession",
        "War of the Quadruple Alliance"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Louis XIV, Grandfather, img/france/louis_xiv.jpg",
        "Italy, Maria Luisa, Wife, img/spain/maria_luisa.jpg",
        "Portugal, Joseph I, Son-in-law, img/portugal/joseph_i.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1746.jpg"
    },
    "Louis I": {
      "name": "Louis I",
      "image": "img/spain/louis_i.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1724,
      "end": 1724,
      "endReason": "Smallpox, 17",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Father Philip abdicated, possibly to press claim for French throne",
        "Died after only seven months as king"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1746.jpg"
    },
    "Philip V ": {
      "name": "Philip V ",
      "image": "img/spain/philip_v.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1724,
      "end": 1746,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 62",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Came back to throne because younger son, Ferdinand, was not of age"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Polish Succession",
        "War of the Austrian Succession"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Louis XIV, Grandfather, img/france/louis_xiv.jpg",
        "Italy, Maria Luisa, Wife, img/spain/maria_luisa.jpg",
        "Portugal, Joseph I, Son-in-law, img/portugal/joseph_i.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1746.jpg"
    },
    "Ferdinand VI": {
      "name": "Ferdinand VI",
      "image": "img/spain/ferdinand_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1746,
      "end": 1759,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 45",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Reformed taxation, which had heavily taxed Castile",
        "Fought with Portugal over the colony of Sacramento in Uruguay",
        "Died without issue, giving crown to younger brother Charles III"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Austrian Succession"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Portugal, John V, Father-in-law, img/portugal/john_v.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1759.jpg"
    },
    "Charles III": {
      "name": "Charles III",
      "image": "img/spain/charles_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1759,
      "end": 1788,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 72",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Won throne of Sicily and Naples through war of Polish succession",
        "Succeeded to Spanish throne after death of older brother",
        "Lost colonies to Britain, reclaiming them after American Revolution"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Polish Succession",
        "War of the Austrian Succession",
        "Seven Years' War, 1756-63"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Italy, Elizabeth Farnese, Mother, img/italy/elisabeth_farnese.jpg",
        "Portugal, Mariana Victoria, Daughter-in-law, img/portugal/mariana_victoria.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Leopold II, Son-in-law, img/hre/leopold_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1759.jpg"
    },
    "Charles IV": {
      "name": "Charles IV",
      "image": "img/spain/charles_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1788,
      "end": 1808,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Switched sides between France and Britain during Napoleonic Wars",
        "Grew deeply unpopular and son Ferdinand attempted a failed coup",
        "Popular revolt forced Charles to abdicate in favor of Ferdinand"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Napoleonic Wars, 1803-15\n"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Italy, Maria Luisa, Wife, img/italy/maria_luisa.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1808.jpg"
    },
    "Ferdinand VII": {
      "name": "Ferdinand VII",
      "image": "img/spain/ferdinand_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1808,
      "end": 1808,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Ascended throne during popular revolt against father Charles IV",
        "Turned to Napoleon for support, who then imprisoned him in France"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1808.jpg"
    },
    "Joseph Bonaparte": {
      "name": "Joseph Bonaparte",
      "image": "img/spain/joseph_bonaparte.jpg",
      "house": "Bonaparte",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bonaparte.png",
      "start": 1808,
      "end": 1813,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Ascended throne after being King of Naples and Sicily",
        "Unpopularly seen as secular, a foreigner, and a Freemason",
        "Returned to France after the defeat of Napoleon's forces"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Napoleonic Wars, 1803-15\n"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1812.jpg"
    },
    "Ferdinand VII ": {
      "name": "Ferdinand VII ",
      "image": "img/spain/ferdinand_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1813,
      "end": 1833,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 48",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Re-installed by Bonaparte through the Treaty of Valençay",
        "Napoleonic-era Congress of 1812 pressed for constitutional monarchy",
        "Captured by partisans but freed by French Bourbon intervention"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Mexican War of Independence"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1833.jpg"
    },
    "Isabella II": {
      "name": "Isabella II",
      "image": "img/spain/isabella_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1833,
      "end": 1868,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Contested by Carlists who refused to recognize a female heir",
        "Replaced during Glorious Revolution with son of Italian king",
        "Would-be Prussian heir caused France to declare war on Prussia"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Carlist Wars, 1833-49",
        "Hispano-Moroccan War, 1859",
        "Chincha Islands War, 1864-6"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Two Sicilies, Francis I, Grandfather, img/italy/francis_i.jpg",
        "Spain, Francisco de Paula, Uncle and father-in-law, img/spain/francisco_de_paula.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1833.jpg"
    },
    "Amadeo I": {
      "name": "Amadeo I",
      "image": "img/spain/amadeo.jpg",
      "house": "Savoy",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/savoy.png",
      "start": 1870,
      "end": 1873,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Installed by military council, then contested by the Carlists",
        "With no popular support, abdicated after assassination attempt",
        "After abdication, Spain was proclaimed the First Spanish Republic"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Third Carlist War, 1872-6"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Italy, Victor Emmanuel II, Father, img/italy/victor_emmanuel_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1833.jpg"
    },
    "Alfonso XII": {
      "name": "Alfonso XII",
      "image": "img/spain/alfonso_xii.png",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1874,
      "end": 1885,
      "endReason": "Tuberculosis, 27",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Returned from exile following a military coup against the Republic",
        "Defeated the Carlist pretender Charles V, ending the Carlist revolts"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Third Carlist War, 1872-6"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Two Sicilies, Don Carlos, Son-in-law, img/italy/carlos_two_sicilies.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1833.jpg"
    },
    "Alfonso XIII": {
      "name": "Alfonso XIII",
      "image": "img/spain/alfonso_xiii.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1886,
      "end": 1931,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Born posthumously to Alfonso XII; regency held by mother",
        "Lost rule over Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines",
        "Abdicated after municipal elections signaled the end of monarchy"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Rif War, Morocco, 1920-7",
        "Spanish-American War, 1898"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Austria, Maria Christina, Mother, img/austria/maria_christina.jpg",
        "England, Victoria Eugenie, Wife, img/spain/victoria_eugenia.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1930.jpg"
    },
    "Francisco Franco": {
      "name": "Francisco Franco",
      "image": "img/spain/franco.jpg",
      "house": "Franco",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/franco.png",
      "start": 1936,
      "end": 1975,
      "endReason": "Coma, 82",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Decorated military general in the years before the Second Republic",
        "Led the far-right forces to victory in the Spanish Civil War",
        "A repressive fascist, styled himself Caudillo & re-established monarchy",
        "Following economic boom, Spanish Miracle, began to support liberalization",
        "Without heir, named conservative grandson of Alfonso XIII his successor"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Spanish Civil War, 1936-9",
        "Ifni War, Morocco, 1957-8"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1833.jpg"
    },
    "Juan Carlos I": {
      "name": "Juan Carlos I",
      "image": "img/spain/juan_carlos.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1975,
      "end": 2014,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Dismantled Francoist regime, creating democracy and constitution",
        "Reconfirmed support for democracy after foiling Francoist coup",
        "Following a series of family scandals, abdicated in favor of his son"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Greece, Sofia, Wife, img/greece/sofia.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1833.jpg"
    },
    "Felipe VI": {
      "name": "Felipe VI",
      "image": "img/spain/felipe_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 2014,
      "end": 2019,
      "endReason": " ",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/spain/1833.jpg"
    }
  },
  "France": {
    "Pepin the Short": {
      "name": "Pepin the Short",
      "image": "img/france/pepin_the_short.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 751,
      "end": 768,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 54",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Pushed out powerless Merovingian king with blessing of Pope",
        "Donated Lombardi land to the pope, establishing Papal States",
        "Annointed Patrician of the Romans by Pope Stephen II"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Lombards, 751",
        "Islamic Umayaads, 752-9",
        "Aquitaine, 760-7"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/768.jpg"
    },
    "Carloman I": {
      "name": "Carloman I",
      "image": "img/france/carloman_i.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 768,
      "end": 771,
      "endReason": "Nosebleed, 20",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Received the eastern part of Pepin's lands",
        "Competed against Charlemagne for complete control of territory",
        "After death, Charlemagne annexed his territory as sole ruler"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/768.jpg"
    },
    "Charlemagne": {
      "name": "Charlemagne",
      "image": "img/france/charlemagne.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 768,
      "end": 814,
      "endReason": "Pleurisy, 65",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Conquered and Christianized the Saxons and Frisians",
        "Invaded Italy on appeal from Pope, assuming Lombard crown",
        "Crowned Emperor of the Romans for securing Christian borders"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Lombards, 772-774",
        "Umayaad Caliphate, 785-811",
        "Saxon Wars, 772-804"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Lombards, Desiderius, Father-in-law, img/italy/desiderius.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/814.jpg"
    },
    "Louis the Pious": {
      "name": "Louis the Pious",
      "image": "img/france/louis_the_pious.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 814,
      "end": 840,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 61",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "As king of Aquitaine, served as co-emperor with his father",
        "Attempted to keep empire together and repeal debauchery",
        "Upon his death, civil war broke out and empire split three ways"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Umayaad Caliphate, 801"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Bavaria, Welf, Father-in-law, img/hre/welf_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/840.jpg"
    },
    "Charles the Bald": {
      "name": "Charles the Bald",
      "image": "img/france/charles_the_bald.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 843,
      "end": 877,
      "endReason": "Illness, 54",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Received western part of father's empire inTreaty of Verdun",
        "Lost Brittany but won the Aquitaine and western Lorraine",
        "Crowned Emperor of the Romans after death of nephew Louis II"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Carolingian Civil War, 840-3"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/877.jpg"
    },
    "Louis II": {
      "name": "Louis II",
      "image": "img/france/louis_the_stammerer.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 877,
      "end": 879,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 32",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Declined the crown of Emperor of the Romans",
        "Agreed to truce with ruler of East Francia, Louis the Younger",
        "After death, land divided between sons Carloman II and Louis III"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Louis III": {
      "name": "Louis III",
      "image": "img/france/louis_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 879,
      "end": 882,
      "endReason": "Injury, 18",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Received Neustria and Francia from father Louis II",
        "With brother Carloman II, repelled Scandinavian invaders",
        "Ceded western Lotharingia to Louis the Younger of East Francia"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Carloman II": {
      "name": "Carloman II",
      "image": "img/france/carloman_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 879,
      "end": 884,
      "endReason": "Hunting, 18",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Received Burgundy & Aquitaine from father Louis II",
        "Tried unsuccessfully to defeat usurper of Provence, Boso"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Charles the Fat": {
      "name": "Charles the Fat",
      "image": "img/france/charles_the_fat.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 884,
      "end": 888,
      "endReason": "Illness, 48",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Received East Francia after death of brother, Louis the Younger",
        "Received West Francia after deaths of Louis and Carloman",
        "Seen as incompetent, deposed in East Francia by Arnulf"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Odo": {
      "name": "Odo",
      "image": "img/france/odo.png",
      "house": "Robertian",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 888,
      "end": 898,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 41",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "As Count of Paris, successfully defended against viking raiders",
        "Elected King of the Franks after deposition of Charles the Fat",
        "First king who was not of Merovingian or Carolingian blood"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Charles III": {
      "name": "Charles III",
      "image": "img/france/charles_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 898,
      "end": 922,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Ceded Normandy to Vikings in return for conversion and fealty",
        "Received Lotharingia after death of Louis the Child",
        "Killed usurper Robert but taken prisoner by Robert's son-in-law"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Robert I": {
      "name": "Robert I",
      "image": "img/france/robert_i.jpg",
      "house": "Robertian",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 922,
      "end": 923,
      "endReason": "Battle, 57",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Younger brother to Odo, defeated Northmen at Chartres",
        "Elected king with support of dissident nobles and East Francia",
        "Victorious at Battle of Soissons but killed in the battle"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Rudolph": {
      "name": "Rudolph",
      "image": "img/france/rudolph.jpg",
      "house": "Bosonid",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 923,
      "end": 936,
      "endReason": "Illness, 45",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Son-in-law of Robert I, who was killed overthrowing Charles III",
        "Made peace with Normans, granting them the Channel Islands",
        "Lost Lorraine to Henry I and Laon to Herbert, captor of Charles"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "East Francia, 923",
        "Normandy, 924"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Louis IV": {
      "name": "Louis IV",
      "image": "img/france/louis_iv.png",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 936,
      "end": 954,
      "endReason": "Injury, 33",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Spent his reign stuggling against vassal, Hugh the Great",
        "Defended against invasion by Hugh who had support of Otto I",
        "Captured and imprisoned by Hugh, who was excommunicated"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "East Francia, 939-940",
        "Normandy, 945"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Edward the Elder, Grandfather, img/england/edward_the_elder.jpg",
        "Germany, Otto I, Brother-in-law, img/hre/otto_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Lothair III": {
      "name": "Lothair III",
      "image": "img/france/lothair_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 954,
      "end": 986,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 44",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Broke German alliance and spent reign fighting over Lorraine",
        "Attempted to capture Otto II's family, prompting German Invasion",
        "Defended with help of Hugh Capet, grandson of Hugh the Great"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, 978-980"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Saxony, Gerberga, Mother, img/hre/gerberga.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Otto I, Uncle, img/hre/otto_i.jpg",
        "Italy, Emma, Wife, img/italy/emma.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Louis V": {
      "name": "Louis V",
      "image": "img/france/louis_v.jpg",
      "house": "Carolingian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/carolingian.png",
      "start": 986,
      "end": 987,
      "endReason": "Hunting, 20",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Married widow of Aquitaine but lost it and failed to retake it",
        "Unpopular uncle, Charles, passed over in favor of Hugh Capet",
        "Last Carolingian King of Francia"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Hugh Capet": {
      "name": "Hugh Capet",
      "image": "img/france/hugh_capet.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 987,
      "end": 996,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 56",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "First of a direct line of 15 Capetian kings of France",
        "Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I",
        "Faced internal struggles, but son acceeded without difficulty"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Otto I, Uncle, img/hre/otto_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Robert II": {
      "name": "Robert II",
      "image": "img/france/robert_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 996,
      "end": 1031,
      "endReason": "Battle, 59",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Brought Burgundy back under Frankish control for brief period",
        "Pressed claim to fiefs as they became vacant, consolidating hold"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Burgundy, 1003-1016"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Italy, Rozala, Wife, img/italy/rozala.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Henry I": {
