contract.sol

///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: /app/contracts/Indelible.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import "erc721a/contracts/ERC721A.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import "solady/src/utils/LibPRNG.sol";
import "solady/src/utils/Base64.sol";
import {DefaultOperatorFilterer} from "./DefaultOperatorFilterer.sol";
import "./SSTORE2.sol";
import "./DynamicBuffer.sol";
import "./HelperLib.sol";

contract Indelible is ERC721A, DefaultOperatorFilterer, ReentrancyGuard, Ownable {
    using HelperLib for uint;
    using DynamicBuffer for bytes;
    using LibPRNG for *;
    
    struct LinkedTraitDTO {
        uint[] traitA;
        uint[] traitB;
    }
    
    struct TraitDTO {
        string name;
        string mimetype;
        bytes data;
        bool hide;
        bool useExistingData;
        uint existingDataIndex;
    }
    
    struct Trait {
        string name;
        string mimetype;
        bool hide;
    }
    
    struct ContractData {
        string name;
        string description;
        string image;
        string banner;
        string website;
        uint royalties;
        string royaltiesRecipient;
    }
    
    struct WithdrawRecipient {
        string name;
        string imageUrl;
        address recipientAddress;
        uint percentage;
    }

    mapping(uint => address[]) private _traitDataPointers;
    mapping(uint => mapping(uint => Trait)) private _traitDetails;
    mapping(uint => bool) private _renderTokenOffChain;
    mapping(uint => mapping(uint => uint[])) private _linkedTraits;
    
    uint private constant DEVELOPER_FEE = 250; // of 10,000 = 2.5%
    uint private constant MAX_BATCH_MINT = 20;

    uint[] private primeNumbers = [
        947803185312051153680939138255132052147806649202034860102891,
        192516593828483755313857340433869706973450072701701194101197,
        121937390920146269387636233026547222240097190277750874729107,
        197636338835913099229515612260127815566058069514897730698607,
        445730560699308616878100110185308606331080346485121531052089,
        320078828389115961650782679700072873328499789823998523466099,
        153761362786647109825322724558215431057092100535325989154943
    ];
    uint[][7] private tiers;
    string[] private layerNames = [unicode"Hat", unicode"Mouth", unicode"Eyes", unicode"Head", unicode"Neck", unicode"Coat", unicode"Background"];
    bool private shouldWrapSVG = true;
    string private backgroundColor = "transparent";
    uint private randomSeed;
    bytes32 private merkleRoot = 0;
    string private networkId = "1";

    bool public isContractSealed;
    uint public maxSupply = 1111;
    uint public maxPerAddress = 10;
    uint public publicMintPrice = 0.005 ether;
    string public baseURI;
    bool public isPublicMintActive;
    uint public allowListPrice = 0.003 ether;
    uint public maxPerAllowList = 5;
    bool public isAllowListActive;

    ContractData public contractData = ContractData(unicode"Cute Kevin", unicode"1,111 Cute Kevins ready to go out and take over the PFP scene. All on-chain, these little Kevins are too cute to burn. The more Cute Kevins you hold the better your chance of winning the prizes and giveaways!", "https://indeliblelabs-prod.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/profile/9e31b41a-3c49-49a6-a3be-11a5c91d0969", "https://indeliblelabs-prod.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/banner/9e31b41a-3c49-49a6-a3be-11a5c91d0969", "", 500, "0x42f575Ebe22D4be35fE9e5906C7736416D70e58E");
    WithdrawRecipient[] public withdrawRecipients;

    constructor() ERC721A(unicode"Cute Kevin", unicode"CUTE") {
        tiers[0] = [15,50,80,92,100,138,148,149,164,175];
        tiers[1] = [130,151,166,200,209,255];
        tiers[2] = [10,20,30,40,50,59,64,80,100,105,179,181,193];
        tiers[3] = [4,127,184,194,205,397];
        tiers[4] = [1,50,100,200,760];
        tiers[5] = [5,30,52,95,164,165,300,300];
        tiers[6] = [10,10,43,80,90,90,90,100,100,123,175,200];
        
        randomSeed = uint(
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    tx.gasprice,
                    block.number,
                    block.timestamp,
                    block.difficulty,
                    blockhash(block.number - 1),
                    msg.sender
                )
            )
        );
    }

    modifier whenMintActive() {
        require(isMintActive(), "Minting is not active");
        _;
    }

    modifier whenUnsealed() {
        require(!isContractSealed, "Contract is sealed");
        _;
    }

    receive() external payable {
        require(isPublicMintActive, "Public minting is not active");
        handleMint(msg.value / publicMintPrice, msg.sender);
    }

    function rarityGen(uint randinput, uint rarityTier)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        uint currentLowerBound = 0;
        for (uint i = 0; i < tiers[rarityTier].length; i++) {
            uint thisPercentage = tiers[rarityTier][i];
            if (
                randinput >= currentLowerBound &&
                randinput < currentLowerBound + thisPercentage
            ) return i;
            currentLowerBound = currentLowerBound + thisPercentage;
        }

        revert();
    }

    function getTokenDataId(uint tokenId) internal view returns (uint) {
        uint[] memory indices = new uint[](maxSupply);

        unchecked {
            for (uint i; i < maxSupply; i += 1) {
                indices[i] = i;
            }
        }

        LibPRNG.PRNG memory prng;
        prng.seed(randomSeed);
        prng.shuffle(indices);

        return indices[tokenId];
    }

    function tokenIdToHash(
        uint tokenId
    ) public view returns (string memory) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "Invalid token");
        bytes memory hashBytes = DynamicBuffer.allocate(tiers.length * 4);
        uint tokenDataId = getTokenDataId(tokenId);

        uint[] memory hash = new uint[](tiers.length);
        bool[] memory modifiedLayers = new bool[](tiers.length);
        uint traitSeed = randomSeed % maxSupply;

        for (uint i = 0; i < tiers.length; i++) {
            uint traitIndex = hash[i];
            if (modifiedLayers[i] == false) {
                uint traitRangePosition = ((tokenDataId + i + traitSeed) * primeNumbers[i]) % maxSupply;
                traitIndex = rarityGen(traitRangePosition, i);
                hash[i] = traitIndex;
            }

            if (_linkedTraits[i][traitIndex].length > 0) {
                hash[_linkedTraits[i][traitIndex][0]] = _linkedTraits[i][traitIndex][1];
                modifiedLayers[_linkedTraits[i][traitIndex][0]] = true;
            }
        }

        for (uint i = 0; i < hash.length; i++) {
            if (hash[i] < 10) {
                hashBytes.appendSafe("00");
            } else if (hash[i] < 100) {
                hashBytes.appendSafe("0");
            }
            if (hash[i] > 999) {
                hashBytes.appendSafe("999");
            } else {
                hashBytes.appendSafe(bytes(_toString(hash[i])));
            }
        }

        return string(hashBytes);
    }

    function handleMint(uint count, address recipient) internal whenMintActive returns (uint) {
        uint totalMinted = _totalMinted();
        require(count > 0, "Invalid token count");
        require(totalMinted + count <= maxSupply, "All tokens are gone");

        if (isPublicMintActive) {
            if (msg.sender != owner()) {
                require(_numberMinted(msg.sender) + count <= maxPerAddress, "Exceeded max mints allowed");
                require(count * publicMintPrice == msg.value, "Incorrect amount of ether sent");
            }
            require(msg.sender == tx.origin, "EOAs only");
        }

        uint batchCount = count / MAX_BATCH_MINT;
        uint remainder = count % MAX_BATCH_MINT;

        for (uint i = 0; i < batchCount; i++) {
            _mint(recipient, MAX_BATCH_MINT);
        }

        if (remainder > 0) {
            _mint(recipient, remainder);
        }

        return totalMinted;
    }

    function mint(uint count, bytes32[] calldata merkleProof)
        external
        payable
        nonReentrant
        whenMintActive
        returns (uint)
    {
        if (!isPublicMintActive && msg.sender != owner()) {
            require(onAllowList(msg.sender, merkleProof), "Not on allow list");
            require(_numberMinted(msg.sender) + count <= maxPerAllowList, "Exceeded max mints allowed");
            require(count * allowListPrice == msg.value, "Incorrect amount of ether sent");
        }
        return handleMint(count, msg.sender);
    }

