diff --git a/src/Libplanet.Types/Blocks/BlockMetadata.cs b/src/Libplanet.Types/Blocks/BlockMetadata.cs
index 23d239b0a99..6297166a203 100644
--- a/src/Libplanet.Types/Blocks/BlockMetadata.cs
+++ b/src/Libplanet.Types/Blocks/BlockMetadata.cs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public class BlockMetadata : IBlockMetadata
         /// <summary>
         /// The latest protocol version.
         /// </summary>
-        public const int CurrentProtocolVersion = 9;
+        public const int CurrentProtocolVersion = 10;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// <para>
@@ -100,6 +100,12 @@ public class BlockMetadata : IBlockMetadata
         /// </summary>
         public const int EvidenceProtocolVersion = 9;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The starting protocol version where the power of the each validator is stored in the
+        /// block commit.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int BlockCommitPowerProtocolVersion = 10;
+
         private const string TimestampFormat = "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.ffffffZ";
         private static readonly Codec Codec = new Codec();
 
diff --git a/src/Libplanet.Types/Consensus/ValidatorSet.cs b/src/Libplanet.Types/Consensus/ValidatorSet.cs
index 849571ad7a2..f323e222fc8 100644
--- a/src/Libplanet.Types/Consensus/ValidatorSet.cs
+++ b/src/Libplanet.Types/Consensus/ValidatorSet.cs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 using Bencodex;
 using Libplanet.Crypto;
 using Libplanet.Types.Blocks;
-using Libplanet.Types.Consensus;
 