      "name": "Henry I",
      "image": "img/france/henry_i.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1031,
      "end": 1060,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 52",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Favored then fought William the Conquerer, Duke of Normandy",
        "Signed decree of friendship with Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor",
        "Civil war fought with younger brother, who was given Burgundy"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Normandy, 1054-1057"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, William the Conquerer, Nephew, img/england/william_the_conquerer.png",
        "Russia, Yaroslav the Wise, Father-in-law, img/russia/yaroslav.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/879.jpg"
    },
    "Philip I": {
      "name": "Philip I",
      "image": "img/france/philip_i.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1060,
      "end": 1108,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 56",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Supported Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, against England",
        "Drawn into conflict with papacy for selling ecclesiastical positions",
        "Added the Vexin and Bourges to Frankish rule"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "England, 1077"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Flanders, Bertha, Wife, img/france/bertha.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1108.jpg"
    },
    "Louis VI": {
      "name": "Louis VI",
      "image": "img/france/louis_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1108,
      "end": 1137,
      "endReason": "Dysentary, 55",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Contested the Vexin against Henry I of England",
        "Repelled German invasion, who marched under French banner",
        "Added Aquitaine to Francia by marrying Eleanor to his son"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "England, 1109-1120"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1137.jpg"
    },
    "Louis VII": {
      "name": "Louis VII",
      "image": "img/france/louis_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1137,
      "end": 1180,
      "endReason": "Illness, 59",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Marriage to Eleanor annulled, losing Aquitaine to England",
        "Fought Henry II, Duke of Normandy and later King of England",
        "Supported English Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Aquitaine, Eleanor, Wife, img/france/eleanor.jpg",
        "Castille, Constance, Wife, img/spain/constance.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1180.jpg"
    },
    "Philip II": {
      "name": "Philip II",
      "image": "img/france/philip_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1180,
      "end": 1223,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 57",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Participated in Third Crusade with Richard I of England",
        "Reclaimed French land from Angevin Empire of John I",
        "Left France rich, paving the way for greatness in 13th century"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Anglo-French War, 1202-1214",
        "Albisengian Crusade, 1209-"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Denmark, Ingeborg, Wife, img/denmark/ingeborg.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1223.jpg"
    },
    "Louis VIII": {
      "name": "Louis VIII",
      "image": "img/france/louis_viii.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1223,
      "end": 1226,
      "endReason": "Dysentary, 39",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Offered English throne by rebellious English barons",
        "Recaptured fortress of Avignon from Albigensian heretics",
        "Developed concept of fealty sworn to throne, not the individual"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Albisengian Crusade, 1223-"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Castille, Blanche, Wife, img/spain/blanche.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1226.jpg"
    },
    "Louis IX": {
      "name": "Louis IX",
      "image": "img/france/louis_ix.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1226,
      "end": 1270,
      "endReason": "Dysentary, 56",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Prevented English Henry III from reclaiming Angevin land",
        "Created provosts, bailiffs, and presumption of innocence",
        "Captured and ransomed during Seventh Crusade"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Saintonge War, England, 1242"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1270.jpg"
    },
    "Philip III": {
      "name": "Philip III",
      "image": "img/france/philip_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1270,
      "end": 1285,
      "endReason": "Dysentary, 40",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Annexed Toulouse to the French crown",
        "Married son to heiress of Navarre, Champagne, and Brie",
        "Fought the Aragonese, who opposed Angevin rule of Sicily"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Sicilian Vespers, 1282"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Sicily, Charles I, Uncle, img/italy/charles_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1285.jpg"
    },
    "Philip IV": {
      "name": "Philip IV",
      "image": "img/france/philip_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1285,
      "end": 1314,
      "endReason": "Stroke, 46",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Fought England over Gascony and later Flanders for treachery",
        "Clement V, a Gascon, moved papacy from Rome to Avignon",
        "Attempted to have brother and son elected Holy Roman Emperor"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Franco-Flemish War, 1297-1305"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Navarre, Joan, Wife, img/spain/joan_navarre.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1314.jpg"
    },
    "Louis X": {
      "name": "Louis X",
      "image": "img/france/louis_x.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1314,
      "end": 1316,
      "endReason": "Pneumonia, 26",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Married daughter of Burgundy, who he imprisoned for adultery",
        "Allowed serfs to buy freedom, beginning the end of serfdom",
        "Attempted to raise money through charters to fund Flemish war"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1314.jpg"
    },
    "John I": {
      "name": "John I",
      "image": "img/france/john_i.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1316,
      "end": 1316,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 5 days",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Born posthumously to Louis X",
        "Died 5 days after birth, with throne going to uncle Philip V"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1314.jpg"
    },
    "Philip V": {
      "name": "Philip V",
      "image": "img/france/philip_v.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1316,
      "end": 1322,
      "endReason": "Dysentary, 29",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Succession of Philip, over neice, set precedent for Salic law",
        "Created independent Court of Finances and single currency",
        "Created standardization of weights and measures"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1322.jpg"
    },
    "Charles IV": {
      "name": "Charles IV",
      "image": "img/france/charles_iv_and_i.jpg",
      "house": "Capet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/capet.png",
      "start": 1322,
      "end": 1328,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 33",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Invaded the Aquitaine, held by his vassal Edward II of England",
        "Failed in bid for German throne and acquisition of Flanders",
        "Died without heir, ending Capetian line, succeeded by cousin"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of Saint-Sardos, 1324"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Edward II, Brother-in-law, img/england/edward_ii.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Henry VII, Father-in-law, img/hre/henry_vii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1322.jpg"
    },
    "Philip VI": {
      "name": "Philip VI",
      "image": "img/france/philip_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Valois",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1328,
      "end": 1350,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 56",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Gave Artois to his kin, fomenting discontent among his nobles",
        "Resentment carried to Edward III, who had a claim to throne",
        "Purchased Dauphiné but left France divided by war and plague"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Edward III, Nephew, img/england/edward_iii.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1350.jpg"
    },
    "John II": {
      "name": "John II",
      "image": "img/france/john_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Valois",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1350,
      "end": 1364,
      "endReason": "Illness, 44",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Inherited English war, breaking a truce and then losing terribly",
        "Defeated and taken prisoner at Poitiers by The Black Prince",
        "Released for hostages, returned to England when one escaped"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Bonne, Wife, img/hre/bonne_of_luxembourg.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1364.jpg"
    },
    "Charles V": {
      "name": "Charles V",
      "image": "img/france/charles_v.jpg",
      "house": "Valois",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1364,
      "end": 1380,
      "endReason": "Infection, 42",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Treaty of Calais had granted southwestern France to Edward III",
        "Recaptured all ceded territories and dispossesed King of Navarre",
        "Support of Clement VII led to the great schism of the papacy"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1379.jpg"
    },
    "Charles VI": {
      "name": "Charles VI",
      "image": "img/france/charles_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Valois",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1380,
      "end": 1422,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 53",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Attempted to install Avignon antipope Clement VII in Rome",
        "Went mad, after which Burgundy and Orleans vied for power",
        "After defeat at Agincourt, named Henry V of England his heir"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453",
        "Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Isabeau, Wife, img/hre/isabeau_bavaria.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1422.jpg"
    },
    "Charles VII": {
      "name": "Charles VII",
      "image": "img/france/charles_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Valois",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1422,
      "end": 1461,
      "endReason": "Infection, 58",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Disinherited by father in favor of Henry V of England",
        "Reclaimed Paris and northern France with help of Joan of Arc",
        "Ended the civil war between houses of Valois and Orleans"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453",
        "Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1461.jpg"
    },
    "Louis XI": {
      "name": "Louis XI",
      "image": "img/france/louis_xi.jpg",
      "house": "Valois",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1461,
      "end": 1483,
      "endReason": "Arteriosclerosis, 60",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Faced an alliance of Burgundy, Brittany, and England",
        "Dismantled alliance, finally killing Duke of Burgundy in battle",
        "Ended reign with Burgundy, Picardy, Boulonnais, and Artois"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Praguerie, France, 1440"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Italy, Charlotte of Savoy, Wife, img/italy/charlotte_savoy.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1483.jpg"
    },
    "Charles VIII": {
      "name": "Charles VIII",
      "image": "img/france/charles_viii.jpg",
      "house": "Valois",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1483,
      "end": 1498,
      "endReason": "Injury, 27",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Married Anne of Brittany to prevent encirclement by Habsburgs",
        "Forfeited Artois and Franche-Comté acquired through Margaret",
        "Pressed claim on Angevin Naples, triggering Italian Wars"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Mad War, France, 1485-8",
        "Italian Wars, Italy, 1494-8"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Margaret of Austria, Betrothed, img/hre/margaret_of_austria.jpg",
        "Brittany, Anne, Wife, img/france/anne_of_brittany.jpg",
        "Naples, Marie of Anjou, Grandmother, img/italy/marie_of_anjou.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1483.jpg"
    },
    "Louis XII": {
      "name": "Louis XII",
      "image": "img/france/louis_xii.jpg",
      "house": "Valois-Orleans",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1498,
      "end": 1515,
      "endReason": "Gout, 52",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Duke of Orleans, second-cousin and brother-in-law to king",
        "Conquered Milan but lost Naples to Ferdinand II of Aragon",
        "Defeated in Milan & Artois by Swiss and Burgundy by Henry VIII"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Second Italian War, 1499-1504",
        "Third Italian War, 1508-16"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Brittany, Anne, Wife, img/france/anne_of_brittany.jpg",
        "England, Mary Tudor, Wife, img/england/mary_tudor.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1483.jpg"
    },
    "Francis I": {
      "name": "Francis I",
      "image": "img/france/francis_i.jpg",
      "house": "Valois-Angouleme",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1515,
      "end": 1547,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 52",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Cousin and son-in-law to Louis XII, first of Angoulême branch",
        "Defeated Milan; with riches, copied an Italian renaissance court",
        "Imprisoned by Emperor Charles V, gave up Italy for his release"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Italian Wars, Venice, 1508-16"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Scotland, James V, Son-in-law, img/scotland/james_v.jpg",
        "Italy, Duke of Savoy, Son-in-law, img/italy/emmanuel_of_savoy.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1547.jpg"
    },
    "Henry II": {
      "name": "Henry II",
      "image": "img/france/henry_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Valois-Angouleme",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1547,
      "end": 1559,
      "endReason": "Jousting, 40",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Developed a court system between local justices and high court",
        "Supported German Protestants against Emperor Charles V",
        "Systematically persecuted French Protestants"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Italian Wars, 1551-9"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Florence, Catherine de' Medici, Wife, img/italy/catherine_de_medici.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1547.jpg"
    },
    "Francis II": {
      "name": "Francis II",
      "image": "img/france/francis_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Valois-Angouleme",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1559,
      "end": 1560,
      "endReason": "Ear condition, 16",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Used by the Guises, wife's uncle, to quell the Huguenot forces",
        "Faced capture by Huguenot Bourbons to end Guise influence",
        "Forced to sign Treaty of Edinburgh: end of Scottish influence"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "French Wars of Religion, 1562-98"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Scotland, Mary Queen of Scots, Wife, img/scotland/mary.jpg",
        "Florence, Catherine de' Medici, Mother, img/italy/catherine_de_medici.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1560.jpg"
    },
    "Charles IX": {
      "name": "Charles IX",
      "image": "img/france/charles_ix.jpg",
      "house": "Valois-Angouleme",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1560,
      "end": 1574,
      "endReason": "Tuberculosis, 23",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Planned intervention on behalf of Protestants against Spain",
        "Remained under influence of mother, Catherine de Medicis",
        "On her advice, allowed a massacre of 3,000 Protestants in Paris"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "French Wars of Religion, 1562-98"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Florence, Catherine de' Medici, Mother, img/italy/catherine_de_medici.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Maximilian II, Father-in-law, img/hre/maximillian_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1560.jpg"
    },
    "Henry III": {
      "name": "Henry III",
      "image": "img/france/henry_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Valois-Angouleme",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/valois.png",
      "start": 1574,
      "end": 1589,
      "endReason": "Assassinated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Placed on Polish throne by mother, resigned when brother died",
        "Holy League formed against Huguenot successor, Henry IV",
        "Forced by League, which had rebelled, into alliance with Henry"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "French Wars of Religion, 1562-98",
        "War of the Three Henrys, 1587-9"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1560.jpg"
    },
    "Henry IV": {
      "name": "Henry IV",
      "image": "img/france/henry_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1589,
      "end": 1610,
      "endReason": "Assassinated",
      "religion": "Protestant, then Catholic",
      "events": [
        "First Bourbon, leader of Huguenot forces as King of Navarre",
        "Huguenots massacred on the day of his appeasement marriage",
        "Fought Holy League but converted to claim and unify the throne"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "French Wars of Religion, 1562-98",
        "Franco-Spanish War, 1595-8",
        "Franco-Savoyard War, 1600-1"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Florence, Marie de Medici, Wife, img/italy/marie_de_medici.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1560.jpg"
    },
    "Louis XIII": {
      "name": "Louis XIII",
      "image": "img/france/louis_xiii.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1610,
      "end": 1643,
      "endReason": "Tuberculosis, 41",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "While wars of religion had ended, still faced Huguenot rebellions",
        "Invading Italy, France entered Thirty Years War against Spain",
        "Defeated Spain, establishing France as a global superpower"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Thirty Years' War, 1635-48"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Spain, Anne of Austria, Wife, img/spain/anne_of_austria.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1643.jpg"
    },
    "Louis XIV": {
      "name": "Louis XIV",
      "image": "img/france/louis_xiv.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1643,
      "end": 1715,
      "endReason": "Gangrene, 76",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Extended eastern borders at the expense of Austrian Habsburgs",
        "Defeated hostile Spanish coalition to secure throne for grandson",
        "Known as the Sun King, led a revival of culture and grandeur"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Franco-Dutch War, 1672-8",
        "Nine Years' War, 1688-97",
        "War of the Spanish Succession"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Spain, Maria Theresa, Wife, img/spain/maria_theresa.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1715.jpg"
    },
    "Louis XV": {
      "name": "Louis XV",
      "image": "img/france/louis_xv.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1715,
      "end": 1774,
      "endReason": "Smallpox, 64",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Lost all colonial possessions in Americans and India to British",
        "Gained nothing from Austria or Russia during partition of Poland",