    function airdrop(uint count, address recipient)
        external
        payable
        nonReentrant
        whenMintActive
        returns (uint)
    {
        require(isPublicMintActive || msg.sender == owner(), "Public minting is not active");
        return handleMint(count, recipient);
    }

    function isMintActive() public view returns (bool) {
        return _totalMinted() < maxSupply && (isPublicMintActive || isAllowListActive || msg.sender == owner());
    }

    function hashToSVG(string memory _hash)
        public
        view
        returns (string memory)
    {
        uint thisTraitIndex;
        
        bytes memory svgBytes = DynamicBuffer.allocate(1024 * 128);
        svgBytes.appendSafe('<svg width="1200" height="1200" viewBox="0 0 1200 1200" version="1.2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="background-color:');
        svgBytes.appendSafe(
            abi.encodePacked(
                backgroundColor,
                ";background-image:url("
            )
        );

        for (uint i = 0; i < tiers.length - 1; i++) {
            thisTraitIndex = HelperLib.parseInt(
                HelperLib._substring(_hash, (i * 3), (i * 3) + 3)
            );
            svgBytes.appendSafe(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    "data:",
                    _traitDetails[i][thisTraitIndex].mimetype,
                    ";base64,",
                    Base64.encode(SSTORE2.read(_traitDataPointers[i][thisTraitIndex])),
                    "),url("
                )
            );
        }

        thisTraitIndex = HelperLib.parseInt(
            HelperLib._substring(_hash, (tiers.length * 3) - 3, tiers.length * 3)
        );
            
        svgBytes.appendSafe(
            abi.encodePacked(
                "data:",
                _traitDetails[tiers.length - 1][thisTraitIndex].mimetype,
                ";base64,",
                Base64.encode(SSTORE2.read(_traitDataPointers[tiers.length - 1][thisTraitIndex])),
                ');background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;background-position:center;image-rendering:-webkit-optimize-contrast;-ms-interpolation-mode:nearest-neighbor;image-rendering:-moz-crisp-edges;image-rendering:pixelated;"></svg>'
            )
        );

        return string(
            abi.encodePacked(
                "data:image/svg+xml;base64,",
                Base64.encode(svgBytes)
            )
        );
    }

    function hashToMetadata(string memory _hash)
        public
        view
        returns (string memory)
    {
        bytes memory metadataBytes = DynamicBuffer.allocate(1024 * 128);
        metadataBytes.appendSafe("[");
        bool afterFirstTrait;

        for (uint i = 0; i < tiers.length; i++) {
            uint thisTraitIndex = HelperLib.parseInt(
                HelperLib._substring(_hash, (i * 3), (i * 3) + 3)
            );
            if (_traitDetails[i][thisTraitIndex].hide == false) {
                if (afterFirstTrait) {
                    metadataBytes.appendSafe(",");
                }
                metadataBytes.appendSafe(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        '{"trait_type":"',
                        layerNames[i],
                        '","value":"',
                        _traitDetails[i][thisTraitIndex].name,
                        '"}'
                    )
                );
                if (afterFirstTrait == false) {
                    afterFirstTrait = true;
                }
            }

            if (i == tiers.length - 1) {
                metadataBytes.appendSafe("]");
            }
        }

        return string(metadataBytes);
    }

    function onAllowList(address addr, bytes32[] calldata merkleProof) public view returns (bool) {
        return MerkleProof.verify(merkleProof, merkleRoot, keccak256(abi.encodePacked(addr)));
    }

    function tokenURI(uint tokenId)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (string memory)
    {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "Invalid token");
        require(_traitDataPointers[0].length > 0,  "Traits have not been added");

        string memory tokenHash = tokenIdToHash(tokenId);

        bytes memory jsonBytes = DynamicBuffer.allocate(1024 * 128);

        jsonBytes.appendSafe(
            abi.encodePacked(
                '{"name":"',
                contractData.name,
                " #",
                _toString(tokenId),
                '","description":"',
                contractData.description,
                '",'
            )
        );

        if (bytes(baseURI).length > 0 && _renderTokenOffChain[tokenId]) {
            jsonBytes.appendSafe(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    '"image":"',
                    baseURI,
                    _toString(tokenId),
                    "?dna=",
                    tokenHash,
                    '&networkId=',
                    networkId,
                    '",'
                )
            );
        } else {
            string memory svgCode = "";
            if (shouldWrapSVG) {
                string memory svgString = hashToSVG(tokenHash);
                svgCode = string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        "data:image/svg+xml;base64,",
                        Base64.encode(
                            abi.encodePacked(
                                '<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 1200 1200" version="1.2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><image width="1200" height="1200" href="',
                                svgString,
                                '"></image></svg>'
                            )
                        )
                    )
                );
            } else {
                svgCode = hashToSVG(tokenHash);
            }

            jsonBytes.appendSafe(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    '"image_data":"',
                    svgCode,
                    '",'
                )
            );
        }

        jsonBytes.appendSafe(
            abi.encodePacked(
                '"attributes":',
                hashToMetadata(tokenHash),
                "}"
            )
        );

        return string(
            abi.encodePacked(
                "data:application/json;base64,",
                Base64.encode(jsonBytes)
            )
        );
    }

    function contractURI()
        public
        view
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return string(
            abi.encodePacked(
                "data:application/json;base64,",
                Base64.encode(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        '{"name":"',
                        contractData.name,
                        '","description":"',
                        contractData.description,
                        '","image":"',
                        contractData.image,
                        '","banner":"',
                        contractData.banner,
                        '","external_link":"',
                        contractData.website,
                        '","seller_fee_basis_points":',
                        _toString(contractData.royalties),
                        ',"fee_recipient":"',
                        contractData.royaltiesRecipient,
                        '"}'
                    )
                )
            )
        );
    }

    function tokenIdToSVG(uint tokenId)
        public
        view
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return hashToSVG(tokenIdToHash(tokenId));
    }

    function traitDetails(uint layerIndex, uint traitIndex)
        public
        view
        returns (Trait memory)
    {
        return _traitDetails[layerIndex][traitIndex];
    }

    function traitData(uint layerIndex, uint traitIndex)
        public
        view
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return SSTORE2.read(_traitDataPointers[layerIndex][traitIndex]);
    }

    function getLinkedTraits(uint layerIndex, uint traitIndex)
        public
        view
        returns (uint[] memory)
    {
        return _linkedTraits[layerIndex][traitIndex];
    }

    function addLayer(uint layerIndex, TraitDTO[] memory traits)
        public
        onlyOwner
        whenUnsealed
    {
        require(tiers[layerIndex].length == traits.length, "Traits length is incorrect");
        address[] memory dataPointers = new address[](traits.length);
        for (uint i = 0; i < traits.length; i++) {
            if (traits[i].useExistingData) {
                dataPointers[i] = dataPointers[traits[i].existingDataIndex];
            } else {
                dataPointers[i] = SSTORE2.write(traits[i].data);
            }
            _traitDetails[layerIndex][i] = Trait(traits[i].name, traits[i].mimetype, traits[i].hide);
        }
        _traitDataPointers[layerIndex] = dataPointers;
        return;
    }

    function addTrait(uint layerIndex, uint traitIndex, TraitDTO memory trait)
        public
        onlyOwner
        whenUnsealed
    {
        _traitDetails[layerIndex][traitIndex] = Trait(trait.name, trait.mimetype, trait.hide);
        address[] memory dataPointers = _traitDataPointers[layerIndex];
        if (trait.useExistingData) {
            dataPointers[traitIndex] = dataPointers[trait.existingDataIndex];
        } else {
            dataPointers[traitIndex] = SSTORE2.write(trait.data);
        }
        _traitDataPointers[layerIndex] = dataPointers;
        return;
    }

    function setLinkedTraits(LinkedTraitDTO[] memory linkedTraits)
        public
        onlyOwner
        whenUnsealed
    {
        for (uint i = 0; i < linkedTraits.length; i++) {
            _linkedTraits[linkedTraits[i].traitA[0]][linkedTraits[i].traitA[1]] = [linkedTraits[i].traitB[0],linkedTraits[i].traitB[1]];
        }
    }

    function setContractData(ContractData memory data) external onlyOwner whenUnsealed {
        contractData = data;
    }

    function setMaxPerAddress(uint max) external onlyOwner {
        maxPerAddress = max;
    }

