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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/hint.css/2.4.1/hint.min.css"><p>最近在看《利用Python进行数据分析·第2版》这本书，根据自己阅读进度，每次阅读后进行总结。可能涉及很多方面，但这不是一篇系统的教程。有兴趣的同学，可以直接去阅读这本书，网上已经有很多电子版，或者阅读其他教程。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="问号使用"><a href="#问号使用" class="headerlink" title="问号使用"></a>问号使用</h2><p>在<code>Jupyter notebook</code>中，<code>?</code>有多种用法。<code>shift + tab</code>也可以显示相关帮助。<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#变量问号</span></span><br><span class="line">In []: b = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>]</span><br><span class="line">In []: b?</span><br><span class="line">Type: list</span><br><span class="line">String Form:[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>]</span><br><span class="line">Length: <span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line">Docstring:</span><br><span class="line">list() -> new empty list</span><br><span class="line">list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#函数问号</span></span><br><span class="line">In []: print?</span><br><span class="line">Docstring:</span><br><span class="line">print(value, ..., sep=<span class="string">' '</span>, end=<span class="string">'\n'</span>, file=sys.stdout, flush=<span class="keyword">False</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Prints the values to a stream, <span class="keyword">or</span> to sys.stdout by default.</span><br><span class="line">Optional keyword arguments:</span><br><span class="line">file: a file-like object (stream); defaults to the current sys.stdout.</span><br><span class="line">sep: string inserted between values, default a space.</span><br><span class="line">end: string appended after the last value, default a newline.</span><br><span class="line">flush: whether to forcibly flush the stream.</span><br><span class="line">Type: builtin_function_or_method</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#函数源码</span></span><br><span class="line">In []: add_numbers??</span><br><span class="line">Signature: add_numbers(a, b)</span><br><span class="line">Source:</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">add_numbers</span><span class="params">(a, b)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> Add two numbers together</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> Returns</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> -------</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> the_sum : type of arguments</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> """</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> a + b</span><br><span class="line">File: <ipython-input<span class="number">-9</span><span class="number">-6</span>a548a216e27></span><br><span class="line">Type: function</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="魔术命令"><a href="#魔术命令" class="headerlink" title="魔术命令"></a>魔术命令</h2><p>以<code>%</code>开头的命令，可以通过<code>%magic</code>和<code>%quickref</code>查看所有命令，只在<code>IPython</code>中。下面列出常用的命令。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>%hist</code></td>
<td>打印命令的输入（输出）历史</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%run</code></td>
<td>运行代码</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%time</code></td>
<td>语句单次执行时间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%timeit</code></td>
<td>语句多次运行平均时间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%xdel</code></td>
<td>删除变量并清空引用</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="格式输出"><a href="#格式输出" class="headerlink" title="格式输出"></a>格式输出</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">%[name][flags][width].[precision]typecode</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>name</code>为命名。</li>
<li><code>flags</code>可以有<code>-</code>,<code>' '</code>或<code>0</code>。默认右对齐。<code>-</code>表示左对齐。<code>' '</code>为一个空格，表示在正数的左侧填充一个空格，从而与负数对齐。<code>0</code>表示使用<code>0</code>填充。</li>
<li><code>width</code>表示显示宽度。</li>
<li><code>precision</code>表示小数点后精度。</li>
<li><code>typecode</code>为类型。</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类型</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>%s</code></td>
<td>字符串 (采用<code>str()</code>的显示)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%r</code></td>
<td>字符串 (采用<code>repr()</code>的显示)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%c</code></td>
<td>单个字符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%b</code></td>
<td>二进制整数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%d</code></td>
<td>十进制整数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%i</code></td>
<td>十进制整数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%o</code></td>
<td>八进制整数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%x</code></td>
<td>十六进制整数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%e</code></td>
<td>指数 (基底写为e)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%E</code></td>
<td>指数 (基底写为E)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%f</code> or <code>%F</code></td>
<td>浮点数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%g</code></td>
<td>指数(e)或浮点数 (根据显示长度)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%G</code></td>
<td>指数(E)或浮点数 (根据显示长度)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%%</code></td>
<td>字符<code>%</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="序列函数"><a href="#序列函数" class="headerlink" title="序列函数"></a>序列函数</h2><h3 id="zip函数"><a href="#zip函数" class="headerlink" title="zip函数"></a><code>zip</code>函数</h3><p><code>zip</code>可以将多个列表、元组或其它序列成对组合成一个元组列表，也可以解压一个序列：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#组合</span></span><br><span class="line">In []: seq1 = [<span class="string">'foo'</span>, <span class="string">'bar'</span>, <span class="string">'baz'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">In []: seq2 = [<span class="string">'one'</span>, <span class="string">'two'</span>, <span class="string">'three'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">In []: list(zip(seq1, seq2))</span><br><span class="line">Out[]: [(<span class="string">'foo'</span>, <span class="string">'one'</span>), (<span class="string">'bar'</span>, <span class="string">'two'</span>), (<span class="string">'baz'</span>, <span class="string">'three'</span>)]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#解压</span></span><br><span class="line">In []: pitchers = [(<span class="string">'Nolan'</span>, <span class="string">'Ryan'</span>), (<span class="string">'Roger'</span>, <span class="string">'Clemens'</span>), (<span class="string">'Schilling'</span>, <span class="string">'Curt'</span>)]</span><br><span class="line">In []: first_names, last_names = zip(*pitchers)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">In []: first_names</span><br><span class="line">Out[]: (<span class="string">'Nolan'</span>, <span class="string">'Roger'</span>, <span class="string">'Schilling'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">In []: last_names</span><br><span class="line">Out[]: (<span class="string">'Ryan'</span>, <span class="string">'Clemens'</span>, <span class="string">'Curt'</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="sort与sorted"><a href="#sort与sorted" class="headerlink" title="sort与sorted"></a><code>sort</code>与<code>sorted</code></h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">In []: [<span class="number">7</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">2</span>].sort()</span><br><span class="line">Out[]: [<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">7</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">In []: sorted([<span class="number">7</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">2</span>])</span><br><span class="line">Out[]: [<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">7</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<div style="text-align:center;color: #ccc;font-size:14px;">-------------本文结束<i class="fa fa-paw"></i>感谢您的阅读-------------</div>
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