        "Through ineffective wars, set the stage for the French Revolution"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of Polish Succession, 1733",
        "War of Austrian Succession, 1740",
        "Seven Years' War, 1756-1763"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Poland, Stanislaw I, Father-in-law, img/poland/stanislaw.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1715.jpg"
    },
    "Louis XVI": {
      "name": "Louis XVI",
      "image": "img/france/louis_xvi.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1774,
      "end": 1792,
      "endReason": "Executed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Financed American revolution, leaving country deeply in debt",
        "Forced to accept National Assembly and constitutional monarchy",
        "Soliciting intervention, convicted of treason by French Republic"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "American Revolution, 1776-1783",
        "French Revolution, 1789-1792"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Maria Josepha of Saxony, Mother, img/hre/maria_josepha.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Marie Antoinette, Wife, img/hre/marie_antoinette.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1792.jpg"
    },
    "Napoleon I": {
      "name": "Napoleon I",
      "image": "img/france/napoleon_i.jpg",
      "house": "Bonaparte",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bonaparte.png",
      "start": 1804,
      "end": 1814,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Deist",
      "events": [
        "Rose from soldier to general to consul to emperor over 11 years",
        "Defeated series of coalitions, collapsing the Holy Roman Empire",
        "Lost army invading Russia, turning tide and was exiled to Elba"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "French Revolution, 1787-92",
        "Napoleonic Wars, 1803-15"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Spain, Joseph Bonaparte, Brother, img/spain/joseph_bonaparte.jpg",
        "Austria, Francis I, Father-in-law, img/hre/francis_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1812.jpg"
    },
    "Louis XVIII": {
      "name": "Louis XVIII",
      "image": "img/france/louis_xviii.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1814,
      "end": 1815,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Exiled in revolution, wandered Europe promoting royalist cause",
        "As Napoleon fell, promised to honor the republic's reforms",
        "Restored by Talleyrand, coalition, and war-weary Parisians"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Savoy, Marie Josephine, Wife, img/italy/marie_josephine.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1815.jpg"
    },
    "Napoleon I ": {
      "name": "Napoleon I ",
      "image": "img/france/napoleon_i.jpg",
      "house": "Bonaparte",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bonaparte.png",
      "start": 1815,
      "end": 1815,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Deist",
      "events": [
        "Frustrated by Bourbon Restoration and Congress of Vienna",
        "Escaped, gathered forces, and marched on Paris to applause",
        "Defeated at Waterloo by coalition and banished to St. Helena"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the 7th Coalition, 1815"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Spain, Joseph Bonaparte, Brother, img/spain/joseph_bonaparte.jpg",
        "Austria, Francis I, Father-in-law, img/hre/francis_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1815.jpg"
    },
    "Louis XVIII ": {
      "name": "Louis XVIII ",
      "image": "img/france/louis_xviii.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1815,
      "end": 1824,
      "endReason": "Gout, 68",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Fled during the Hundred Day's War, returning after Waterloo",
        "Gave Parliament control over laws and budget with his approval",
        "Resisted the ultraroyalists in favor of healing the country"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Savoy, Marie Josephine, Wife, img/italy/marie_josephine.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1815.jpg"
    },
    "Charles X": {
      "name": "Charles X",
      "image": "img/france/charles_x.jpg",
      "house": "Bourbon",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bourbon.png",
      "start": 1824,
      "end": 1830,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Reimposed death penaly for sacrilege during first government",
        "In second government, supported ultraroyalist clericalists",
        "Deposed, naming grandson heir and Louis-Philippe general"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "French conquest of Algeria, 1830"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Savoy, Marie Theresa, Wife, img/italy/marie_therese.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1815.jpg"
    },
    "Louis Philippe I": {
      "name": "Louis Philippe I",
      "image": "img/france/louis_philippe.jpg",
      "house": "Orleans",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/orleans.png",
      "start": 1830,
      "end": 1848,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Popular with republicans and Bonaparists, given a vacant throne",
        "Seen as a citizen king, favored the bourgeoisie over aristocracy",
        "Refusing any election reform, deposed in 1848 wave of socialism"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Belgians, Leopold I, Son-in-law, img/belgians/leopold_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1848.jpg"
    },
    "Napoleon III": {
      "name": "Napoleon III",
      "image": "img/france/napoleon_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Bonaparte",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bonaparte.png",
      "start": 1852,
      "end": 1870,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Elected President of Second Republic after Revolution of 1848",
        "Declared himself Emperor under the Second French Empire",
        "Deposed after defeat in the Franco-Prussian War"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Crimean War, Russia, 1853-6",
        "Franco-Prussian War, 1870"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/france/1870.jpg"
    }
  },
  "Denmark": {
    "Gorm": {
      "name": "Gorm",
      "image": "img/denmark/gorm.jpg",
      "house": "Gorm",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 936,
      "end": 958,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "Norse paganism",
      "events": [
        "Son of the semi-legendary Danish king Harthacnut",
        "Completed the Danevirke, a wall separating the southern Saxons"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Harald Bluetooth": {
      "name": "Harald Bluetooth",
      "image": "img/denmark/harald_bluetooth.jpg",
      "house": "Gorm",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 958,
      "end": 986,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [
        "First ruler of a united Denmark: Jutland and Zealand",
        "Introduced Christianity to Denmark"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Sweyn Forkbeard": {
      "name": "Sweyn Forkbeard",
      "image": "img/denmark/sweyn_forkbeard.jpg",
      "house": "Denmark",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 986,
      "end": 1014,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Harald II": {
      "name": "Harald II",
      "image": "img/denmark/harald_ii.jpg",
      "house": "",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1014,
      "end": 1018,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Cnut the Great": {
      "name": "Cnut the Great",
      "image": "img/denmark/cnut_the_great.jpg",
      "house": "Denmark",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1016,
      "end": 1035,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Magnus": {
      "name": "Magnus",
      "image": "img/denmark/magnus.jpg",
      "house": "St. Olaf",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1035,
      "end": 1047,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Sweyn II": {
      "name": "Sweyn II",
      "image": "img/denmark/sweyn_ii.jpeg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1047,
      "end": 1076,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Harald III": {
      "name": "Harald III",
      "image": "img/denmark/harald_iii.png",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1076,
      "end": 1080,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Canute IV": {
      "name": "Canute IV",
      "image": "img/denmark/canute_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1080,
      "end": 1086,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Olaf I": {
      "name": "Olaf I",
      "image": "img/denmark/olaf_i.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1086,
      "end": 1095,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Eric I": {
      "name": "Eric I",
      "image": "img/denmark/eric_i.png",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1095,
      "end": 1103,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Neils": {
      "name": "Neils",
      "image": "img/denmark/niels.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1104,
      "end": 1134,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Eric II": {
      "name": "Eric II",
      "image": "img/denmark/eric_ii.JPG",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1134,
      "end": 1137,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Eric III": {
      "name": "Eric III",
      "image": "img/denmark/eric_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1137,
      "end": 1146,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Sweyn III": {
      "name": "Sweyn III",
      "image": "img/denmark/sweyn_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1146,
      "end": 1157,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Valdemar I": {
      "name": "Valdemar I",
      "image": "img/denmark/valdemar_i.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1154,
      "end": 1182,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Canute VI": {
      "name": "Canute VI",
      "image": "img/denmark/canute_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1182,
      "end": 1202,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Valdemar II": {
      "name": "Valdemar II",
      "image": "img/denmark/valdemar_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1202,
      "end": 1241,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Eric IV": {
      "name": "Eric IV",
      "image": "img/denmark/eric_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1232,
      "end": 1250,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Abel": {
      "name": "Abel",
      "image": "img/denmark/abel.jpeg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1250,
      "end": 1252,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christopher I": {
      "name": "Christopher I",
      "image": "img/denmark/christopher_i.JPG",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1252,
      "end": 1259,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Eric V": {
      "name": "Eric V",
      "image": "img/denmark/eric_v.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1259,
      "end": 1286,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
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      "relationships": []
    },
    "Eric VI": {
      "name": "Eric VI",
      "image": "img/denmark/eric_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1286,
      "end": 1319,
      "endReason": "",
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    },
    "Christopher II": {
      "name": "Christopher II",
      "image": "img/denmark/christopher_ii.JPG",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1320,
      "end": 1326,
      "endReason": "",
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      "events": [],
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      "relationships": []
    },
    "Valdemar III": {
      "name": "Valdemar III",
      "image": "img/denmark/valdemar_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1326,
      "end": 1330,
      "endReason": "",
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      "events": [],
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    },
    "Christopher II (2nd)": {
      "name": "Christopher II (2nd)",
      "image": "img/denmark/christopher_ii.JPG",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1329,
      "end": 1332,
      "endReason": "",
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    },
    "Valdemar IV": {
      "name": "Valdemar IV",
      "image": "img/denmark/valdemar_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1340,
      "end": 1375,
      "endReason": "",
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    },
    "Olaf II and IV": {
      "name": "Olaf II and IV",
      "image": "img/denmark/olaf_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1376,
      "end": 1387,
      "endReason": "",
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      "events": [],
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      "relationships": []
    },
    "Margaret I": {
      "name": "Margaret I",
      "image": "img/denmark/margaret_i.png",
      "house": "Estridsen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/estridsen.png",
      "start": 1387,
      "end": 1412,
      "endReason": "",
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      "events": [],
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    },
    "Eric VII": {
      "name": "Eric VII",
      "image": "img/denmark/eric_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Griffins",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/griffin.png",
      "start": 1396,
      "end": 1439,
      "endReason": "",
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      "events": [],
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    },
    "Christopher III": {
      "name": "Christopher III",
      "image": "img/denmark/christopher_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Palantinate-Neumarkt",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1440,
      "end": 1448,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christian I": {
      "name": "Christian I",
      "image": "img/denmark/christian_i.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1448,
      "end": 1481,
      "endReason": "",
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      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "John": {
      "name": "John",
      "image": "img/denmark/john.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1481,
      "end": 1513,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christian II": {
      "name": "Christian II",
      "image": "img/denmark/christian_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1513,
      "end": 1523,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Frederick I": {
      "name": "Frederick I",
      "image": "img/denmark/frederick_i.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1523,
      "end": 1533,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christian III": {
      "name": "Christian III",
      "image": "img/denmark/christian_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1534,
      "end": 1559,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Frederick II": {
      "name": "Frederick II",
      "image": "img/denmark/frederick_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1559,
      "end": 1588,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christian IV": {
      "name": "Christian IV",
      "image": "img/denmark/christian_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1588,
      "end": 1648,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Frederick III": {
      "name": "Frederick III",
      "image": "img/denmark/frederick_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1648,
      "end": 1670,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christian V": {
      "name": "Christian V",
      "image": "img/denmark/christian_v.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1670,
      "end": 1699,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Frederick IV": {
      "name": "Frederick IV",
      "image": "img/denmark/frederick_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1699,
      "end": 1730,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christian VI": {
      "name": "Christian VI",
      "image": "img/denmark/christian_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1730,
      "end": 1746,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Frederick V": {
      "name": "Frederick V",
      "image": "img/denmark/frederick_v.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1746,
      "end": 1766,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christian VII": {
      "name": "Christian VII",
      "image": "img/denmark/christian_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1766,
      "end": 1808,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Frederick VI": {
      "name": "Frederick VI",
      "image": "img/denmark/frederick_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1808,
      "end": 1839,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christian VIII": {
      "name": "Christian VIII",
      "image": "img/denmark/christian_viii.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1839,
      "end": 1848,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Frederick VII": {
      "name": "Frederick VII",
      "image": "img/denmark/frederick_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Oldenburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/oldenburg.png",
      "start": 1848,
      "end": 1863,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christian IX": {
      "name": "Christian IX",
      "image": "img/denmark/christian_ix.jpg",
      "house": "Glucksburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/glucksburg.png",
      "start": 1863,
      "end": 1906,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Frederick VIII": {
      "name": "Frederick VIII",
      "image": "img/denmark/frederick_viii.jpg",
      "house": "Glucksburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/glucksburg.png",
      "start": 1906,
      "end": 1912,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Christian X": {
      "name": "Christian X",
      "image": "img/denmark/christian_x.jpg",
      "house": "Glucksburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/glucksburg.png",
      "start": 1912,
      "end": 1947,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Frederick IX": {
      "name": "Frederick IX",
      "image": "img/denmark/frederick_ix.jpg",
      "house": "Glucksburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/glucksburg.png",
      "start": 1947,
      "end": 1972,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    },
    "Margrethe II": {
      "name": "Margrethe II",
      "image": "img/denmark/margrethe_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Glucksburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/glucksburg.png",
      "start": 1972,
      "end": 2019,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "",
      "events": [],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": []
    }
  },
  "England": {
    "William I": {
      "name": "William I",
      "image": "img/england/william_the_conquerer.png",
      "house": "Normandy",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/normandy.png",
      "start": 1066,
      "end": 1087,
      "endReason": "Illness, 59",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "As Duke of Normandy, led the invading Norman forces",
        "Defeated King Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings",
        "Left England to William Rufus and Normandy to Robert Curthose"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Normal conquest of England, 1066",
        "Harrying of the North, 1068",
        "Revolt of the Earls, 1075"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Flanders, Baldwin V, Father-in-law, img/france/baldwin_v.jpg",
        "Brittany, Alan IV, Son-in-law, img/france/alan_iv.jpg",
        "Normandy, Robert Curthose, Brother, img/france/robert_curthose.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1087.jpg"
    },
    "William II": {
      "name": "William II",
      "image": "img/england/william_ii.png",
      "house": "Normandy",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/normandy.png",
      "start": 1087,
      "end": 1100,
      "endReason": "Assassinated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Faced a rebellion by barons who wanted a unified Norman rule",
        "Undermined authority of Church, exiling the Archbishop",
        "Killed Malcolm III, turning Scotland into an English vassal"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Rebellion of 1088",