    function setBaseURI(string memory uri) external onlyOwner {
        baseURI = uri;
    }

    function setBackgroundColor(string memory color) external onlyOwner whenUnsealed {
        backgroundColor = color;
    }

    function setRenderOfTokenId(uint tokenId, bool renderOffChain) external {
        require(msg.sender == ownerOf(tokenId), "Not token owner");
        _renderTokenOffChain[tokenId] = renderOffChain;
    }

    function setMerkleRoot(bytes32 newMerkleRoot) external onlyOwner {
        merkleRoot = newMerkleRoot;
    }

    function setMaxPerAllowList(uint max) external onlyOwner {
        maxPerAllowList = max;
    }

    function setAllowListPrice(uint price) external onlyOwner {
        allowListPrice = price;
    }

    function toggleAllowListMint() external onlyOwner {
        isAllowListActive = !isAllowListActive;
    }

    function toggleOperatorFilter() external onlyOwner {
        isOperatorFilterEnabled = !isOperatorFilterEnabled;
    }

    function toggleWrapSVG() external onlyOwner {
        shouldWrapSVG = !shouldWrapSVG;
    }

    function togglePublicMint() external onlyOwner {
        isPublicMintActive = !isPublicMintActive;
    }

    function sealContract() external whenUnsealed onlyOwner {
        isContractSealed = true;
    }

    function withdraw() external onlyOwner nonReentrant {
        uint balance = address(this).balance;
        uint amount = (balance * (10000 - DEVELOPER_FEE)) / 10000;
        uint distAmount = 0;
        uint totalDistributionPercentage = 0;

        address payable receiver = payable(owner());
        address payable dev = payable(0xEA208Da933C43857683C04BC76e3FD331D7bfdf7);
        Address.sendValue(dev, balance - amount);

        if (withdrawRecipients.length > 0) {
            for (uint i = 0; i < withdrawRecipients.length; i++) {
                totalDistributionPercentage = totalDistributionPercentage + withdrawRecipients[i].percentage;
                address payable currRecepient = payable(withdrawRecipients[i].recipientAddress);
                distAmount = (amount * (10000 - withdrawRecipients[i].percentage)) / 10000;

                Address.sendValue(currRecepient, amount - distAmount);
            }
        }
        balance = address(this).balance;
        Address.sendValue(receiver, balance);
    }

    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint tokenId)
        public
        payable
        override
        onlyAllowedOperator(from)
    {
        super.transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint tokenId)
        public
        payable
        override
        onlyAllowedOperator(from)
    {
        super.safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint tokenId, bytes memory data)
        public
        payable
        override
        onlyAllowedOperator(from)
    {
        super.safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: /app/contracts/DefaultOperatorFilterer.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {OperatorFilterer} from "./OperatorFilterer.sol";

abstract contract DefaultOperatorFilterer is OperatorFilterer {
    address constant DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION = address(0x3cc6CddA760b79bAfa08dF41ECFA224f810dCeB6);

    constructor() OperatorFilterer(DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION, true) {}
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: /app/contracts/DynamicBuffer.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Copyright (c) 2021 the ethier authors (github.com/divergencetech/ethier)

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/// @title DynamicBuffer
/// @author David Huber (@cxkoda) and Simon Fremaux (@dievardump). See also
///         https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dievardump/solidity-dynamic-buffer
/// @notice This library is used to allocate a big amount of container memory
//          which will be subsequently filled without needing to reallocate
///         memory.
/// @dev First, allocate memory.
///      Then use `buffer.appendUnchecked(theBytes)` or `appendSafe()` if
///      bounds checking is required.
library DynamicBuffer {
    /// @notice Allocates container space for the DynamicBuffer
    /// @param capacity The intended max amount of bytes in the buffer
    /// @return buffer The memory location of the buffer
    /// @dev Allocates `capacity + 0x60` bytes of space
    ///      The buffer array starts at the first container data position,
    ///      (i.e. `buffer = container + 0x20`)
    function allocate(uint256 capacity)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory buffer)
    {
        assembly {
            // Get next-free memory address
            let container := mload(0x40)

            // Allocate memory by setting a new next-free address
            {
                // Add 2 x 32 bytes in size for the two length fields
                // Add 32 bytes safety space for 32B chunked copy
                let size := add(capacity, 0x60)
                let newNextFree := add(container, size)
                mstore(0x40, newNextFree)
            }

            // Set the correct container length
            {
                let length := add(capacity, 0x40)
                mstore(container, length)
            }

            // The buffer starts at idx 1 in the container (0 is length)
            buffer := add(container, 0x20)

            // Init content with length 0
            mstore(buffer, 0)
        }

        return buffer;
    }

    /// @notice Appends data to buffer, and update buffer length
    /// @param buffer the buffer to append the data to
    /// @param data the data to append
    /// @dev Does not perform out-of-bound checks (container capacity)
    ///      for efficiency.
    function appendUnchecked(bytes memory buffer, bytes memory data)
        internal
        pure
    {
        assembly {
            let length := mload(data)
            for {
                data := add(data, 0x20)
                let dataEnd := add(data, length)
                let copyTo := add(buffer, add(mload(buffer), 0x20))
            } lt(data, dataEnd) {
                data := add(data, 0x20)
                copyTo := add(copyTo, 0x20)
            } {
                // Copy 32B chunks from data to buffer.
                // This may read over data array boundaries and copy invalid
                // bytes, which doesn't matter in the end since we will
                // later set the correct buffer length, and have allocated an
                // additional word to avoid buffer overflow.
                mstore(copyTo, mload(data))
            }

            // Update buffer length
            mstore(buffer, add(mload(buffer), length))
        }
    }

    /// @notice Appends data to buffer, and update buffer length
    /// @param buffer the buffer to append the data to
    /// @param data the data to append
    /// @dev Performs out-of-bound checks and calls `appendUnchecked`.
    function appendSafe(bytes memory buffer, bytes memory data) internal pure {
        uint256 capacity;
        uint256 length;
        assembly {
            capacity := sub(mload(sub(buffer, 0x20)), 0x40)
            length := mload(buffer)
        }

        require(
            length + data.length <= capacity,
            "DynamicBuffer: Appending out of bounds."
        );
        appendUnchecked(buffer, data);
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: /app/contracts/HelperLib.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.14;

library HelperLib {
    function parseInt(string memory _a)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint8 _parsedInt)
    {
        bytes memory bresult = bytes(_a);
        uint8 mint = 0;
        for (uint8 i = 0; i < bresult.length; i++) {
            if (
                (uint8(uint8(bresult[i])) >= 48) &&
                (uint8(uint8(bresult[i])) <= 57)
            ) {
                mint *= 10;
                mint += uint8(bresult[i]) - 48;
            }
        }
        return mint;
    }

    function _substring(
        string memory str,
        uint256 startIndex,
        uint256 endIndex
    ) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory strBytes = bytes(str);
        bytes memory result = new bytes(endIndex - startIndex);
        for (uint256 i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
            result[i - startIndex] = strBytes[i];
        }
        return string(result);
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: /app/contracts/IOperatorFilterRegistry.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

interface IOperatorFilterRegistry {
    function isOperatorAllowed(address registrant, address operator) external view returns (bool);
    function register(address registrant) external;
    function registerAndSubscribe(address registrant, address subscription) external;
    function registerAndCopyEntries(address registrant, address registrantToCopy) external;
    function updateOperator(address registrant, address operator, bool filtered) external;
    function updateOperators(address registrant, address[] calldata operators, bool filtered) external;
    function updateCodeHash(address registrant, bytes32 codehash, bool filtered) external;
    function updateCodeHashes(address registrant, bytes32[] calldata codeHashes, bool filtered) external;
    function subscribe(address registrant, address registrantToSubscribe) external;
    function unsubscribe(address registrant, bool copyExistingEntries) external;
    function subscriptionOf(address addr) external returns (address registrant);
    function subscribers(address registrant) external returns (address[] memory);
    function subscriberAt(address registrant, uint256 index) external returns (address);
    function copyEntriesOf(address registrant, address registrantToCopy) external;
    function isOperatorFiltered(address registrant, address operator) external returns (bool);
    function isCodeHashOfFiltered(address registrant, address operatorWithCode) external returns (bool);
    function isCodeHashFiltered(address registrant, bytes32 codeHash) external returns (bool);
    function filteredOperators(address addr) external returns (address[] memory);
    function filteredCodeHashes(address addr) external returns (bytes32[] memory);
    function filteredOperatorAt(address registrant, uint256 index) external returns (address);
    function filteredCodeHashAt(address registrant, uint256 index) external returns (bytes32);
    function isRegistered(address addr) external returns (bool);
    function codeHashOf(address addr) external returns (bytes32);
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: /app/contracts/OperatorFilterer.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {IOperatorFilterRegistry} from "./IOperatorFilterRegistry.sol";