 namespace Libplanet.Types.Consensus
 {
@@ -264,16 +263,68 @@ public Validator GetProposer(long height, int round)
         /// <remarks>
         /// If <see cref="Vote.ValidatorPower"/> is null, power check is ignored.</remarks>
         /// <param name="blockCommit">The <see cref="BlockCommit"/> to check.</param>
-        /// <returns><see langword="true"/> if the <see cref="BlockCommit.Votes"/> is
-        /// ordered, <see langword="false"/> otherwise.</returns>
-        public bool ValidateBlockCommitValidators(BlockCommit blockCommit)
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidBlockCommitException">Thrown when some votes in the
+        /// <paramref name="blockCommit"/> does not have non-null power.</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidBlockCommitException">Thrown when validators from
+        /// <paramref name="blockCommit"/> is different from validators of this.</exception>
+        public void ValidateBlockCommitValidators(BlockCommit blockCommit)
         {
-            return Validators.Select(validator => validator.PublicKey)
-                       .SequenceEqual(
-                           blockCommit.Votes.Select(vote => vote.ValidatorPublicKey).ToList()) &&
-                   blockCommit.Votes.All(
-                       v => v.ValidatorPower is null ||
-                            v.ValidatorPower == GetValidator(v.ValidatorPublicKey).Power);
+            ValidatorSet validatorSetFromCommit = new ValidatorSet(blockCommit.Votes.Select(
+                v => v.ValidatorPower is BigInteger power
+                    ? new Validator(v.ValidatorPublicKey, power)
+                    : throw new InvalidBlockCommitException(
+                        "All votes in the block commit after block protocol version 10 " +
+                        "must have power.")).ToList());
+
+            if (!Equals(validatorSetFromCommit))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidBlockCommitException(
+                    $"BlockCommit of BlockHash {blockCommit.BlockHash} " +
+                    $"has different validator set with chain state's validator set: \n" +
+                    $"in states | \n " +
+                    Validators.Aggregate(
+                        string.Empty, (s, v) => s + v + ", \n") +
+                    $"in blockCommit | \n " +
+                    validatorSetFromCommit.Validators.Aggregate(
+                        string.Empty, (s, v) => s + v + ", \n"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks whether <see cref="BlockCommit.Votes"/> is ordered
+        /// by <see cref="Address"/> of each <see cref="Vote.ValidatorPublicKey"/>,
+        /// and <see cref="Vote.ValidatorPower"/> equals to the one recorded in the chain states.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// If <see cref="Vote.ValidatorPower"/> is null, power check is ignored.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="blockCommit">The <see cref="BlockCommit"/> to check.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidBlockCommitException">Thrown when some votes in the
+        /// <paramref name="blockCommit"/> does not have null power.</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidBlockCommitException">Thrown when public key of validators from
+        /// <paramref name="blockCommit"/> is different from validator's public keys of this.
+        /// </exception>
+        public void ValidateLegacyBlockCommitValidators(BlockCommit blockCommit)
+        {
+            if (blockCommit.Votes.Any(v => v.ValidatorPower is not null))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidBlockCommitException(
+                    "All votes in the block commit before block protocol version 10 " +
+                    "must have null power.");
+            }
+
+            if (!Validators.Select(validator => validator.PublicKey).SequenceEqual(
+                blockCommit.Votes.Select(vote => vote.ValidatorPublicKey).ToList()))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidBlockCommitException(
+                    $"BlockCommit of BlockHash {blockCommit.BlockHash} " +
+                    $"has different validator set with chain state's validator set: \n" +
+                    $"in states | \n " +
+                    Validators.Aggregate(
+                        string.Empty, (s, key) => s + key + ", \n") +
+                    $"in blockCommit | \n " +
+                    blockCommit.Votes.Aggregate(
+                        string.Empty, (s, key) => s + key.ValidatorPublicKey + ", \n"));
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Libplanet/Blockchain/BlockChain.Validate.cs b/src/Libplanet/Blockchain/BlockChain.Validate.cs
index c471fb5661b..f4a8a4126e8 100644
--- a/src/Libplanet/Blockchain/BlockChain.Validate.cs
+++ b/src/Libplanet/Blockchain/BlockChain.Validate.cs
@@ -144,17 +144,14 @@ internal void ValidateBlockCommit(
             var validators = block.ProtocolVersion < BlockMetadata.SlothProtocolVersion
                 ? GetWorldState(block.PreviousHash ?? Genesis.Hash).GetValidatorSet()
                 : GetWorldState(block.StateRootHash).GetValidatorSet();
-            if (!validators.ValidateBlockCommitValidators(blockCommit))
+
+            if (block.ProtocolVersion < BlockMetadata.BlockCommitPowerProtocolVersion)
             {
-                throw new InvalidBlockCommitException(
-                    $"BlockCommit of BlockHash {blockCommit.BlockHash} " +
-                    $"has different validator set with chain state's validator set: \n" +
-                    $"in states | \n " +
-                    validators.Validators.Aggregate(
-                        string.Empty, (s, key) => s + key + ", \n") +
-                    $"in blockCommit | \n " +
-                    blockCommit.Votes.Aggregate(
-                        string.Empty, (s, key) => s + key.ValidatorPublicKey + ", \n"));
+                validators.ValidateLegacyBlockCommitValidators(blockCommit);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                validators.ValidateBlockCommitValidators(blockCommit);
             }
 
             BigInteger commitPower = blockCommit.Votes.Aggregate(
diff --git a/test/Libplanet.Tests/Consensus/ValidatorSetTest.cs b/test/Libplanet.Tests/Consensus/ValidatorSetTest.cs
index 676445e93a4..07136c03fa5 100644
--- a/test/Libplanet.Tests/Consensus/ValidatorSetTest.cs
+++ b/test/Libplanet.Tests/Consensus/ValidatorSetTest.cs
@@ -172,13 +172,13 @@ public void ValidateBlockCommitValidators()
                 new BlockCommit(height, round, hash, orderedVotes.Take(5).ToImmutableArray());
             var validBlockCommit = new BlockCommit(height, round, hash, orderedVotes);
 
-            Assert.False(
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidBlockCommitException>(() =>
                 validatorSet.ValidateBlockCommitValidators(blockCommitWithUnorderedVotes));
-            Assert.False(
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidBlockCommitException>(() =>
                 validatorSet.ValidateBlockCommitValidators(blockCommitWithInvalidPowerVotes));
-            Assert.False(
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidBlockCommitException>(() =>
                 validatorSet.ValidateBlockCommitValidators(blockCommitWithInsufficientVotes));
-            Assert.True(validatorSet.ValidateBlockCommitValidators(validBlockCommit));
+            validatorSet.ValidateBlockCommitValidators(validBlockCommit);
         }
     }
 }