        "Scotland, 1091-3",
        "Normandy, 1097-9"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Normandy, Robert Curthose, Brother, img/france/robert_curthose.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1100.jpg"
    },
    "Henry I": {
      "name": "Henry I",
      "image": "img/england/henry_i.png",
      "house": "Normandy",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/normandy.png",
      "start": 1100,
      "end": 1135,
      "endReason": "Illness, 66",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Fought brother, Duke of Normandy, for English succession",
        "Encouraged to invade Normandy, imprisoning brother for life",
        "After son drowned, recalled daughter Matilda to be his heir"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Normandy, 1106",
        "France, 1116-9"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Scotland, Matilda, Wife, img/scotland/matilda.JPG",
        "Anjou, Matilda, Daughter, img/france/mathilda.png",
        "Normandy, Robert Curthose, Brother, img/france/robert_curthose.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Henry V, Son-in-law, img/hre/henry_v.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1135.jpg"
    },
    "Stephen": {
      "name": "Stephen",
      "image": "img/england/stephen.jpg",
      "house": "Blois",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/blois.png",
      "start": 1135,
      "end": 1154,
      "endReason": "Illness, 57",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Favorite nephew of Henry I, disregarded claim by aunt Matilda",
        "Civil war, the Anarchy, began with the invasion of Matilda's army",
        "Settled the war by signing a treaty naming Matilda's son his heir"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Scotland, 1136",
        "The Anarchy, 1139-54"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Blois, Stephen, Father, img/france/stepan.jpg",
        "Boulogne, Matilda, Wife, img/france/matilda_boulogne.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1153.jpg"
    },
    "Henry II": {
      "name": "Henry II",
      "image": "img/england/henry_ii.png",
      "house": "Plantagenet/Angevin",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/plantagenet.png",
      "start": 1154,
      "end": 1189,
      "endReason": "Ulcer, 56",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Count of Anjou through father and Aquitaine through wife",
        "Unpopular for murder of Archbishop and support of antipope",
        "Restored order following Anarchy with new judicial system"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Great Revolt, 1173-4",
        "Invasion of Ireland, 1169-75"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Aquitaine, Eleanor, Wife, img/france/eleanor.jpg",
        "Sicily, Joan, Daughter, img/italy/joan.jpg",
        "Castille, Eleanor, Daughter, img/spain/eleanor.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1189.jpg"
    },
    "Richard I": {
      "name": "Richard I",
      "image": "img/england/richard_i.jpeg",
      "house": "Plantagenet/Angevin",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/plantagenet.png",
      "start": 1189,
      "end": 1199,
      "endReason": "Assassinated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Romanticized and made popular for exploits in Third Crusade",
        "Vied to appoint King of Jerusalem, perhaps killing a candidate",
        "Captured on return and ransomed in exchange for his kingdom"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Sicily, 1190",
        "Cyprus, 1191"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Navarre, Berengaria, Wife, img/france/berengaria.JPG"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1189.jpg"
    },
    "John": {
      "name": "John",
      "image": "img/england/john.png",
      "house": "Plantagenet/Angevin",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/plantagenet.png",
      "start": 1199,
      "end": 1216,
      "endReason": "Dysentary, 49",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Lost Normandy and all French holdings to French Philip II",
        "After a revolt of English barons, forced to seal the Magna Carta",
        "First king since Norman Conquest who could speak English"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Normandy Campaigns, 1202-4",
        "First Barons' War, 1215-7"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Germany, Richard, Son, img/hre/richard.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Isabella, Daughter, img/hre/isabella.jpg",
        "Scotland, Joan, Daughter, img/scotland/joan.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1216.jpg"
    },
    "Henry III": {
      "name": "Henry III",
      "image": "img/england/henry_iii.png",
      "house": "Plantagenet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/plantagenet.png",
      "start": 1216,
      "end": 1272,
      "endReason": "Illness, 65",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Inherited a country ruled by rebellious barons, loyal to France",
        "Financed papal wars in exchange for Sicilian crown for his son",
        "Forced into Provisions of Oxford, establishing privy council"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Second Barons' War, 1264-7",
        "France, 1230"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Aquitaine, Isabella, Mother, img/france/isabella.jpg",
        "Scotland, Margaret, Daughter, img/scotland/margaret_plantagenet.JPG",
        "Provence, Eleanor, Wife, img/france/eleanor_provence.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1272.jpg"
    },
    "Edward I": {
      "name": "Edward I",
      "image": "img/england/edward_i.png",
      "house": "Plantagenet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/plantagenet.png",
      "start": 1272,
      "end": 1307,
      "endReason": "Dysentary, 68",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Held parliaments and made it into a feature of English politics",
        "Killed Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, destroying autonomy of Wales",
        "Arbitrated in favor of John Balliol, but invaded after he rebelled"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Conquest of Wales, 1277-83",
        "Anglo-French War, 1294-1303"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Castille, Eleanor, Wife, img/spain/eleanor_castille.jpg",
        "France, Margaret, Wife, img/france/margaret.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1307.jpg"
    },
    "Edward II": {
      "name": "Edward II",
      "image": "img/england/edward_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Plantagenet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/plantagenet.png",
      "start": 1307,
      "end": 1327,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Ordinances of 1311 restricted power of king's appointments",
        "Defeated by Robert the Bruce at Battle of Bannockburn",
        "Favoritism caused wife to depose him and crown their son"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Despenser War, 1321-2",
        "War of Saint-Sardos, 1324"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Isabella, Wife, img/france/isabella_plantagenet.jpg",
        "Scotland, Joan, Daughter, img/scotland/joan_of_the_tower.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1327.jpg"
    },
    "Edward III": {
      "name": "Edward III",
      "image": "img/england/edward_iii.png",
      "house": "Plantagenet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/plantagenet.png",
      "start": 1327,
      "end": 1377,
      "endReason": "Stroke, 64",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Installed puppet, Edward Balliol, after death of Robert the Bruce",
        "Pressed claim to French throne, sparking Hundred Years' War",
        "During war, acquired Aquitaine but lost it and only kept Brittany"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453",
        "2nd War of Scottish Independence"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Brittany, Mary, Daughter, img/france/mary_plantagenet.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1377.jpg"
    },
    "Richard II": {
      "name": "Richard II",
      "image": "img/england/richard_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Plantagenet",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/plantagenet.png",
      "start": 1377,
      "end": 1399,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Succeeded grandfather after father, the Black Prince, died young",
        "Introduced unpopular tax to finance French war, leading to revolt",
        "Deposed by duke of Lancaster, whose inheritance Richard stole"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Peasant's Revolt, 1381",
        "Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Anne, Wife, img/hre/anne_plantagenet.jpg",
        "France, Isabella, Wife, img/france/isabella_valois.JPG"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1399.jpg"
    },
    "Henry IV": {
      "name": "Henry IV",
      "image": "img/england/henry_iv.png",
      "house": "Lancaster",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/lancaster.png",
      "start": 1399,
      "end": 1413,
      "endReason": "Disease, 45",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Returned from exile after Richard II stole his possessions",
        "Executed Archbishop of York and son of Duke of Norfolk",
        "Imprisoned James I of Scotland for entire reign"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Welsh rebellion, 1400",
        "Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Denmark, Philippa, Daughter, img/denmark/philippa.jpg",
        "Portugal, Philippa, Sister, img/portugal/philippa.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1399.jpg"
    },
    "Henry V": {
      "name": "Henry V",
      "image": "img/england/henry_v.jpg",
      "house": "Lancaster",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/lancaster.png",
      "start": 1413,
      "end": 1422,
      "endReason": "Dysentary, 35",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Defeated France at Agincourt, allowing conquest of Normandy",
        "Taking Rouen and allying with Burgundy, France surrendered",
        "The Treaty of Troyes made him heir to the French throne"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Catherine of Valois, Wife, img/france/catherine_valois.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1422.jpg"
    },
    "Henry VI": {
      "name": "Henry VI",
      "image": "img/england/henry_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Lancaster",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/lancaster.png",
      "start": 1422,
      "end": 1461,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Ascended as a minor, with power held by cousin Duke of York",
        "Captured by Yorkists, who demanded they name a York heir",
        "Routed at Yorkshire, fled to Scotland, captured, and imprisoned"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453",
        "Wars of the Roses, 1455-87"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Margaret of Anjou, Wife, img/france/margaret_anjou.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1461.jpg"
    },
    "Edward IV": {
      "name": "Edward IV",
      "image": "img/england/edward_iv.jpg",
      "house": "York",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/york.png",
      "start": 1461,
      "end": 1470,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Defeated the Lancastrians with help of cousin, Earl of Warwick",
        "Alienated Warwick and Yorkist nobles by marrying commoner",
        "Warwick invaded, Edward fled, and Henry Lancaster released"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Wars of the Roses, 1455-87"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Burgundy, Charles, Brother-in-law, img/france/charles_burgundy.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1461.jpg"
    },
    "Henry VI ": {
      "name": "Henry VI ",
      "image": "img/england/henry_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Lancaster",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/lancaster.png",
      "start": 1470,
      "end": 1471,
      "endReason": "Murdered",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Restored to the throne from the Tower of London",
        "Edward IV returned and defeated Margaret's forces",
        "Re-imprisoned and murdered shortly afterwards"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Wars of the Roses, 1455-87"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Margaret of Anjou, Wife, img/france/margaret_anjou.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1471.jpg"
    },
    "Edward IV ": {
      "name": "Edward IV ",
      "image": "img/england/edward_iv.jpg",
      "house": "York",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/york.png",
      "start": 1471,
      "end": 1483,
      "endReason": "Illness, 40",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Defeated the Lancaster forces, killing the heir at Tewkesbury",
        "Made peace with France in return for a generous pension",
        "Promiscuity led to brother Richard question the validity of sons"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Wars of the Roses, 1455-87",
        "France, 1475"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Burgundy, Charles, Brother-in-law, img/france/charles_burgundy.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1471.jpg"
    },
    "Edward V": {
      "name": "Edward V",
      "image": "img/england/edward_v.png",
      "house": "York",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/york.png",
      "start": 1483,
      "end": 1483,
      "endReason": "Murdered",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Along with brother Richard, two surviving sons of Edward IV",
        "Crowned at age 12 without regency, at insistence of Woodvilles",
        "Likely murdered in the Tower of London by uncle Richard"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Wars of the Roses, 1455-87"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1471.jpg"
    },
    "Richard III": {
      "name": "Richard III",
      "image": "img/england/richard_iii.jpg",
      "house": "York",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/york.png",
      "start": 1483,
      "end": 1485,
      "endReason": "Battle, 32",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Usurped power from nephew, Edward V, who 'disappeared'",
        "Woodvilles, family of slain nephew, rallied behind Henry Tudor",
        "Killed at Battle of Bosworth Field, ending the War of the Roses"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Wars of the Roses, 1455-87",
        "Buckingham's Rebellion, 1483"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1471.jpg"
    },
    "Henry VII": {
      "name": "Henry VII",
      "image": "img/england/henry_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Tudor",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/tudor.png",
      "start": 1485,
      "end": 1509,
      "endReason": "Tuberculosis, 52",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Went into exile after the defeat of the Lancastrian cause",
        "Married Elizabeth of York, but still faced Yorkish conspiracies",
        "Made peace with Spain and Scotland through careful marriages"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Spain, Catherine of Aragon, Daughter-in-law, img/spain/catherine_of_aragon.jpg",
        "Scotland, Margaret, Daughter, img/scotland/margaret_tudor.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1471.jpg"
    },
    "Henry VIII": {
      "name": "Henry VIII",
      "image": "img/england/henry_viii.jpg",
      "house": "Tudor",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/tudor.png",
      "start": 1509,
      "end": 1547,
      "endReason": "Obesity, 55",
      "religion": "Catholic/Protestant",
      "events": [
        "Presided over the beginnings of the English Reformation",
        "Unified England, Wales, and Ireland",
        "Married to Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, and many others"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Rough Wooing, 1543-51",
        "Italian Wars, 1544-46"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Spain, Catherine of Aragon, Wife,img/spain/catherine_of_aragon.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Charles V, Brother-in-law, img/hre/charles_v.jpg",
        "Scotland, Margaret, Sister, img/scotland/margaret_tudor.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1547.jpg"
    },
    "Edward VI": {
      "name": "Edward VI",
      "image": "img/england/edward_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Tudor",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/tudor.png",
      "start": 1547,
      "end": 1553,
      "endReason": "Tuberculosis, 15",
      "religion": "Protestant",
      "events": [
        "Devoted Protestant, ruled through regency of Earl of Warwick",
        "Excluded half-sisters Mary and Elizabeth from line of succession",
        "Convinced by Warwick to name cousin Jane Grey, a Protestant"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Prayer Book Rebellion, 1549"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Scotland, Mary, Betrothed, img/scotland/mary.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1547.jpg"
    },
    "Jane Grey": {
      "name": "Jane Grey",
      "image": "img/england/jane_grey.png",
      "house": "Grey",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/grey.png",
      "start": 1553,
      "end": 1553,
      "endReason": "Executed",
      "religion": "Protestant",
      "events": [
        "Maneuvered onto the throne by her uncle, Earl of Warwick",
        "Overthrown by Mary Tudor with support of the populace",
        "Imprisoned and pardoned, but executed after Wyatt's Rebellion"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1547.jpg"
    },
    "Mary I": {
      "name": "Mary I",
      "image": "img/england/mary_i.png",
      "house": "Tudor",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/tudor.png",
      "start": 1553,
      "end": 1558,
      "endReason": "Ovarian cancer, 42",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "The first queen to rule England in her own right",
        "Known as Bloody Mary for her persecutions of Protestants",
        "Defeated Wyatt's Rebellion, but died unpopular and childless"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Italian Wars, 1557-8"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Charles V, Engaged, img/hre/charles_v.jpg",
        "Spain, Philip, Husband, img/spain/philip_ii.jpg",
        "Spain, Catherine of Aragon, Mother, img/spain/catherine_of_aragon.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1558.jpg"
    },
    "Elizabeth I": {
      "name": "Elizabeth I",
      "image": "img/england/elizabeth_i.jpg",
      "house": "Tudor",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/tudor.png",
      "start": 1558,
      "end": 1603,
      "endReason": "Old age, 69",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Crafted political symbolism, establishing a cult of her virginity",
        "Executed Mary, Queen of Scots, to end Catholic cause",
        "Childless, named Protestant Scottish king James VI as her heir"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Anglo-Spanish War, 1585-1604",
        "Rising of the North, 1569",
        "Conquest of Ireland, 1594-1603"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1602.jpg"
    },
    "James I": {
      "name": "James I",
      "image": "img/england/james_vi_and_i.png",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1603,
      "end": 1625,
      "endReason": "Dysentary, 58",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Clashed with English Parliament over his idea of absolutism",
        "Authorized English translation of bible, the King James Version",
        "Faced an assassination by Guy Fawkes, the Gunpowder Plot"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Frederick V, Son-in-law, img/hre/frederick_v.jpg",
        "Spain, Infanta Maria Anna, Attempted match, img/spain/maria_anna.jpg",
        "Scotland, Mary Queen of Scots, Mother, img/scotland/mary.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1625.jpg"
    },
    "Charles I": {
      "name": "Charles I",
      "image": "img/england/charles_i.png",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1625,
      "end": 1649,
      "endReason": "Executed",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Quarreled with Parliament, provoking the English Civil War",
        "After six years of war, captured, put on trial, and executed",
        "Oliver Cromwell takes over the Puritan Commonwealth"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "First Bishops' War, 1639-40",