abstract contract OperatorFilterer {
    error OperatorNotAllowed(address operator);

    bool public isOperatorFilterEnabled = true;
    IOperatorFilterRegistry constant operatorFilterRegistry =
        IOperatorFilterRegistry(0x000000000000AAeB6D7670E522A718067333cd4E);

    constructor(address subscriptionOrRegistrantToCopy, bool subscribe) {
        // If an inheriting token contract is deployed to a network without the registry deployed, the modifier
        // will not revert, but the contract will need to be registered with the registry once it is deployed in
        // order for the modifier to filter addresses.
        if (address(operatorFilterRegistry).code.length > 0) {
            if (subscribe) {
                operatorFilterRegistry.registerAndSubscribe(address(this), subscriptionOrRegistrantToCopy);
            } else {
                if (subscriptionOrRegistrantToCopy != address(0)) {
                    operatorFilterRegistry.registerAndCopyEntries(address(this), subscriptionOrRegistrantToCopy);
                } else {
                    operatorFilterRegistry.register(address(this));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    modifier onlyAllowedOperator(address from) virtual {
        // Check if filter operator is enabled
        if (!isOperatorFilterEnabled) {
            _;
            return;
        }
        // Check registry code length to facilitate testing in environments without a deployed registry.
        if (address(operatorFilterRegistry).code.length > 0) {
            // Allow spending tokens from addresses with balance
            // Note that this still allows listings and marketplaces with escrow to transfer tokens if transferred
            // from an EOA.
            if (from == msg.sender) {
                _;
                return;
            }
            if (
                !(
                    operatorFilterRegistry.isOperatorAllowed(address(this), msg.sender)
                        && operatorFilterRegistry.isOperatorAllowed(address(this), from)
                )
            ) {
                revert OperatorNotAllowed(msg.sender);
            }
        }
        _;
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: /app/contracts/SSTORE2.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./utils/Bytecode.sol";

/**
  @title A key-value storage with auto-generated keys for storing chunks of data with a lower write & read cost.
  @author Agustin Aguilar <aa@horizon.io>

  Readme: https://github.com/0xsequence/sstore2#readme
*/
library SSTORE2 {
  error WriteError();

  /**
    @notice Stores `_data` and returns `pointer` as key for later retrieval
    @dev The pointer is a contract address with `_data` as code
    @param _data to be written
    @return pointer Pointer to the written `_data`
  */
  function write(bytes memory _data) internal returns (address pointer) {
    // Append 00 to _data so contract can't be called
    // Build init code
    bytes memory code = Bytecode.creationCodeFor(
      abi.encodePacked(
        hex'00',
        _data
      )
    );

    // Deploy contract using create
    assembly { pointer := create(0, add(code, 32), mload(code)) }

    // Address MUST be non-zero
    if (pointer == address(0)) revert WriteError();
  }

  /**
    @notice Reads the contents of the `_pointer` code as data, skips the first byte 
    @dev The function is intended for reading pointers generated by `write`
    @param _pointer to be read
    @return data read from `_pointer` contract
  */
  function read(address _pointer) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
    return Bytecode.codeAt(_pointer, 1, type(uint256).max);
  }

  /**
    @notice Reads the contents of the `_pointer` code as data, skips the first byte 
    @dev The function is intended for reading pointers generated by `write`
    @param _pointer to be read
    @param _start number of bytes to skip
    @return data read from `_pointer` contract
  */
  function read(address _pointer, uint256 _start) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
    return Bytecode.codeAt(_pointer, _start + 1, type(uint256).max);
  }

  /**
    @notice Reads the contents of the `_pointer` code as data, skips the first byte 
    @dev The function is intended for reading pointers generated by `write`
    @param _pointer to be read
    @param _start number of bytes to skip
    @param _end index before which to end extraction
    @return data read from `_pointer` contract
  */
  function read(address _pointer, uint256 _start, uint256 _end) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
    return Bytecode.codeAt(_pointer, _start + 1, _end + 1);
  }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: /app/contracts/utils/Bytecode.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


library Bytecode {
  error InvalidCodeAtRange(uint256 _size, uint256 _start, uint256 _end);

  /**
    @notice Generate a creation code that results on a contract with `_code` as bytecode
    @param _code The returning value of the resulting `creationCode`
    @return creationCode (constructor) for new contract
  */
  function creationCodeFor(bytes memory _code) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
    /*
      0x00    0x63         0x63XXXXXX  PUSH4 _code.length  size
      0x01    0x80         0x80        DUP1                size size
      0x02    0x60         0x600e      PUSH1 14            14 size size
      0x03    0x60         0x6000      PUSH1 00            0 14 size size
      0x04    0x39         0x39        CODECOPY            size
      0x05    0x60         0x6000      PUSH1 00            0 size
      0x06    0xf3         0xf3        RETURN
      <CODE>
    */

    return abi.encodePacked(
      hex"63",
      uint32(_code.length),
      hex"80_60_0E_60_00_39_60_00_F3",
      _code
    );
  }

  /**
    @notice Returns the size of the code on a given address
    @param _addr Address that may or may not contain code
    @return size of the code on the given `_addr`
  */
  function codeSize(address _addr) internal view returns (uint256 size) {
    assembly { size := extcodesize(_addr) }
  }

  /**
    @notice Returns the code of a given address
    @dev It will fail if `_end < _start`
    @param _addr Address that may or may not contain code
    @param _start number of bytes of code to skip on read
    @param _end index before which to end extraction
    @return oCode read from `_addr` deployed bytecode

    Forked from: https://gist.github.com/KardanovIR/fe98661df9338c842b4a30306d507fbd
  */
  function codeAt(address _addr, uint256 _start, uint256 _end) internal view returns (bytes memory oCode) {
    uint256 csize = codeSize(_addr);
    if (csize == 0) return bytes("");

    if (_start > csize) return bytes("");
    if (_end < _start) revert InvalidCodeAtRange(csize, _start, _end); 

    unchecked {
      uint256 reqSize = _end - _start;
      uint256 maxSize = csize - _start;

      uint256 size = maxSize < reqSize ? maxSize : reqSize;

      assembly {
        // allocate output byte array - this could also be done without assembly
        // by using o_code = new bytes(size)
        oCode := mload(0x40)
        // new "memory end" including padding
        mstore(0x40, add(oCode, and(add(add(size, 0x20), 0x1f), not(0x1f))))
        // store length in memory
        mstore(oCode, size)
        // actually retrieve the code, this needs assembly
        extcodecopy(_addr, add(oCode, 0x20), _start, size)
      }
    }
  }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}


///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }
}


///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}


///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}


///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Tree proofs.
 *
 * The tree and the proofs can be generated using our
 * https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/merkle-tree[JavaScript library].
 * You will find a quickstart guide in the readme.
 *
 * WARNING: You should avoid using leaf values that are 64 bytes long prior to
 * hashing, or use a hash function other than keccak256 for hashing leaves.
 * This is because the concatenation of a sorted pair of internal nodes in
 * the merkle tree could be reinterpreted as a leaf value.
 * OpenZeppelin's JavaScript library generates merkle trees that are safe
 * against this attack out of the box.
 */
library MerkleProof {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
     * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
     * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
     * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     */
    function verify(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32 leaf
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {verify}
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function verifyCalldata(
        bytes32[] calldata proof,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32 leaf
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProofCalldata(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merkle tree up
     * from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
     * hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
     * of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     *
     * _Available since v4.4._
     */
    function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
        }
        return computedHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {processProof}
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function processProofCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
        }
        return computedHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the `leaves` can be simultaneously proven to be a part of a merkle tree defined by
     * `root`, according to `proof` and `proofFlags` as described in {processMultiProof}.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function multiProofVerify(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bool[] memory proofFlags,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processMultiProof(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {multiProofVerify}
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function multiProofVerifyCalldata(
        bytes32[] calldata proof,
        bool[] calldata proofFlags,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processMultiProofCalldata(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the root of a tree reconstructed from `leaves` and sibling nodes in `proof`. The reconstruction
     * proceeds by incrementally reconstructing all inner nodes by combining a leaf/inner node with either another
     * leaf/inner node or a proof sibling node, depending on whether each `proofFlags` item is true or false
     * respectively.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. To use multiproofs, it is sufficient to ensure that: 1) the tree
     * is complete (but not necessarily perfect), 2) the leaves to be proven are in the opposite order they are in the
     * tree (i.e., as seen from right to left starting at the deepest layer and continuing at the next layer).
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function processMultiProof(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bool[] memory proofFlags,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
        // This function rebuild the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
        // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
        // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
        // the merkle tree.
        uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
        uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;