        "English Civil War, 1642-8"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Henriette Maria, Wife, img/france/henrietta_maria.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1649.jpg"
    },
    "Charles II": {
      "name": "Charles II",
      "image": "img/england/charles_ii.png",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1660,
      "end": 1685,
      "endReason": "Uraemia, 54",
      "religion": "Anglican, then Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Fighting for his father, escaped to France after losing to Cromwell",
        "With no good successor to Cromwell, restored by Parliament",
        "Secretly converted to Catholicism for French help against Dutch"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "2nd Anglo-Dutch War, 1665-7",
        "3rd Anglo-Dutch War, 1672-4"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Portugal, Catherine of Braganza, Wife, img/portugal/catherine.jpg",
        "Dutch Republic, William of Orange, Nephew, img/england/william_iii_and_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1625.jpg"
    },
    "James II": {
      "name": "James II",
      "image": "img/england/james_ii_and_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1685,
      "end": 1688,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Anglican, then Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Converted to Catholicism and repealed anti-Catholic laws",
        "Ordered bishops to offer indulgences, leading to public protests",
        "Protestant nobles invited William of Orange to come take throne"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Glorious Revolution, 1688-9"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Italy, Mary of Modena, Wife, img/italy/mary_modena.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1625.jpg"
    },
    "William III": {
      "name": "William III",
      "image": "img/england/william_iii_and_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Orange-Nassau",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/orange_nassau.png",
      "start": 1688,
      "end": 1702,
      "endReason": "Pneumonia, 51",
      "religion": "Calvinist",
      "events": [
        "Seen by Protestants as a hero, saving Europe from the French",
        "Faced Irish rebellions, the Jacobites, supporting James II",
        "Passed the Act of Settlement, excluding Catholics from throne"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Williamite War, 1688-91",
        "Nine Years' War, 1688-97"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Dutch Republic, William II, Father, img/dutch/william_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1625.jpg"
    },
    "Anne": {
      "name": "Anne",
      "image": "img/england/anne.png",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1702,
      "end": 1714,
      "endReason": "Poor health, 49",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Relied heavily on ministers, who led the war effort",
        "Supported Tories, then Whigs, swayed by her current favorites",
        "Succession passed over 57 candidates to Protestant Hanovers"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of Spanish Succession, 1701-14"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Denmark, Prince George, Husband, img/denmark/george.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1625.jpg"
    },
    "George I": {
      "name": "George I",
      "image": "img/england/george_i.jpg",
      "house": "Hanover",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hanover.png",
      "start": 1714,
      "end": 1727,
      "endReason": "Stroke, 67",
      "religion": "Lutheran",
      "events": [
        "Supported by Whigs over James Stuart, The Old Pretender",
        "Unable to speak English, relied on Walpole, first Prime Minister",
        "Embroiled in controversy over collapse of South Sea Company"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Quadruple Alliance"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Ernest Augustus, Father, img/hre/ernest_augustus.jpg",
        "Prussia, Sophia Dorothea, Wife, img/hre/sophia_dorothea.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1714.jpg"
    },
    "George II": {
      "name": "George II",
      "image": "img/england/george_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Hanover",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hanover.png",
      "start": 1727,
      "end": 1760,
      "endReason": "Heart failure, 77",
      "religion": "Lutheran",
      "events": [
        "Through John Carteret, joined the War of Austrian Succession",
        "Accused of supporting his German holdings over England",
        "Largely observed ministers leading Seven Years' War in France"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of Jenkins' Ear, 1739-48",
        "War of the Austrian Succession",
        "Seven Years' War, France, 1756-63"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Prussia, Frederick the Great, Nephew, img/hre/frederick_ii.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Caroline of Ansbach, Wife, img/hre/caroline_ansbach.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1714.jpg"
    },
    "George III": {
      "name": "George III",
      "image": "img/england/george_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Hanover",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hanover.png",
      "start": 1760,
      "end": 1820,
      "endReason": "Dementia, 81",
      "religion": "Lutheran",
      "events": [
        "Attempted to finance Seven Years' War through colonial taxation",
        "Lost American colonies to revolution, but united with Ireland",
        "Fought with Revolutionary France to retain hold on aristocracy"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "American Revolution, 1775-83",
        "Napoleonic Wars, 1793-1815"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Wife, img/hre/charlotte_mecklenburg.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1820.jpg"
    },
    "George IV": {
      "name": "George IV",
      "image": "img/england/george_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Hanover",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hanover.png",
      "start": 1820,
      "end": 1830,
      "endReason": "Obesity, 67",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Served as regent during father's period of madness",
        "Catholic Emancipation removed restrictions on Catholics",
        "Retiring from politics, was known as an astute patron of the arts"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Caroline of Brunswick, Wife, img/hre/caroline_brunswick.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1820.jpg"
    },
    "William IV": {
      "name": "William IV",
      "image": "img/england/william_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Hanover",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hanover.png",
      "start": 1830,
      "end": 1837,
      "endReason": "Old age, 71",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Oversaw the abolition of slavery, child labor, and welfare",
        "Childless, British crown went to Victoria; Hanoverian to brother"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Adelaide of Saxe-Meinigen, Wife, img/hre/adelaide.jpg",
        "Belgians, Leopold I, Nephew-in-law, img/belgians/leopold_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1625.jpg"
    },
    "Victoria": {
      "name": "Victoria",
      "image": "img/england/victoria.jpg",
      "house": "Hanover",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hanover.png",
      "start": 1837,
      "end": 1901,
      "endReason": "Old age, 81",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Indian Rebellion causes British East India Company to dissolve",
        "Through Prince Albert, descended much of European royalty",
        "Solidified holdings in Suez Canal, Cyprus, and across Africa"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Anglo-Zulu War, 1879",
        "2nd Anglo-Afghan War, 1878-80",
        "Boer War, Boer States, 1899-1902"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "German Confederation, Prince Albert, Husband, img/hre/prince_albert.jpg",
        "German Empire, Frederick William, Son-in-law, img/hre/frederick_william.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1625.jpg"
    },
    "Edward VII": {
      "name": "Edward VII",
      "image": "img/england/edward_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/saxe_coburg_and_gotha.png",
      "start": 1901,
      "end": 1910,
      "endReason": "Heart attack, 68",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Immensely popular, known as the  Uncle of Europe",
        "Excluded from cabinet by mother who disapproved of affairs",
        "Helped enact the Parliament Act, limiting the House of Lords"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "German Empire, Wilhelm II, Nephew, img/hre/wilhelm_ii.jpg",
        "Denmark, Alexandra, Wife, img/denmark/alexandra.jpg",
        "Russia, Nicholas II, Nephew-in-law, img/russia/nicholas_ii.jpg",
        "Spain, Victoria Eugenia, Niece, img/spain/victoria_eugenia.jpg",
        "Sweden, Margaret, Niece, img/sweden/margaret.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1625.jpg"
    },
    "George V": {
      "name": "George V",
      "image": "img/england/george_v.jpg",
      "house": "Windsor",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/windsor.png",
      "start": 1910,
      "end": 1936,
      "endReason": "Cold, 70",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Granted home rule to Ireland",
        "Renamed house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor",
        "Formed a coalition government of Liberal and Conservative"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "World War I, 1914-8"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "German Empire, Wilhelm II, Cousin, img/hre/wilhelm_ii.jpg",
        "Russia, Nicholas II, Cousin, img/russia/nicholas_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1936.jpg"
    },
    "Edward VIII": {
      "name": "Edward VIII",
      "image": "img/england/edward_viii.png",
      "house": "Windsor",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/windsor.png",
      "start": 1936,
      "end": 1936,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Voluntarily abdicated in order to marry American divorcee",
        "Implicated in plot to restore him to throne as a Nazi agent",
        "Governer of The Bahamas, then lived in Paris after the war"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1936.jpg"
    },
    "George VI": {
      "name": "George VI",
      "image": "img/england/george_vi.png",
      "house": "Windsor",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/windsor.png",
      "start": 1936,
      "end": 1952,
      "endReason": "Heart failure, 56",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Supported appeasement policy towards Germany until Churchill",
        "Ceased to be emperor of India and Pakistan after independence",
        "Oversaw British Empire turn into Commonwealth of Nations"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "World War II, 1939-45"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1936.jpg"
    },
    "Elizabeth II": {
      "name": "Elizabeth II",
      "image": "img/england/elizabeth_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Windsor",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/windsor.png",
      "start": 1952,
      "end": 2019,
      "endReason": "",
      "religion": "Anglican",
      "events": [
        "Married her cousin, Philip Mountbatten of Greece and Denmark",
        "Allowed television crews into domestic life, modernizing family",
        "Plays a completely ceremonial role, staying out of politics"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/england/1936.jpg"
    }
  },
  "Scotland": {
    "Malcolm III": {
      "name": "Malcolm III",
      "image": "img/scotland/malcolm_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1058,
      "end": 1093,
      "endReason": "Battle, 62",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Lived in exile during reign of Macbeth, his father's killer",
        "After Norman conquest, gave refuge to Edgar the Ætheling",
        "Attempted conquest of Northumbria, dying in battle to William II"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Harrying of the North, 1069"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Edgar Æthling, Brother-in-law, img/england/edgar_aethling.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1093.jpg"
    },
    "Donald Bane": {
      "name": "Donald Bane",
      "image": "img/scotland/donald_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1093,
      "end": 1094,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Beseiged Edinburgh Castle with support of Celtic Scots",
        "Expelled by nephew Duncan II with support of English and Normans"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1096.jpg"
    },
    "Duncan II": {
      "name": "Duncan II",
      "image": "img/scotland/duncan_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1094,
      "end": 1094,
      "endReason": "Assassinated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Grew up as English hostage, as father's homage to William I",
        "Deposed uncle Donald Bane, who then had him killed"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Edgar Æthling, Uncle, img/england/edgar_aethling.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1096.jpg"
    },
    "Donald Bane ": {
      "name": "Donald Bane ",
      "image": "img/scotland/donald_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1094,
      "end": 1097,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Had nephew Duncan II killed after just a few months",
        "Deposed by an English army led by Edgar the Ætheling",
        "Replaced by other nephew, Edgar, son of Malcolm III"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1096.jpg"
    },
    "Edgar": {
      "name": "Edgar",
      "image": "img/scotland/edgar.jpg",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1097,
      "end": 1107,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 43",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Placed on Scottish throne with aid of William II of England",
        "First Scottish king to have Celtic and Anglo-Saxon ancestry",
        "Ceded the Hebrides to Magnus III of Norway"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Edgar Æthling, Uncle, img/england/edgar_aethling.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1096.jpg"
    },
    "Alexander I": {
      "name": "Alexander I",
      "image": "img/scotland/alexander_i.jpg",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1107,
      "end": 1124,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 45",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Allowed younger brother, David, to rule southern Scotland",
        "Likely acknolwedged Henry I of England has his overlord",
        "Attempted to preserve the independence of the Scottish Church"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Henry I, Father-in-law, img/england/henry_i.png",
        "England, Edgar Æthling, Uncle, img/england/edgar_aethling.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1096.jpg"
    },
    "David I": {
      "name": "David I",
      "image": "img/scotland/david_i.jpg",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1124,
      "end": 1153,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 68",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Supported his niece, Empress Matilda, over Stephen of Blois",
        "Granted Northumbria and Cumbria for fighting in The Anarchy",
        "Annexed the Mormaer of Moray to the Scottish crown",
        ""
      ],
      "wars": [
        "The Anarchy, England, 1135-53"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Henry I, Brother-in-law, img/england/henry_i.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1214.jpg"
    },
    "Malcolm IV": {
      "name": "Malcolm IV",
      "image": "img/scotland/malcolm_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1153,
      "end": 1165,
      "endReason": "Paget's disease, 24",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Ascended throne at age of 11, grandson of David I",
        "Forced to give Northumbria and Cumbria back to Henry II",
        "Succeeded by his brother, William the Lion"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1214.jpg"
    },
    "William I": {
      "name": "William I",
      "image": "img/scotland/william_i.jpg",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1165,
      "end": 1214,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 72",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Revolted to win back Northumbria but captured by Henry II",
        "As part of release, confirmed the supremacy of English Church",
        "Bought release of feudal subjection from Richard I"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Revolt of 1173-74, England"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1214.jpg"
    },
    "Alexander II": {
      "name": "Alexander II",
      "image": "img/scotland/alexander_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1214,
      "end": 1249,
      "endReason": "Fever, 50",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Supported the English barons' revolt, hoping to reclaim land",
        "Established Anglo-Scottish border through the Treaty of York"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "First Baron's War, 1215-7"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Henry III, Brother-in-law, img/england/henry_iii.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1214.jpg"
    },
    "Alexander III": {
      "name": "Alexander III",
      "image": "img/scotland/alexander_iii.JPG",
      "house": "Dunkeld",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/dunkeld.png",
      "start": 1249,
      "end": 1286,
      "endReason": "Injury, 44",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Gained Isle of Man and Hebrides from Norwegian Haakon IV"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Scottish-Norwegian War, 1262"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Henry III, Father-in-law, img/england/henry_iii.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1286.jpg"
    },
    "Margaret": {
      "name": "Margaret",
      "image": "img/scotland/margaret_maid_of_norway.jpg",
      "house": "Sverre",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/norway.png",
      "start": 1286,
      "end": 1290,
      "endReason": "Illness, 7",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Only surviving descendant of grandfather, Alexander III",
        "Sailed from Norway to take crown, but died en route",
        "Her death led to thirteen claims to the throne, the Great Cause"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Norway, Eric II, Father, img/norway/eric_ii.jpg",
        "England, Edward II, Betrothed, img/england/edward_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1286.jpg"
    },
    "John": {
      "name": "John",
      "image": "img/scotland/john.jpg",
      "house": "Balliol",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/balliol.png",
      "start": 1292,
      "end": 1296,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Selected among competitors during Great Cause",
        "Deposed by Scottish nobility who'd signed a treaty with France",
        "Imprisoned in Tower of London and exiled to Papal States"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "1st War of Scottish Independence"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1296.jpg"
    },
    "Robert I": {
      "name": "Robert I",
      "image": "img/scotland/robert_i.jpg",
      "house": "Bruce",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bruce.png",
      "start": 1306,
      "end": 1329,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 55",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Claimed throne while under rule of Edward I of England",
        "Defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn",
        "Finally made peace with England after deposition of Edward II"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "1st War of Scottish Independence"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Ireland, Elizabeth de Burgh, Wife, img/ireland/elizabeth_de_burgh.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1329.jpg"
    },
    "David II": {
      "name": "David II",
      "image": "img/scotland/david_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Bruce",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/bruce.png",
      "start": 1329,
      "end": 1371,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 46",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Sent to France for safety after losing the Battle of Halidon Hill",
        "Captured by the English and held for 11 years",