        // Check proof validity.
        require(leavesLen + proof.length - 1 == totalHashes, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");

        // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
        // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
        bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
        uint256 leafPos = 0;
        uint256 hashPos = 0;
        uint256 proofPos = 0;
        // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
        // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
        //   get the next hash.
        // - depending on the flag, either another value for the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
        //   `proof` array.
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
            bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
            bytes32 b = proofFlags[i] ? leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++] : proof[proofPos++];
            hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
        }

        if (totalHashes > 0) {
            return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
        } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
            return leaves[0];
        } else {
            return proof[0];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {processMultiProof}.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function processMultiProofCalldata(
        bytes32[] calldata proof,
        bool[] calldata proofFlags,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
        // This function rebuild the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
        // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
        // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
        // the merkle tree.
        uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
        uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;

        // Check proof validity.
        require(leavesLen + proof.length - 1 == totalHashes, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");

        // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
        // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
        bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
        uint256 leafPos = 0;
        uint256 hashPos = 0;
        uint256 proofPos = 0;
        // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
        // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
        //   get the next hash.
        // - depending on the flag, either another value for the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
        //   `proof` array.
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
            bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
            bytes32 b = proofFlags[i] ? leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++] : proof[proofPos++];
            hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
        }

        if (totalHashes > 0) {
            return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
        } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
            return leaves[0];
        } else {
            return proof[0];
        }
    }

    function _hashPair(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32) {
        return a < b ? _efficientHash(a, b) : _efficientHash(b, a);
    }

    function _efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, a)
            mstore(0x20, b)
            value := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
        }
    }
}


///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: erc721a/contracts/ERC721A.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.2.3
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import './IERC721A.sol';

/**
 * @dev Interface of ERC721 token receiver.
 */
interface ERC721A__IERC721Receiver {
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

/**
 * @title ERC721A
 *
 * @dev Implementation of the [ERC721](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721)
 * Non-Fungible Token Standard, including the Metadata extension.
 * Optimized for lower gas during batch mints.
 *
 * Token IDs are minted in sequential order (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...)
 * starting from `_startTokenId()`.
 *
 * Assumptions:
 *
 * - An owner cannot have more than 2**64 - 1 (max value of uint64) of supply.
 * - The maximum token ID cannot exceed 2**256 - 1 (max value of uint256).
 */
contract ERC721A is IERC721A {
    // Bypass for a `--via-ir` bug (https://github.com/chiru-labs/ERC721A/pull/364).
    struct TokenApprovalRef {
        address value;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                           CONSTANTS
    // =============================================================

    // Mask of an entry in packed address data.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY = (1 << 64) - 1;

    // The bit position of `numberMinted` in packed address data.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED = 64;

    // The bit position of `numberBurned` in packed address data.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED = 128;

    // The bit position of `aux` in packed address data.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_AUX = 192;

    // Mask of all 256 bits in packed address data except the 64 bits for `aux`.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 192) - 1;

    // The bit position of `startTimestamp` in packed ownership.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP = 160;

    // The bit mask of the `burned` bit in packed ownership.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_BURNED = 1 << 224;

    // The bit position of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 225;

    // The bit mask of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 1 << 225;

    // The bit position of `extraData` in packed ownership.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA = 232;

    // Mask of all 256 bits in a packed ownership except the 24 bits for `extraData`.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 232) - 1;

    // The mask of the lower 160 bits for addresses.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS = (1 << 160) - 1;

    // The maximum `quantity` that can be minted with {_mintERC2309}.
    // This limit is to prevent overflows on the address data entries.
    // For a limit of 5000, a total of 3.689e15 calls to {_mintERC2309}
    // is required to cause an overflow, which is unrealistic.
    uint256 private constant _MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT = 5000;

    // The `Transfer` event signature is given by:
    // `keccak256(bytes("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"))`.
    bytes32 private constant _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE =
        0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef;

    // =============================================================
    //                            STORAGE
    // =============================================================

    // The next token ID to be minted.
    uint256 private _currentIndex;

    // The number of tokens burned.
    uint256 private _burnCounter;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to ownership details
    // An empty struct value does not necessarily mean the token is unowned.
    // See {_packedOwnershipOf} implementation for details.
    //
    // Bits Layout:
    // - [0..159]   `addr`
    // - [160..223] `startTimestamp`
    // - [224]      `burned`
    // - [225]      `nextInitialized`
    // - [232..255] `extraData`
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _packedOwnerships;

    // Mapping owner address to address data.
    //
    // Bits Layout:
    // - [0..63]    `balance`
    // - [64..127]  `numberMinted`
    // - [128..191] `numberBurned`
    // - [192..255] `aux`
    mapping(address => uint256) private _packedAddressData;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address.
    mapping(uint256 => TokenApprovalRef) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    // =============================================================
    //                          CONSTRUCTOR
    // =============================================================

    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
        _currentIndex = _startTokenId();
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                   TOKEN COUNTING OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the starting token ID.
     * To change the starting token ID, please override this function.
     */
    function _startTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the next token ID to be minted.
     */
    function _nextTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _currentIndex;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
     * Burned tokens will reduce the count.
     * To get the total number of tokens minted, please see {_totalMinted}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        // Counter underflow is impossible as _burnCounter cannot be incremented
        // more than `_currentIndex - _startTokenId()` times.
        unchecked {
            return _currentIndex - _burnCounter - _startTokenId();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens minted in the contract.
     */
    function _totalMinted() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        // Counter underflow is impossible as `_currentIndex` does not decrement,
        // and it is initialized to `_startTokenId()`.
        unchecked {
            return _currentIndex - _startTokenId();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total number of tokens burned.
     */
    function _totalBurned() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _burnCounter;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                    ADDRESS DATA OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in `owner`'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        if (owner == address(0)) revert BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();
        return _packedAddressData[owner] & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of tokens minted by `owner`.
     */
    function _numberMinted(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return (_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of tokens burned by or on behalf of `owner`.
     */
    function _numberBurned(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return (_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
     */
    function _getAux(address owner) internal view returns (uint64) {
        return uint64(_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_AUX);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
     * If there are multiple variables, please pack them into a uint64.
     */
    function _setAux(address owner, uint64 aux) internal virtual {
        uint256 packed = _packedAddressData[owner];
        uint256 auxCasted;
        // Cast `aux` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
        assembly {
            auxCasted := aux
        }
        packed = (packed & _BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT) | (auxCasted << _BITPOS_AUX);
        _packedAddressData[owner] = packed;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                            IERC165
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * [EIP section](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified)
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        // The interface IDs are constants representing the first 4 bytes
        // of the XOR of all function selectors in the interface.
        // See: [ERC165](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165)
        // (e.g. `bytes4(i.functionA.selector ^ i.functionB.selector ^ ...)`)
        return
            interfaceId == 0x01ffc9a7 || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC165.
            interfaceId == 0x80ac58cd || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721.
            interfaceId == 0x5b5e139f; // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721Metadata.
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                        IERC721Metadata
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert URIQueryForNonexistentToken();