        ""
      ],
      "wars": [
        "2nd War of Scottish Independence"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Joan of the Tower, Wife, img/england/joan_of_the_tower.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1329.jpg"
    },
    "Robert II": {
      "name": "Robert II",
      "image": "img/scotland/robert_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1371,
      "end": 1390,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 74",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Defeated the return of Edward Balliol and the English",
        "Included Scotland in the Anglo-French truce of 1384"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1329.jpg"
    },
    "Robert III": {
      "name": "Robert III",
      "image": "img/scotland/robert_iii.png",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1390,
      "end": 1406,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 68",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Albany Stewart, his brother, had effective control over kingdom",
        "Son David captured and killed by Albany",
        "Other son, James, fled to France but was captured by Henry IV"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1329.jpg"
    },
    "James I": {
      "name": "James I",
      "image": "img/scotland/james_i.jpg",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1406,
      "end": 1437,
      "endReason": "Assassinated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "While a captive of Henry IV, raised in the English court",
        "Arrested the Lord of the Isles and the Douglas clan leaders",
        "Was murdered during a failed coup by uncle, Walter Stewart"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Louis XI, Son-in-law, img/france/louis_xi.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1329.jpg"
    },
    "James II": {
      "name": "James II",
      "image": "img/scotland/james_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1437,
      "end": 1460,
      "endReason": "Battle, 29",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Murdered Earl of Douglas for consipiring with Lord of the Isles",
        "Killed by friendly fire during the seige of an English castle"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Black Douglas civil war, 1455"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Flanders, Mary of Guelders, Wife, img/france/mary_guelders.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1329.jpg"
    },
    "James III": {
      "name": "James III",
      "image": "img/scotland/james_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1460,
      "end": 1488,
      "endReason": "Battle, 36",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Received Orkney and Shetland Islands as dowry from Norway",
        "Imprisoned by Edward IV in Edinburgh Castle",
        "Killed during a rebellion at the Battle of Sauchieburn"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Denmark, Margaret, Wife, img/denmark/margaret.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1460.jpg"
    },
    "James IV": {
      "name": "James IV",
      "image": "img/scotland/james_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1488,
      "end": 1513,
      "endReason": "Battle, 40",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Defeated his father, James III, at the Battle of Sauchieburn",
        "Signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Henry VII",
        "Took away the Lord of the Isles title from the MacDonalds"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the League of Cambrai"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Margaret Tudor, Wife, img/england/margaret_tudor.jpg",
        "Denmark, Christian I, Grandfather, img/denmark/christian_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1460.jpg"
    },
    "James V": {
      "name": "James V",
      "image": "img/scotland/james_v.jpg",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1513,
      "end": 1542,
      "endReason": "Illness, 30",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Imprisoned by his stepfather Archibald Douglas for 3 years",
        "Persecuted Protestants during the Scottish Reformation",
        "His death left the infant Mary, Queen of Scots as the heir"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Anglo-Scottish Wars, 1542"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Henry VIII, Uncle, img/england/henry_viii.jpg",
        "France, Madeleine, Wife, img/france/madeleine_valois.jpg",
        "France, Mary of Guise, Wife, img/france/mary_guise.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1460.jpg"
    },
    "Mary, Queen of Scots": {
      "name": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
      "image": "img/scotland/mary.jpg",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1542,
      "end": 1567,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Arriving from France, imprisoned by Protestants and deposed",
        "Believed by English Catholics to be the legitimate heir to Mary I",
        "After 18 years in English custody, beheaded by Elizabeth I"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Rough Wooing, 1543-51"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Francis II, Husband, img/france/francis_ii.jpg",
        "England, Edward VI, Betrothed, img/england/edward_vi.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1460.jpg"
    },
    "James VI": {
      "name": "James VI",
      "image": "img/england/james_vi_and_i.png",
      "house": "Stuart",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/stuart.png",
      "start": 1567,
      "end": 1603,
      "endReason": "Union with England",
      "religion": "Protestant",
      "events": [
        "Taken from Mary, Queen of Scots and raised as a Protestant",
        "Ingratiated himself to the childless Elizabeth I to be named her heir",
        "Colonized the Hebrides in an attempt to de-gaelicise it"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Frederick V, Son-in-law, img/hre/frederick_v.jpg",
        "Spain, Infanta Maria Anna, Attempted match, img/spain/maria_anna.jpg",
        "Denmark, Anne, Wife, img/denmark/anne.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/scotland/1460.jpg"
    }
  },
  "Russia": {
    "Vladimir the Great": {
      "name": "Vladimir the Great",
      "image": "img/russia/vladimir_the_great.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 980,
      "end": 1015,
      "endReason": "Illness, 57",
      "religion": "Pagan, then Christian",
      "events": [
        "Expanded Kievan realm to include Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine",
        "Converted to Christianity and Christianized the pagan Rus'"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Otto I, Grandfather-in-law, img/hre/otto_i.jpeg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/980.jpg"
    },
    "Sviatopolk I": {
      "name": "Sviatopolk I",
      "image": "img/russia/sviatopolk_i.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 1015,
      "end": 1019,
      "endReason": "Battle, 39",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Known as 'The Accursed', murdered his 3 brothers to seize power",
        "Defeated in battle by remaining brother, Yaroslav"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Poland, Boleslaus I, Father-in-law, img/poland/boleslaus_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1018.jpg"
    },
    "Yaroslav the Wise": {
      "name": "Yaroslav the Wise",
      "image": "img/russia/yaroslav.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 1019,
      "end": 1054,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 76",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Enacted code of law known as Russkaya Pravda, the Rus Truth",
        "Captured part of Crimea from the Byzantine Empire",
        "Captured Estonia with the help of Scandinavian allies"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Rus'-Byzantine War, 1043"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Poland, Casimir I, Brother-in-law, img/poland/casimir_i.png",
        "France, Henry I, Son-in-law, img/france/henry_i.jpg",
        "England, Edgar the Ætheling, Grandson, img/england/edgar_aethling.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1054.jpg"
    },
    "Iziaslav I": {
      "name": "Iziaslav I",
      "image": "img/russia/iziaslav_i.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 1054,
      "end": 1073,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Founded the first Kievan Eastern Orthodox monastery",
        "Fled during popular uprising, then returned with help from Polish",
        "Crowned first King of Rus' by the Pope"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Kiev uprising of 1068"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Poland, Casimir I, Brother-in-law, img/poland/casimir_i.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1054.jpg"
    },
    "Sviatoslav II": {
      "name": "Sviatoslav II",
      "image": "img/russia/sviatoslav_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 1073,
      "end": 1077,
      "endReason": "Illness, 49",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Joined brothers Iziaslav and Vsevolod in a triumvirate of Kiev",
        "With support of Vsevolod, dethroned and replaced Iziaslav"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1054.jpg"
    },
    "Vsevolod I": {
      "name": "Vsevolod I",
      "image": "img/russia/vsevolod.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 1078,
      "end": 1093,
      "endReason": "Illness, 63",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "United the core principalities of Kiev, Chernigov, and Pereyaslav"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Byzantine, Constantine IX, Brother-in-law, img/byzantine/constantine_ix.jpg",
        "Holy Roman Empire, Henry IV, Son-in-law, img/hre/henry_iv.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1093.jpg"
    },
    "Sviatopolk II": {
      "name": "Sviatopolk II",
      "image": "img/russia/sviatopolk_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 1093,
      "end": 1113,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 62",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Engaged in campaigns against the Kypchaks but defeated in 1093",
        "Attemped compact with Chernigov by inviting Cuman raiders",
        "Embellished the golden-roofed St. Michael's Abbey in Kiev"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Battle of Stugna River, 1093"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Poland, Boleslaw III, Son-in-law, img/poland/boleslaw_iii.png",
        "Bohemia, Spytihnev II, Father-in-law, img/poland/spytihnev_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1093.jpg"
    },
    "Vladimir II": {
      "name": "Vladimir II",
      "image": "img/russia/vladimir_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 1112,
      "end": 1125,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 71",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Engaged in constant warfare with the Turkic Cumans",
        "Held series of congresses to unite Rus' princes against Great Steppe"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Harold Godwinson, Father-in-law, img/england/harold_godwinson.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1093.jpg"
    },
    "Mstislav I": {
      "name": "Mstislav I",
      "image": "img/russia/mstislav_i.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 1125,
      "end": 1132,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 55",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Fought the Cumans, Estonians, and Lithuanians for entire reign",
        "After death, united Rus broke apart for four hundred years"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Sweden, Inge I, Father-in-law, img/sweden/inge_i.jpg",
        "Denmark, Valdemar I, Grandson, img/denmark/valdemar_i.jpg",
        "Denmark, Eric II, Son-in-law, img/denmark/eric_ii.JPG"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1093.jpg"
    },
    "Ivan IV": {
      "name": "Ivan IV",
      "image": "img/russia/ivan_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 1547,
      "end": 1584,
      "endReason": "Stroke, 53",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Established the Tsardom of Russia with Moscow at the center",
        "Conquered Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Sibir",
        "Transformed Russia from medieval state to complex empire"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Russo-Turkish War, 1568-70",
        "Livonian War, 1558-83",
        "Russo-Crimean War, 1570-72"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1584.jpg"
    },
    "Feodor I": {
      "name": "Feodor I",
      "image": "img/russia/feodor_i.jpg",
      "house": "Rurik",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/rurik.png",
      "start": 1584,
      "end": 1598,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 40",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Last Rurikid Tsar of Russia",
        "Country administered by brother-in-law, Boris Godunov",
        "Dying childless, plunged Russia into the Time of Troubles"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1598.jpg"
    },
    "Boris Godunov": {
      "name": "Boris Godunov",
      "image": "img/russia/boris_godunov.jpg",
      "house": "Godunov",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1598,
      "end": 1605,
      "endReason": "Stroke, 53",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Rose through the ranks from soldier to favorite to minister",
        "Separated Russian Orthodox Church from Constantinople"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Russo-Swedish War, 1590-95"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1598.jpg"
    },
    "Feodor II": {
      "name": "Feodor II",
      "image": "img/russia/feodor_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Godunov",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1605,
      "end": 1605,
      "endReason": "Assassinated",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Proclaimed Tsar after the death of father",
        "Envoys of False Dmitriy publicly read his fate in Red Square",
        "Boyars, disloyal to new Tsar, arrested, strangled, and poisoned him"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1598.jpg"
    },
    "False Dmitry": {
      "name": "False Dmitry",
      "image": "img/russia/false_dmitry_i.jpg",
      "house": "",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1605,
      "end": 1606,
      "endReason": "Executed",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "One of three pretenders claiming to be son of Ivan the Terrible",
        "Formed army with support of Poland, marching against Godunov",
        "Promised Russian Church back to Rome, inciting death by mob"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1598.jpg"
    },
    "Vasili IV": {
      "name": "Vasili IV",
      "image": "img/russia/vasili_iv.png",
      "house": "Shuyskiy",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/shuyskiy.png",
      "start": 1606,
      "end": 1610,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Plotted against False Dmitry, taking throne after his death",
        "Deposed and forced into a monastery, dying a prisoner"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1598.jpg"
    },
    "Michael I": {
      "name": "Michael I",
      "image": "img/russia/michael_i.jpg",
      "house": "Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1613,
      "end": 1645,
      "endReason": "Scurvy, 49",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Elected Tsar, taking Russia back from the Kingdom of Poland",
        "Accession marked the end of the Time of Troubles",
        "Conquered Siberia with help of cossacks and Stroganov family"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Russian Conquest of Siberia"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Denmark, Valdemar Christian, Son-in-law, img/sweden/valdemar_christian.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1645.jpg"
    },
    "Alexis I": {
      "name": "Alexis I",
      "image": "img/russia/alexis_i.jpg",
      "house": "Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1645,
      "end": 1676,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 46",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Excommunicated Patriarch Nikon, who attempted a Greek reform",
        "Faced riots over salt, copper, and Cossacks led by Stenka Razin",
        "Ended his reign with 8,000,000 square kilometers under his rule"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Russo-Persian War, 1651-53",
        "Russo-Polish War, 1654-67",
        "Russo-Swedish War, 1656-58"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1676.jpg"
    },
    "Feodor III": {
      "name": "Feodor III",
      "image": "img/russia/feodor_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1676,
      "end": 1682,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 20",
      "religion": "Eastern Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Founded the academy of sciences in Zaikonospassky Monastery",
        "Introduced reforms such as meritocracy, Greek, and beard shaving",
        "Died without issue, sparking the Moscow Uprising of 1682"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1676.jpg"
    },
    "Peter I": {
      "name": "Peter I",
      "image": "img/russia/peter_i.jpg",
      "house": "Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1682,
      "end": 1725,
      "endReason": "Uremia, 52",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Westenized Russia, traveling Europe and founding St. Petersburg",
        "Captured ports at Azov and Baltic Sea from Swedes and Tatars",
        "Transformed Russia into modern, scientific Enlightened empire"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Bulavin Rebellion, 1707-8",
        "Russo-Turkish War of 1710",
        "Great Northern War, 1700-21",
        ""
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Sweden, Charles Frederick, Son-in-law, img/hre/charles_frederick.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1725.jpg"
    },
    "Catherine I": {
      "name": "Catherine I",
      "image": "img/russia/catherine_i.jpg",
      "house": "Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1724,
      "end": 1727,
      "endReason": "Tuberculosis, 43",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Succeeded husband, since heir Alexei was convicted of treason",
        "Continued liberalization, opening door to female monarchs"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Sweden, Charles Frederick, Son-in-law, img/hre/charles_frederick.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1725.jpg"
    },
    "Peter II": {
      "name": "Peter II",
      "image": "img/russia/peter_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1727,
      "end": 1730,
      "endReason": "Smallpox, 14",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Son of Peter I through his first wife, Charlotte Christine",
        "Disinclined to rule, spent time feasting and died quite young",
        "Last male heir of the Romanov line"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Holy Roman Empire, Louis Rudolph, Grandfather, img/hre/louis_rudolph.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1725.jpg"
    },
    "Anna": {
      "name": "Anna",
      "image": "img/russia/anna.jpg",
      "house": "Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1730,
      "end": 1740,
      "endReason": "Kidney stone, 47",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Daughter of half-brother of Peter I's invalid half-brother, Ivan V",
        "Continued reforms in architecture, science, and the arts",
        "Named grand-nephew Ivan VI heir to exclude lineage of Peter I"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Polish Succession",
        "Russo-Turkish War, 1735-39"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Poland-Lithuania, Frederick William, Husband, img/poland/frederick_william.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1725.jpg"
    },
    "Ivan VI": {
      "name": "Ivan VI",
      "image": "img/russia/ivan_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1740,
      "end": 1741,
      "endReason": "Murdered",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Declared Emperor at the age of two months",
        "Imprisoned after a year by cousin Elizabeth, who launched a coup",
        "After twenty years in captivity, killed by guards during failed rescue"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1725.jpg"
    },
    "Elizabeth": {
      "name": "Elizabeth",
      "image": "img/russia/elizabeth.jpg",
      "house": "Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1741,
      "end": 1762,
      "endReason": "Stroke, 52",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Invested heavily in architecture, such as the Winter Palace",
        "Received all of Southern Finland from Sweden in Treaty of Åbo",
        "Died unexpectedly before defeating Prussia in Seven Years' War"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Austrian Succession",
        "Seven Years' War, 1756-63"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1761.jpg"
    },
    "Peter III": {
      "name": "Peter III",
      "image": "img/russia/peter_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1762,
      "end": 1762,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Lutheran, then Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Nephew to Elizabeth, first of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov house",
        "A progressive, granted religion freedom and abolished secret police",
        "Overthrown by wife Princess Sophie, who became Catherine II"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Sweden, Charles Frederick, Father, img/hre/charles_frederick.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1761.jpg"
    },
    "Catherine II": {
      "name": "Catherine II",
      "image": "img/russia/catherine_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1762,
      "end": 1796,
      "endReason": "Stroke, 67",
      "religion": "Lutheran, then Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Oversaw the breakup of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth",
        "Gained Crimea and Poland; colonized Novorossia and Alaska",
        "An enlightened absolutist, brought about an artistic renaissance"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Russo-Turkish Wars, 1768-74",
        "Polish-Russian War, 1792",
        "Russo-Persian War, 1795"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Poland, Stanislaw II, Lover, img/poland/stanislaw_ii.jpg",
        "Sweden, Gustave IV Adolf, Cousin, img/sweden/gustav_iv_adolf.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1796.jpg"
    },
    "Paul I": {
      "name": "Paul I",
      "image": "img/russia/paul_i.jpg",
      "house": "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1796,
      "end": 1801,
      "endReason": "Assassinated",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Added eastern Georgia to the empire",
        "Allied with Britain and Austria against Napeolonic France",
        "Creating policies unfriendly to nobles, was assassinated by military"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Napoleonic Wars, 1796-1801"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Prussia, Frederick II Eugene, Father-in-law, img/germany/frederick_eugene.jpg",
        "Netherlands, William II, Son-in-law, img/dutch/william_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1796.jpg"
    },
    "Alexander I": {
      "name": "Alexander I",
      "image": "img/russia/alexander_i.jpg",
      "house": "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1801,
      "end": 1825,
      "endReason": "Typhus, 47",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland during unity periods",
        "Napoleon's army collapsed during invasion, losing 500,000 men",
        "Joined Holy Alliance with Austria and Prussia to combat revolutions"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Anglo-Russian War, 1807-1812",
        "Finnish War, Sweden, 1808-9",
        "Russo-Persian War, 1804-13"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1825.jpg"
    },
    "Nicholas I": {
      "name": "Nicholas I",
      "image": "img/russia/nicholas_i.jpg",
      "house": "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1825,
      "end": 1855,
      "endReason": "Pneumonia, 58",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Seized the last territories in the Caucasus held by Persia",
        "Lost Crimean War and influence over Romania, Serbia, & Black Sea",
        "On eve of death, Russian territory was at its zenith: 8MM sq. miles"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Russo-Persian War, 1826-28",
        "Greek War of Independence",
        "Crimean War, Ottomans, 1853-6"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Denmark, Frederick William, Son-in-law, img/denmark/frederick_william.jpg",
        "Prussia, Frederick William III, Father-in-law, img/germany/frederick_william_iii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1855.jpg"
    },
    "Alexander II": {
      "name": "Alexander II",
      "image": "img/russia/alexander_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1855,
      "end": 1881,
      "endReason": "Assassinated",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Emancipated Russian serfs, for which he is known as The Liberator",
        "Sold Alaska to the United States to prevent it from becoming British",
        "Pursued further expansion into Siberia, Caucasus, and Turkestain"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78",
        "January Uprising, Poland, 1863"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "German Confederation, Louis II, Father-in-law, img/germany/louis_ii.jpg",
        "German Empire, Alfred, Son-in-law, img/germany/alfred.jpg",
        "Greece, Alexandra, Daughter-in-law, img/greece/alexandra.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1881.jpg"
    },
    "Alexander III": {
      "name": "Alexander III",
      "image": "img/russia/alexander_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1881,
      "end": 1894,
      "endReason": "Nephritis, 49",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "A counter-reformer, reversed many of his father's policies",
        "Formed Triple Entente alliance with France and Great Britain",
        ""
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Denmark, Christian IX, Father-in-law, img/denmark/christian_ix.jpg",
        "England, Edward VII, Brother-in-law, img/england/edward_vii.jpg",
        "Greece, George I, Brother-in-law, img/greece/george_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1881.jpg"
    },
    "Nicholas II": {
      "name": "Nicholas II",
      "image": "img/russia/nicholas_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/romanov.png",
      "start": 1894,
      "end": 1917,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Russian Orthodox",
      "events": [
        "Lost influence over Manchuria and Korea to the Japanese",
        "Lost 3.3 million Russians during World War I, causing revolution",
        "Abdicated, imprisoned, and handed over to Bolsheviks for execution"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5",
        "World War I, 1914-1918"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Denmark, Christian IX, Grandfather, img/denmark/christian_ix.jpg",
        "Greece, Constantine I, Cousin, img/greece/constantine_i.jpg",
        "Germany, Wilhelm II, Cousin, img/germany/wilhelm_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/russia/1917.jpg"
    }
  },
  "Holy Roman Empire": {
    "Otto I": {
      "name": "Otto I",
      "image": "img/hre/otto_i.jpeg",
      "house": "Ottonian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/saxony.png",
      "start": 962,
      "end": 973,
      "endReason": "Illness, 60",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Ended the Hungarian invasions of Western Europe",
        "Conquered Northern Italy",
        "Invaded papal states and installed Leo VIII as pope"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Hungarian Invasions, 955-70"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Byzantine Empire, Theophanu, Daughter-in-law, img/byzantine/theophano.jpeg",
        "Italy, Adelaide, Wife, img/italy/adelaide.jpg",
        "England, Edward the Elder, Father-in-law, img/england/edward_the_elder.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/973.jpg"
    },
    "Otto II": {
      "name": "Otto II",
      "image": "img/hre/otto_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Ottonian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/saxony.png",
      "start": 967,
      "end": 983,
      "endReason": "Malaria, 28",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Subjugated and christianized the Danes",
        "Attempted and failed to take Italy from the Muslims"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Emirate of Sicily, 982",
        "Great Slav Rising, 983"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Byzantine Empire, Theophanu, Wife, img/byzantine/theophano.jpeg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/983.jpg"
    },
    "Otto III": {
      "name": "Otto III",
      "image": "img/hre/otto_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Ottonian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/saxony.png",
      "start": 996,
      "end": 1002,
      "endReason": "Illness, 21",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Lost territories east of the Elbe to Slavs",
        "Died without heir, causing Italy to break away"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/983.jpg"
    },
    "Henry II": {
      "name": "Henry II",
      "image": "img/hre/henry_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Ottonian",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/saxony.png",
      "start": 1014,
      "end": 1024,
      "endReason": "Illness, 51",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Crowned King of Germany following death of Otto III",
        "Added Bohemia to the empire",
        "Support for Rome led to the East-West Schism of the Church"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "German-Polish War, 1002-18",
        "Battle of Cannae, 1018"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1024.jpg"
    },
    "Conrad II": {
      "name": "Conrad II",
      "image": "img/hre/conrad_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Salian",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1027,
      "end": 1039,
      "endReason": "Gout, 49",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Claimed the vacant Dukedom of Bavaria",
        "Incorporated the heirless Kingdom of Burgundy"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1031.jpg"
    },
    "Henry III": {
      "name": "Henry III",
      "image": "img/hre/henry_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Salian",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1046,
      "end": 1056,
      "endReason": "Illness, 39",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Given Bavaria, Swabia, and Burgundy from father Conrad II",
        "Trial of Italian bishop precipitated Investiture Controversy",
        "Split Lorraine into Upper and Lower Lorraine"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Aquitaine, Agnes, Wife, img/france/agnes.jpg",
        "Denmark, Cnut the Great, Father-in-law, img/denmark/cnut_the_great.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1056.jpg"
    },
    "Henry IV": {
      "name": "Henry IV",
      "image": "img/hre/henry_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Salian",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1056,
      "end": 1106,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Attempted to appoint bishops instead of the papacy",
        "Excommunicated 5 times during Investiture Controversy",
        "Defeated by son Henry with support of papacy"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Saxon Rebellion, 1073-5",
        "Great Saxon Revolt, 1077-88"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Savoy, Bertha, Wife, img/italy/bertha.jpg",
        "Russia, Vsevolod I, Father-in-law, img/russia/vsevolod.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1106.jpg"
    },
    "Henry V": {
      "name": "Henry V",
      "image": "img/hre/henry_v.jpg",
      "house": "Salian",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1111,
      "end": 1125,
      "endReason": "Cancer, 39",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Captured Pope Paschal II",
        "Settled Investiture Controversy in Concordat of Worms"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Henry I, Father-in-law, img/england/henry_i.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1106.jpg"
    },
    "Lothair II": {
      "name": "Lothair II",
      "image": "img/hre/lothair_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Supplinburg",
      "houseImage": "",
      "start": 1133,
      "end": 1137,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 62",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Appointed Duke of Saxony for supporting Henry V against father",
        "First elected Emperor without hereditary claim",
        ""
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Sicily, 1136-7"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1106.jpg"
    },
    "Frederick I": {
      "name": "Frederick I",
      "image": "img/hre/frederick_i.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenstaufen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenstaufen.png",
      "start": 1155,
      "end": 1190,
      "endReason": "Drowned, 67",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Created feudal court via Landfrieden of 1152",
        "Defeated at Alessandria by pro-papal Lombard League",
        "Reconciled with Pope Alexander II at Peace of Venice"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Italy, 1154-5",
        "Italy, 1158-74",
        "Third Crusade, 1189-92"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Sicily, Constance, Daughter-in-law, img/italy/constance.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1190.jpg"
    },
    "Henry VI": {
      "name": "Henry VI",
      "image": "img/hre/henry_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenstaufen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenstaufen.png",
      "start": 1191,
      "end": 1197,
      "endReason": "Illness, 31",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Captured and ransomed Richard the Lionheart of England",
        "Captured and added Sicily to the Empire",
        "Attempted and failed to make imperial crown hereditary"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Sicily, 1136-7"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Sicily, Constance, Wife, img/italy/constance.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1197.jpg"
    },
    "Otto IV": {
      "name": "Otto IV",
      "image": "img/hre/otto_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Welf",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/welf.png",
      "start": 1209,
      "end": 1215,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Son of anti-king Henry the Lion",
        "Excommunicated by Pope Innocent III",
        "Frederick II elected concurrently by dissatisfied princes and Pope"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Anglo-French War, 1213-4"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Henry II, Grandfather, img/england/henry_ii.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1215.jpg"
    },
    "Frederick II": {
      "name": "Frederick II",
      "image": "img/hre/frederick_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenstaufen",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenstaufen.png",
      "start": 1220,
      "end": 1250,
      "endReason": "Dysentary, 55",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Appointed king of Sicily and Jerusalem through marriage",
        "Outlawed the practice of Trial by Ordeal",
        "After death, Empire entered a period of long decline"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Fifth Crusade, 1217-21",
        "Sixth Crusade, 1228-9",
        "Guelphs and Ghibellines, 1241"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Sicily, Roger II, Father-in-law, img/italy/roger_ii.jpg",
        "Aragon, Alfonso II, Father-in-law, img/spain/alfonso_ii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1215.jpg"
    },
    "Henry VII": {
      "name": "Henry VII",
      "image": "img/hre/henry_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Luxembourg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/luxembourg.png",
      "start": 1312,
      "end": 1313,
      "endReason": "Malaria, 39",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Elected over French Charles of Valois as King of the Romans",
        "Swung support amongst Italians to pro-Empire Ghibelline faction",
        "Coronation ended the Great Interregnum of the empire"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Italy, 1312-3"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Charles IV, Son-in-law, img/france/charles_iv_and_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1313.jpg"
    },
    "Louis IV": {
      "name": "Louis IV",
      "image": "img/hre/louis_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Wittelsbach",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/wittelsbach.png",
      "start": 1328,
      "end": 1347,
      "endReason": "Stroke, 65",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Elected over Habsburg cousin with support of Luxembourgs",
        "Gave Teutonic Knights permission to invade Lithuania and Russia",
        "Lost support of German princes to Charles IV of Luxembourg"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Naples, 1328-30"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Sweden, Eric XII, Son-in-law, img/sweden/eric_xii.jpg",
        "Holland, William I, Father-in-law, img/dutch/william_i_count_of_hainaut.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1347.jpg"
    },
    "Charles IV": {
      "name": "Charles IV",
      "image": "img/hre/charles_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Luxembourg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/luxembourg.png",
      "start": 1355,
      "end": 1378,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 62",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Crowned King of the Romans during the reign of Louis IV",
        "Established Imperial succession in Golden Bull of 1356",
        ""
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "France, John II, Brother-in-law, img/france/john_ii.jpg",
        "England, Richard II, Son-in-law, img/england/richard_ii.jpg",
        "Hungary, Louis I, Son-in-law, img/hungary/louis_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1378.jpg"
    },
    "Sigismund": {
      "name": "Sigismund",
      "image": "img/hre/sigismund.jpg",
      "house": "Luxembourg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/luxembourg.png",
      "start": 1433,
      "end": 1437,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 69",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Founded the Order of the Dragon to fight the Turks",
        "Ended Papal Schism through the Council of Constance",
        "Had Jan Hus executed after promising safe passage"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Crusade of Nicopolis, 1396",
        "Hussite Wars, 1419-34"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Hungary, Louis I, Father-in-law, img/hungary/louis_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1437.jpg"
    },
    "Frederick III": {
      "name": "Frederick III",
      "image": "img/hre/frederick_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1452,
      "end": 1493,
      "endReason": "Amputation, 77",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Last Emperor to be crowned in Rome",
        "Consolidated ancestral Habsburg land of Austria and Hungary"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Portugal, Edward I, Father-in-law, img/portugal/edward_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1493.jpg"
    },
    "Maximilian I": {
      "name": "Maximilian I",
      "image": "img/hre/maximilian_i.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1508,
      "end": 1519,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 59",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Proclaimed Emperor-elect at Trent",
        "Lost Swiss territories to Swiss Confederacy",
        "Established Habsburg dynasty in Spain via son's marriage to queen of Castile"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Italian Wars, 1494-1516"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Burgundy, Charles the Bold, Father-in-law, img/france/charles_the_bold.jpg",
        "Brittany, Anne, Wife, img/france/anne_of_brittany.jpg",
        "Castile, Philip I, Son, img/spain/philip_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1519.jpg"
    },
    "Charles V": {
      "name": "Charles V",
      "image": "img/hre/charles_v.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1519,
      "end": 1556,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Financed conquistadores for Incan and Aztec expeditions",
        "Organized Diet of Worms to halt the Protestant Reformation",
        "Divided empire between Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Italian Wars, 1521-59",
        "Ottoman-Habsburg Wars, 1529"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Spain, Philip II, Son, img/spain/philip_ii.jpg",