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length != 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, _toString(tokenId))) : '';
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, it can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return '';
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                     OWNERSHIPS OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Gas spent here starts off proportional to the maximum mint batch size.
     * It gradually moves to O(1) as tokens get transferred around over time.
     */
    function _ownershipOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
        return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct at `index`.
     */
    function _ownershipAt(uint256 index) internal view virtual returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
        return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnerships[index]);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the ownership slot minted at `index` for efficiency purposes.
     */
    function _initializeOwnershipAt(uint256 index) internal virtual {
        if (_packedOwnerships[index] == 0) {
            _packedOwnerships[index] = _packedOwnershipOf(index);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the packed ownership data of `tokenId`.
     */
    function _packedOwnershipOf(uint256 tokenId) private view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 curr = tokenId;

        unchecked {
            if (_startTokenId() <= curr)
                if (curr < _currentIndex) {
                    uint256 packed = _packedOwnerships[curr];
                    // If not burned.
                    if (packed & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0) {
                        // Invariant:
                        // There will always be an initialized ownership slot
                        // (i.e. `ownership.addr != address(0) && ownership.burned == false`)
                        // before an unintialized ownership slot
                        // (i.e. `ownership.addr == address(0) && ownership.burned == false`)
                        // Hence, `curr` will not underflow.
                        //
                        // We can directly compare the packed value.
                        // If the address is zero, packed will be zero.
                        while (packed == 0) {
                            packed = _packedOwnerships[--curr];
                        }
                        return packed;
                    }
                }
        }
        revert OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct from `packed`.
     */
    function _unpackedOwnership(uint256 packed) private pure returns (TokenOwnership memory ownership) {
        ownership.addr = address(uint160(packed));
        ownership.startTimestamp = uint64(packed >> _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP);
        ownership.burned = packed & _BITMASK_BURNED != 0;
        ownership.extraData = uint24(packed >> _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Packs ownership data into a single uint256.
     */
    function _packOwnershipData(address owner, uint256 flags) private view returns (uint256 result) {
        assembly {
            // Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
            owner := and(owner, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
            // `owner | (block.timestamp << _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP) | flags`.
            result := or(owner, or(shl(_BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP, timestamp()), flags))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the `nextInitialized` flag set if `quantity` equals 1.
     */
    function _nextInitializedFlag(uint256 quantity) private pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // For branchless setting of the `nextInitialized` flag.
        assembly {
            // `(quantity == 1) << _BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED`.
            result := shl(_BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED, eq(quantity, 1))
        }
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                      APPROVAL OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the
     * zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public payable virtual override {
        address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);

        if (_msgSenderERC721A() != owner)
            if (!isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSenderERC721A())) {
                revert ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
            }

        _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value = to;
        emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom}
     * for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _operatorApprovals[_msgSenderERC721A()][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSenderERC721A(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted. See {_mint}.
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return
            _startTokenId() <= tokenId &&
            tokenId < _currentIndex && // If within bounds,
            _packedOwnerships[tokenId] & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0; // and not burned.
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `msgSender` is equal to `approvedAddress` or `owner`.
     */
    function _isSenderApprovedOrOwner(
        address approvedAddress,
        address owner,
        address msgSender
    ) private pure returns (bool result) {
        assembly {
            // Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
            owner := and(owner, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
            // Mask `msgSender` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
            msgSender := and(msgSender, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
            // `msgSender == owner || msgSender == approvedAddress`.
            result := or(eq(msgSender, owner), eq(msgSender, approvedAddress))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot and value for the approved address of `tokenId`.
     */
    function _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(uint256 tokenId)
        private
        view
        returns (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress)
    {
        TokenApprovalRef storage tokenApproval = _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
        // The following is equivalent to `approvedAddress = _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value`.
        assembly {
            approvedAddressSlot := tokenApproval.slot
            approvedAddress := sload(approvedAddressSlot)
        }
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                      TRANSFER OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
     * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public payable virtual override {
        uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);

        if (address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked)) != from) revert TransferFromIncorrectOwner();

        (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress) = _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(tokenId);

        // The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
        if (!_isSenderApprovedOrOwner(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
            if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A())) revert TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

        if (to == address(0)) revert TransferToZeroAddress();

        _beforeTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner.
        assembly {
            if approvedAddress {
                // This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
                sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
            }
        }

        // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
        // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
        // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
        unchecked {
            // We can directly increment and decrement the balances.
            --_packedAddressData[from]; // Updates: `balance -= 1`.
            ++_packedAddressData[to]; // Updates: `balance += 1`.

            // Updates:
            // - `address` to the next owner.
            // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of transfering.
            // - `burned` to `false`.
            // - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
            _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
                to,
                _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED | _nextExtraData(from, to, prevOwnershipPacked)
            );

            // If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
            if (prevOwnershipPacked & _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
                uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
                // If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
                if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
                    // If the next slot is within bounds.
                    if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
                        // Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
                        _packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        _afterTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '')`.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public payable virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '');
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
     * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
     * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public payable virtual override {
        transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
        if (to.code.length != 0)
            if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data)) {
                revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
            }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before a set of serially-ordered token IDs
     * are about to be transferred. This includes minting.
     * And also called before burning one token.
     *
     * `startTokenId` - the first token ID to be transferred.
     * `quantity` - the amount to be transferred.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfers(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after a set of serially-ordered token IDs
     * have been transferred. This includes minting.
     * And also called after one token has been burned.
     *
     * `startTokenId` - the first token ID to be transferred.
     * `quantity` - the amount to be transferred.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` has been
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` has been minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` has been burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfers(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Private function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target contract.
     *
     * `from` - Previous owner of the given token ID.
     * `to` - Target address that will receive the token.
     * `tokenId` - Token ID to be transferred.
     * `_data` - Optional data to send along with the call.
     *
     * Returns whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value.
     */
    function _checkContractOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        try ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSenderERC721A(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (
            bytes4 retval
        ) {
            return retval == ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received.selector;
        } catch (bytes memory reason) {
            if (reason.length == 0) {
                revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
            } else {
                assembly {
                    revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                        MINT OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
        uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
        if (quantity == 0) revert MintZeroQuantity();

        _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

        // Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
        // `balance` and `numberMinted` have a maximum limit of 2**64.
        // `tokenId` has a maximum limit of 2**256.
        unchecked {
            // Updates:
            // - `balance += quantity`.
            // - `numberMinted += quantity`.
            //
            // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
            _packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);

            // Updates:
            // - `address` to the owner.
            // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
            // - `burned` to `false`.
            // - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
            _packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
                to,
                _nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
            );

            uint256 toMasked;
            uint256 end = startTokenId + quantity;

            // Use assembly to loop and emit the `Transfer` event for gas savings.
            // The duplicated `log4` removes an extra check and reduces stack juggling.
            // The assembly, together with the surrounding Solidity code, have been
            // delicately arranged to nudge the compiler into producing optimized opcodes.
            assembly {
                // Mask `to` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
                toMasked := and(to, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
                // Emit the `Transfer` event.
                log4(
                    0, // Start of data (0, since no data).
                    0, // End of data (0, since no data).
                    _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, // Signature.
                    0, // `address(0)`.
                    toMasked, // `to`.
                    startTokenId // `tokenId`.
                )

                // The `iszero(eq(,))` check ensures that large values of `quantity`
                // that overflows uint256 will make the loop run out of gas.
                // The compiler will optimize the `iszero` away for performance.
                for {
                    let tokenId := add(startTokenId, 1)
                } iszero(eq(tokenId, end)) {
                    tokenId := add(tokenId, 1)
                } {
                    // Emit the `Transfer` event. Similar to above.
                    log4(0, 0, _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, 0, toMasked, tokenId)
                }
            }
            if (toMasked == 0) revert MintToZeroAddress();

            _currentIndex = end;
        }
        _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * This function is intended for efficient minting only during contract creation.
     *
     * It emits only one {ConsecutiveTransfer} as defined in
     * [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309),
     * instead of a sequence of {Transfer} event(s).
     *
     * Calling this function outside of contract creation WILL make your contract
     * non-compliant with the ERC721 standard.
     * For full ERC721 compliance, substituting ERC721 {Transfer} event(s) with the ERC2309
     * {ConsecutiveTransfer} event is only permissible during contract creation.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {ConsecutiveTransfer} event.
     */
    function _mintERC2309(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
        uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
        if (to == address(0)) revert MintToZeroAddress();
        if (quantity == 0) revert MintZeroQuantity();
        if (quantity > _MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT) revert MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit();