        "Portugal, Manuel I, Father-in-law, img/portugal/manuel_i.jpg",
        "Portugal, Sebastian, Grandson, img/portugal/sebastian.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1556.jpg"
    },
    "Ferdinand I": {
      "name": "Ferdinand I",
      "image": "img/hre/ferdinand_i.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1556,
      "end": 1564,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 61",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Consolidated grasp over Hungary",
        "Led Counter-Reformation, the Catholic response to Protestantism"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Hungary, Vladislaus II, Father-in-law, img/hungary/vladislaus_ii.jpg",
        "Poland, Sigismund II Augustus, Son-in-law, img/poland/sigismund_ii_augustus.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1564.jpg"
    },
    "Maximilian II": {
      "name": "Maximilian II",
      "image": "img/hre/maximilian_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1564,
      "end": 1576,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 49",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Established temporary peace with Protestants during the Confessionalization",
        "Failed to evict Ottoman Turks from Hungary"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Ottoman-Habsburg Wars, 1566-73"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Spain, Maria, Wife & Cousin, img/spain/maria_of_austria.jpg",
        "France, Charles IX, Son-in-law, img/france/charles_ix.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1564.jpg"
    },
    "Rudolf II": {
      "name": "Rudolf II",
      "image": "img/hre/rudolf_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1576,
      "end": 1612,
      "endReason": "Deposed",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Ineffectual ruler whose mistakes led to the Thirty Years' War",
        "Influential patron of Northern Mannerist art",
        "Intellectual devotee who helped seed the scientific revolution"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Long Turkish War, 1593-1606"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1564.jpg"
    },
    "Matthias": {
      "name": "Matthias",
      "image": "img/hre/matthias.jpeg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1612,
      "end": 1619,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 62",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Gave freedom of religion to the Dutch in Union of Utrecht",
        "Imprisoned and stripped brother Rudolf II of all titles and land",
        "Imprisoned Protestant leader Klesl during Bohemian Protestant revolt"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1619.jpg"
    },
    "Ferdinand II": {
      "name": "Ferdinand II",
      "image": "img/hre/ferdinand_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1619,
      "end": 1637,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 58",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "A zealous Catholic, led the Thirty Years' War against Protestants",
        "Put down Bohemian revolt led by Protestant Emperor Frederick V",
        "Ended civil war component by signing Peace of Prague in 1635"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Thirty Years' War, 1618-48"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Florence, Eleanor de' Medici, Mother-in-law, img/italy/eleanor_de_medici.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1637.jpg"
    },
    "Ferdinand III": {
      "name": "Ferdinand III",
      "image": "img/hre/ferdinand_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1637,
      "end": 1657,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 48",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Appointed head of the Imperial army during Thirty Years' War",
        "Made peace with Protestant league in 1648 with Peace of Westphalia"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Thirty Years' War, 1618-48"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Spain, Maria Anna, Wife & Cousin, img/spain/maria_anna.jpg",
        "Spain, Philip IV, Brother-in-law & Son-in-law, img/spain/philip_iv.jpg",
        "Poland, Michael I, Son-in-law, img/poland/michael_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1657.jpg"
    },
    "Leopold I": {
      "name": "Leopold I",
      "image": "img/hre/leopold_i.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1658,
      "end": 1705,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 64",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Received all of Kingdom of Hungary from Turks",
        "Challenged the will of Spanish Charles II leaving Spain to France"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Great Turkish War, 1683-99",
        "Nine Years' War, 1688-97",
        "War of the Spanish Succession"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Louis XIV, Cousin, img/france/louis_xiv.jpg",
        "Spain, Margaret Theresa, Wife & Cousin, img/spain/margaret_theresa.jpg",
        "Portugal, John V, Son-in-law, img/portugal/john_v.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1705.jpg"
    },
    "Joseph I": {
      "name": "Joseph I",
      "image": "img/hre/joseph_i.jpeg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1705,
      "end": 1711,
      "endReason": "Smallpox, 32",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Re-established Austrian hegemony over Italy"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Spanish Succession"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Poland, Augustus III, Son-in-law, img/poland/augustus_iii.png"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1705.jpg"
    },
    "Charles VI": {
      "name": "Charles VI",
      "image": "img/hre/charles_vi.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1711,
      "end": 1740,
      "endReason": "Food poisoning, 55",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Issued Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 establishing daughter Maria Theresa heiress",
        "Ceded overseas trading company in exchange for foreign recognition",
        "Upon death, recognition was reneged, leading to War of the Austrian Succession"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Spanish Succession"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1740.jpg"
    },
    "Charles VII": {
      "name": "Charles VII",
      "image": "img/hre/charles_vii.jpg",
      "house": "Wittelsbach",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/wittelsbach.png",
      "start": 1742,
      "end": 1745,
      "endReason": "Gout, 47",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Elected Holy Roman Emperor over Maria Theresa through Salic Law",
        "Overrun by Austrian Habsburg-Lorraine troops and fled to Frankfurt",
        "Posthumously recognized by Habsburgs as Holy Roman Emperor"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Austrian Succession"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Poland, John III, Grandfather, img/poland/john_iii.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1740.jpg"
    },
    "Francis I": {
      "name": "Francis I",
      "image": "img/hre/francis_i.png",
      "house": "Lorraine",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/lorraine.png",
      "start": 1745,
      "end": 1765,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 56",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Won the War of Austrian Succession with Habsburg wife Maria Theresa",
        "Pursued business while wife managed the affairs of the Empire"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Austrian Succession",
        "Seven Years' War, 1756-63"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Marie Antoinette, Daughter, img/france/marie_antoinette.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1740.jpg"
    },
    "Joseph II": {
      "name": "Joseph II",
      "image": "img/hre/joseph_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg-Lorraine",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1765,
      "end": 1790,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 48",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Valuing the Enlightenment, unsuccessfully attempted reforms",
        "Passed 1783 Edict of Tolerance giving some freedom of religion",
        "Opposed by Hungarian nobles and died ruined and abandoned"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Louis XV, Father-in-law, img/france/louis_xv.jpg",
        "France, Louis XVI, Brother-in-law, img/france/louis_xvi.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1740.jpg"
    },
    "Leopold II": {
      "name": "Leopold II",
      "image": "img/hre/leopold_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg-Lorraine",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1790,
      "end": 1792,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 44",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Publicly vowed to intervene in French Revolution in 1791",
        "Contested for power over Hungary with King of Prussia",
        "Contested for power over Poland with Catherine the Great"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Louis XVI, Brother-in-law, img/france/louis_xvi.jpg",
        "Spain, Charles III, Father-in-law, img/spain/charles_iii.jpg",
        "Sardinia, Charles Albert, Son-in-law, img/italy/charles_albert.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1740.jpg"
    },
    "Francis II": {
      "name": "Francis II",
      "image": "img/hre/francis_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg-Lorraine",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1792,
      "end": 1806,
      "endReason": "Empire dissolved",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Defeated by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz",
        "Founded the Austrian Empire, becoming its first Emperor",
        "Served as first president of German Confederation in 1815"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the 2nd Coalition, 1798-1802",
        "War of the 3rd Coalition, 1803-6",
        "War of the 6th Coalition, 1813-4"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Napoleon I, Son-in-law, img/france/napoleon_i.jpg",
        "Sicily, Ferdinand I, Father-in-law, img/italy/ferdinand_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/hre/1806.jpg"
    }
  },
  "Austria": {
    "Francis I": {
      "name": "Francis I",
      "image": "img/hre/francis_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg-Lorraine",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1804,
      "end": 1835,
      "endReason": "Fever, 67",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after defeat at Austerlitz",
        "Founded the Austrian Empire from the Habsburg Monarchy",
        "Served as first president of German Confederation from 1815"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "France, Napoleon I, Son-in-law, img/france/napoleon_i.jpg",
        "Sicily, Ferdinand I, Father-in-law, img/italy/ferdinand_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/austria/1835.jpg"
    },
    "Ferdinand I": {
      "name": "Ferdinand I",
      "image": "img/austria/ferdinand_i.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg-Lorraine",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1835,
      "end": 1848,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Suffered from seizures, hydrocephaly, and speech impediment",
        "Considered unfit, not allowed to rule independently",
        "Abdicated during Revolutions of 1848 in favor of nephew"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel I, Father-in-law, img/italy/victor_emmanuel_sardinia.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/austria/1835.jpg"
    },
    "Franz Joseph I": {
      "name": "Franz Joseph I",
      "image": "img/austria/franz_joseph_i.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg-Lorraine",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1848,
      "end": 1916,
      "endReason": "Pneumonia, 86",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Lost claim to Tuscany and Northern Italy",
        "Lost the leadership of pan-Germany (German Question) to Prussia",
        "Annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, precipitating World War I"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Italian Wars of Independence",
        "Austro-Prussian War, 1866"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Mexico, Maximilian I, Brother, img/mexico/maximilian_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/austria/1916.jpg"
    },
    "Charles I": {
      "name": "Charles I",
      "image": "img/austria/charles_i.jpg",
      "house": "Habsburg-Lorraine",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/habsburg.png",
      "start": 1916,
      "end": 1918,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Roman Catholic",
      "events": [
        "Abdicated immediately after the armistice of World War I",
        "Banished by the Austrian Parliament passing the Habsburg Law",
        "Attempted to reclaim Hungary, which became a republic"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "World War I, 1914-18"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/austria/1918.jpg"
    }
  },
  "Germany": {
    "Frederick I": {
      "name": "Frederick I",
      "image": "img/germany/frederick_i.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenzollern",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenzollern.png",
      "start": 1701,
      "end": 1713,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 55",
      "religion": "Calvinist",
      "events": [
        "Elevated Prussia to a kingdom through the Crown Treaty of 1700",
        "In exchange, sent 8,000 men into War of Spanish Succession",
        "Styled himself King in Prussia in deference to Poland"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the Spanish Succession"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Dutch Republic, Frederick Henry, Grandfather, img/dutch/frederick_henry.jpg",
        "England, William III, Cousin, img/england/william_iii_and_ii.jpg",
        "England, George I, Brother-in-law, img/england/george_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/germany/1713.jpg"
    },
    "Frederick William I": {
      "name": "Frederick William I",
      "image": "img/germany/frederick_william_i.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenzollern",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenzollern.png",
      "start": 1713,
      "end": 1740,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 51",
      "religion": "Calvinist",
      "events": [
        "Invited Protestant refugees to settled depopulated East Prussia",
        "Invented the Canton System for better military conscription",
        "Austere, left Prussia richer than any of the other German states"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Great Northern War, 1700-21"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, George II, Brother-in-law, img/england/george_ii.jpg",
        "Sweden, Adolf Frederick, Son-in-law, img/sweden/adolf_frederick.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/germany/1740.jpg"
    },
    "Frederick II": {
      "name": "Frederick II",
      "image": "img/germany/frederick_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenzollern",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenzollern.png",
      "start": 1740,
      "end": 1786,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 74",
      "religion": "Calvinist",
      "events": [
        "Declared himself King of Prussia",
        "Gained Polish and Silesian territories from Austria",
        "An 'enlightened absolutist', used power for the good of the people"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Silesian War, Austria, 1740-63",
        "Seven Years' War, 1756-63"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/germany/1785.jpg"
    },
    "Frederick William II": {
      "name": "Frederick William II",
      "image": "img/germany/frederick_william_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenzollern",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenzollern.png",
      "start": 1786,
      "end": 1797,
      "endReason": "Unspecified, 53",
      "religion": "Calvinist",
      "events": [
        "Left Prussia near bankrupt due to his opulent lfiestyle",
        "Acquired more Prussian land with third partition of Poland"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Prussian Invasion of Holland",
        "Austro-Turkish War, 1789",
        "War of the 1st Coalition, 1792"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Netherlands, William I, Son-in-law, img/dutch/william_i_netherlands.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/germany/1797.jpg"
    },
    "Frederick William III": {
      "name": "Frederick William III",
      "image": "img/germany/frederick_william_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenzollern",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenzollern.png",
      "start": 1797,
      "end": 1840,
      "endReason": "Fever, 69",
      "religion": "Calvinist, then Lutheran",
      "events": [
        "His army defeated by Napoleon, he fled to the court of Russia",
        "During the Congress of Vienna, secured territorial increases",
        "Attempted to centralize all Protestant churches under royal control"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the 4th Coalition, 1806",
        "War of the 6th Coalition, 1813"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "Russia, Nicholas I, Son-in-law, img/russia/nicholas_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/germany/1840.jpg"
    },
    "Frederick William IV": {
      "name": "Frederick William IV",
      "image": "img/germany/frederick_william_iv.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenzollern",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenzollern.png",
      "start": 1840,
      "end": 1861,
      "endReason": "Stroke, 65",
      "religion": "Lutheran",
      "events": [
        "A Romantic and conservative, opposed liberalism and socialism",
        "Falsely promised a constitution during the Revolutions of 1848",
        "Vied for pan-German leadership against the Austrian Empire"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "War of the 6th Coalition, 1813"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/germany/1840.jpg"
    },
    "William I": {
      "name": "William I",
      "image": "img/germany/william_i.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenzollern",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenzollern.png",
      "start": 1861,
      "end": 1888,
      "endReason": "Illness, 90",
      "religion": "Lutheran",
      "events": [
        "Settled German Question, taking leadership of pan-Germany",
        "Founded the North German Confederation, then German Empire",
        "Chancelor Otto von Bismarck created network of alliances"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "Second Schleswig War, 1864",
        "Austro-Prussian War, 1866",
        "Franco-Prussian War, 1870"
      ],
      "relationships": [],
      "border": "img/borders/germany/1888.jpg"
    },
    "Frederick III": {
      "name": "Frederick III",
      "image": "img/germany/frederick_iii.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenzollern",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenzollern.png",
      "start": 1888,
      "end": 1888,
      "endReason": "Cancer, 56",
      "religion": "Lutheran",
      "events": [
        "Attempted to reform government and remove office of Chancellor",
        "Inherited throne with terminal cancer, dying after only 9 months",
        "Throne went to son Wilhelm II, who had no liberal tendencies"
      ],
      "wars": [],
      "relationships": [
        "England, Victoria, Mother-in-law, img/england/victoria.jpg",
        "Greece, Constantine I, Son-in-law, img/greece/constantine_i.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/germany/1888.jpg"
    },
    "Wilhelm II": {
      "name": "Wilhelm II",
      "image": "img/germany/wilhelm_ii.jpg",
      "house": "Hohenzollern",
      "houseImage": "img/houses/hohenzollern.png",
      "start": 1888,
      "end": 1918,
      "endReason": "Abdicated",
      "religion": "Lutheran",
      "events": [
        "Immediately dismissed chancelor Otto von Bismarck",
        "Guaranteed support to Austria in 1914, leading to World War I",
        "After defeat, lost the support of the army and the people"
      ],
      "wars": [
        "World War I, 1914-18"
      ],
      "relationships": [
        "England, George V, Cousin, img/england/george_v.jpg",
        "Russia, Nicholas II, Cousin, img/russia/nicholas_ii.jpg",
        "Spain, Victoria Eugenia, Cousin, img/spain/victoria_eugenia.jpg"
      ],
      "border": "img/borders/germany/1918.jpg"
    }
  }
}