        _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

        // Overflows are unrealistic due to the above check for `quantity` to be below the limit.
        unchecked {
            // Updates:
            // - `balance += quantity`.
            // - `numberMinted += quantity`.
            //
            // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
            _packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);

            // Updates:
            // - `address` to the owner.
            // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
            // - `burned` to `false`.
            // - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
            _packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
                to,
                _nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
            );

            emit ConsecutiveTransfer(startTokenId, startTokenId + quantity - 1, address(0), to);

            _currentIndex = startTokenId + quantity;
        }
        _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
     * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called for each safe transfer.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * See {_mint}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 quantity,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, quantity);

        unchecked {
            if (to.code.length != 0) {
                uint256 end = _currentIndex;
                uint256 index = end - quantity;
                do {
                    if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(address(0), to, index++, _data)) {
                        revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
                    }
                } while (index < end);
                // Reentrancy protection.
                if (_currentIndex != end) revert();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `_safeMint(to, quantity, '')`.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, quantity, '');
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                        BURN OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `_burn(tokenId, false)`.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _burn(tokenId, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId, bool approvalCheck) internal virtual {
        uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);

        address from = address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked));

        (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress) = _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(tokenId);

        if (approvalCheck) {
            // The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
            if (!_isSenderApprovedOrOwner(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
                if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A())) revert TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
        }

        _beforeTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner.
        assembly {
            if approvedAddress {
                // This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
                sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
            }
        }

        // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
        // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
        // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
        unchecked {
            // Updates:
            // - `balance -= 1`.
            // - `numberBurned += 1`.
            //
            // We can directly decrement the balance, and increment the number burned.
            // This is equivalent to `packed -= 1; packed += 1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED;`.
            _packedAddressData[from] += (1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) - 1;

            // Updates:
            // - `address` to the last owner.
            // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of burning.
            // - `burned` to `true`.
            // - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
            _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
                from,
                (_BITMASK_BURNED | _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED) | _nextExtraData(from, address(0), prevOwnershipPacked)
            );

            // If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
            if (prevOwnershipPacked & _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
                uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
                // If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
                if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
                    // If the next slot is within bounds.
                    if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
                        // Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
                        _packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, address(0), tokenId);
        _afterTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Overflow not possible, as _burnCounter cannot be exceed _currentIndex times.
        unchecked {
            _burnCounter++;
        }
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                     EXTRA DATA OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Directly sets the extra data for the ownership data `index`.
     */
    function _setExtraDataAt(uint256 index, uint24 extraData) internal virtual {
        uint256 packed = _packedOwnerships[index];
        if (packed == 0) revert OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData();
        uint256 extraDataCasted;
        // Cast `extraData` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
        assembly {
            extraDataCasted := extraData
        }
        packed = (packed & _BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT) | (extraDataCasted << _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
        _packedOwnerships[index] = packed;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Called during each token transfer to set the 24bit `extraData` field.
     * Intended to be overridden by the cosumer contract.
     *
     * `previousExtraData` - the value of `extraData` before transfer.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
    function _extraData(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint24 previousExtraData
    ) internal view virtual returns (uint24) {}

    /**
     * @dev Returns the next extra data for the packed ownership data.
     * The returned result is shifted into position.
     */
    function _nextExtraData(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 prevOwnershipPacked
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        uint24 extraData = uint24(prevOwnershipPacked >> _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
        return uint256(_extraData(from, to, extraData)) << _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                       OTHER OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the message sender (defaults to `msg.sender`).
     *
     * If you are writing GSN compatible contracts, you need to override this function.
     */
    function _msgSenderERC721A() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a uint256 to its ASCII string decimal representation.
     */
    function _toString(uint256 value) internal pure virtual returns (string memory str) {
        assembly {
            // The maximum value of a uint256 contains 78 digits (1 byte per digit), but
            // we allocate 0xa0 bytes to keep the free memory pointer 32-byte word aligned.
            // We will need 1 word for the trailing zeros padding, 1 word for the length,
            // and 3 words for a maximum of 78 digits. Total: 5 * 0x20 = 0xa0.
            let m := add(mload(0x40), 0xa0)
            // Update the free memory pointer to allocate.
            mstore(0x40, m)
            // Assign the `str` to the end.
            str := sub(m, 0x20)
            // Zeroize the slot after the string.
            mstore(str, 0)

            // Cache the end of the memory to calculate the length later.
            let end := str

            // We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
            // The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
            // prettier-ignore
            for { let temp := value } 1 {} {
                str := sub(str, 1)
                // Write the character to the pointer.
                // The ASCII index of the '0' character is 48.
                mstore8(str, add(48, mod(temp, 10)))
                // Keep dividing `temp` until zero.
                temp := div(temp, 10)
                // prettier-ignore
                if iszero(temp) { break }
            }

            let length := sub(end, str)
            // Move the pointer 32 bytes leftwards to make room for the length.
            str := sub(str, 0x20)
            // Store the length.
            mstore(str, length)
        }
    }
}


///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: erc721a/contracts/IERC721A.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.2.3
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/**
 * @dev Interface of ERC721A.
 */
interface IERC721A {
    /**
     * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     */
    error ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * Cannot query the balance for the zero address.
     */
    error BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();

    /**
     * Cannot mint to the zero address.
     */
    error MintToZeroAddress();

    /**
     * The quantity of tokens minted must be more than zero.
     */
    error MintZeroQuantity();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     */
    error TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

    /**
     * The token must be owned by `from`.
     */
    error TransferFromIncorrectOwner();

    /**
     * Cannot safely transfer to a contract that does not implement the
     * ERC721Receiver interface.
     */
    error TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();

    /**
     * Cannot transfer to the zero address.
     */
    error TransferToZeroAddress();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error URIQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * The `quantity` minted with ERC2309 exceeds the safety limit.
     */
    error MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit();

    /**
     * The `extraData` cannot be set on an unintialized ownership slot.
     */
    error OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData();

    // =============================================================
    //                            STRUCTS
    // =============================================================

    struct TokenOwnership {
        // The address of the owner.
        address addr;
        // Stores the start time of ownership with minimal overhead for tokenomics.
        uint64 startTimestamp;
        // Whether the token has been burned.
        bool burned;
        // Arbitrary data similar to `startTimestamp` that can be set via {_extraData}.
        uint24 extraData;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                         TOKEN COUNTERS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
     * Burned tokens will reduce the count.
     * To get the total number of tokens minted, please see {_totalMinted}.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    // =============================================================
    //                            IERC165
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * [EIP section](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified)
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);

    // =============================================================
    //                            IERC721
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables
     * (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in `owner`'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`,
     * checking first that contract recipients are aware of the ERC721 protocol
     * to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move
     * this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
     * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external payable;

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '')`.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external payable;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom}
     * whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
     * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external payable;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the
     * zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external payable;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom}
     * for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    // =============================================================
    //                        IERC721Metadata
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);

    // =============================================================
    //                           IERC2309
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when tokens in `fromTokenId` to `toTokenId`
     * (inclusive) is transferred from `from` to `to`, as defined in the
     * [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309) standard.
     *
     * See {_mintERC2309} for more details.
     */
    event ConsecutiveTransfer(uint256 indexed fromTokenId, uint256 toTokenId, address indexed from, address indexed to);
}


///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: solady/src/utils/Base64.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/// @notice Library to encode strings in Base64.
/// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/Base64.sol)
/// @author Modified from Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/Base64.sol)
/// @author Modified from (https://github.com/Brechtpd/base64/blob/main/base64.sol) by Brecht Devos - <brecht@loopring.org>.
library Base64 {
    /// @dev Encodes `data` using the base64 encoding described in RFC 4648.
    /// See: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648
    /// @param fileSafe  Whether to replace '+' with '-' and '/' with '_'.
    /// @param noPadding Whether to strip away the padding.
    function encode(bytes memory data, bool fileSafe, bool noPadding)
        internal
        pure
        returns (string memory result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let dataLength := mload(data)

            if dataLength {
                // Multiply by 4/3 rounded up.
                // The `shl(2, ...)` is equivalent to multiplying by 4.
                let encodedLength := shl(2, div(add(dataLength, 2), 3))

                // Set `result` to point to the start of the free memory.
                result := mload(0x40)

                // Store the table into the scratch space.
                // Offsetted by -1 byte so that the `mload` will load the character.
                // We will rewrite the free memory pointer at `0x40` later with
                // the allocated size.
                // The magic constant 0x0230 will translate "-_" + "+/".
                mstore(0x1f, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdef")
                mstore(0x3f, sub("ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_", mul(iszero(fileSafe), 0x0230)))

                // Skip the first slot, which stores the length.
                let ptr := add(result, 0x20)
                let end := add(ptr, encodedLength)

                // Run over the input, 3 bytes at a time.
                for {} 1 {} {
                    data := add(data, 3) // Advance 3 bytes.
                    let input := mload(data)

                    // Write 4 bytes. Optimized for fewer stack operations.
                    mstore8(ptr, mload(and(shr(18, input), 0x3F)))
                    mstore8(add(ptr, 1), mload(and(shr(12, input), 0x3F)))
                    mstore8(add(ptr, 2), mload(and(shr(6, input), 0x3F)))
                    mstore8(add(ptr, 3), mload(and(input, 0x3F)))

                    ptr := add(ptr, 4) // Advance 4 bytes.

                    if iszero(lt(ptr, end)) { break }
                }

                let r := mod(dataLength, 3)

                switch noPadding
                case 0 {
                    // Offset `ptr` and pad with '='. We can simply write over the end.
                    mstore8(sub(ptr, iszero(iszero(r))), 0x3d) // Pad at `ptr - 1` if `r > 0`.
                    mstore8(sub(ptr, shl(1, eq(r, 1))), 0x3d) // Pad at `ptr - 2` if `r == 1`.
                    // Write the length of the string.
                    mstore(result, encodedLength)
                }
                default {
                    // Write the length of the string.
                    mstore(result, sub(encodedLength, add(iszero(iszero(r)), eq(r, 1))))
                }

                // Allocate the memory for the string.
                // Add 31 and mask with `not(31)` to round the
                // free memory pointer up the next multiple of 32.
                mstore(0x40, and(add(end, 31), not(31)))
            }
        }
    }

    /// @dev Encodes `data` using the base64 encoding described in RFC 4648.
    /// Equivalent to `encode(data, false, false)`.
    function encode(bytes memory data) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
        result = encode(data, false, false);
    }

    /// @dev Encodes `data` using the base64 encoding described in RFC 4648.
    /// Equivalent to `encode(data, fileSafe, false)`.
    function encode(bytes memory data, bool fileSafe)
        internal
        pure
        returns (string memory result)
    {
        result = encode(data, fileSafe, false);
    }

    /// @dev Encodes base64 encoded `data`.
    ///
    /// Supports:
    /// - RFC 4648 (both standard and file-safe mode).
    /// - RFC 3501 (63: ',').
    ///
    /// Does not support:
    /// - Line breaks.
    ///
    /// Note: For performance reasons,
    /// this function will NOT revert on invalid `data` inputs.
    /// Outputs for invalid inputs will simply be undefined behaviour.
    /// It is the user's responsibility to ensure that the `data`
    /// is a valid base64 encoded string.
    function decode(string memory data) internal pure returns (bytes memory result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let dataLength := mload(data)

            if dataLength {
                let end := add(data, dataLength)
                let decodedLength := mul(shr(2, dataLength), 3)

                switch and(dataLength, 3)
                case 0 {
                    // If padded.
                    // forgefmt: disable-next-item
                    decodedLength := sub(
                        decodedLength,
                        add(eq(and(mload(end), 0xFF), 0x3d), eq(and(mload(end), 0xFFFF), 0x3d3d))
                    )
                }
                default {
                    // If non-padded.
                    decodedLength := add(decodedLength, sub(and(dataLength, 3), 1))
                }

                result := mload(0x40)

                // Write the length of the string.
                mstore(result, decodedLength)

                // Skip the first slot, which stores the length.
                let ptr := add(result, 0x20)

                // Load the table into the scratch space.
                // Constants are optimized for smaller bytecode with zero gas overhead.
                // `m` also doubles as the mask of the upper 6 bits.
                let m := 0xfc000000fc00686c7074787c8084888c9094989ca0a4a8acb0b4b8bcc0c4c8cc
                mstore(0x5b, m)
                mstore(0x3b, 0x04080c1014181c2024282c3034383c4044484c5054585c6064)
                mstore(0x1a, 0xf8fcf800fcd0d4d8dce0e4e8ecf0f4)

                for {} 1 {} {
                    // Read 4 bytes.
                    data := add(data, 4)
                    let input := mload(data)

                    // Write 3 bytes.
                    // forgefmt: disable-next-item
                    mstore(ptr, or(
                        and(m, mload(byte(28, input))),
                        shr(6, or(
                            and(m, mload(byte(29, input))),
                            shr(6, or(
                                and(m, mload(byte(30, input))),
                                shr(6, mload(byte(31, input)))
                            ))
                        ))
                    ))

                    ptr := add(ptr, 3)

                    if iszero(lt(data, end)) { break }
                }

                // Allocate the memory for the string.
                // Add 32 + 31 and mask with `not(31)` to round the
                // free memory pointer up the next multiple of 32.
                mstore(0x40, and(add(add(result, decodedLength), 63), not(31)))

                // Restore the zero slot.
                mstore(0x60, 0)
            }
        }
    }
}


///////////////////////////////////////////
// File: solady/src/utils/LibPRNG.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/// @notice Library for generating psuedorandom numbers.
/// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/LibPRNG.sol)
library LibPRNG {
    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
    /*                          STRUCTS                           */
    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/

    /// @dev A psuedorandom number state in memory.
    struct PRNG {
        uint256 state;
    }

    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
    /*                         OPERATIONS                         */
    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/

    /// @dev Seeds the `prng` with `state`.
    function seed(PRNG memory prng, uint256 state) internal pure {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(prng, state)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the next psuedorandom uint256.
    /// All bits of the returned uint256 pass the NIST Statistical Test Suite.
    function next(PRNG memory prng) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // We simply use `keccak256` for a great balance between
        // runtime gas costs, bytecode size, and statistical properties.
        //
        // A high-quality LCG with a 32-byte state
        // is only about 30% more gas efficient during runtime,
        // but requires a 32-byte multiplier, which can cause bytecode bloat
        // when this function is inlined.
        //
        // Using this method is about 2x more efficient than
        // `nextRandomness = uint256(keccak256(abi.encode(randomness)))`.
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := keccak256(prng, 0x20)
            mstore(prng, result)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns a psuedorandom uint256, uniformly distributed
    /// between 0 (inclusive) and `upper` (exclusive).
    /// If your modulus is big, this method is recommended
    /// for uniform sampling to avoid modulo bias.
    /// For uniform sampling across all uint256 values,
    /// or for small enough moduli such that the bias is neligible,
    /// use {next} instead.
    function uniform(PRNG memory prng, uint256 upper) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            for {} 1 {} {
                result := keccak256(prng, 0x20)
                mstore(prng, result)
                if iszero(lt(result, mod(sub(0, upper), upper))) { break }
            }
            result := mod(result, upper)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Shuffles the array in-place with Fisher-Yates shuffle.
    function shuffle(PRNG memory prng, uint256[] memory a) internal pure {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let n := mload(a)
            let w := not(0)
            let mask := shr(128, w)
            if n {
                for { a := add(a, 0x20) } 1 {} {
                    // We can just directly use `keccak256`, cuz
                    // the other approaches don't save much.
                    let r := keccak256(prng, 0x20)
                    mstore(prng, r)

                    // Note that there will be a very tiny modulo bias
                    // if the length of the array is not a power of 2.
                    // For all practical purposes, it is negligible
                    // and will not be a fairness or security concern.
                    {
                        let j := add(a, shl(5, mod(shr(128, r), n)))
                        n := add(n, w) // `sub(n, 1)`.
                        if iszero(n) { break }

                        let i := add(a, shl(5, n))
                        let t := mload(i)
                        mstore(i, mload(j))
                        mstore(j, t)
                    }

                    {
                        let j := add(a, shl(5, mod(and(r, mask), n)))
                        n := add(n, w) // `sub(n, 1)`.
                        if iszero(n) { break }

                        let i := add(a, shl(5, n))
                        let t := mload(i)
                        mstore(i, mload(j))
                        mstore(j, t)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}