diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 22f406d..3c968e4 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # chromote (development version)
 
+* The headless mode used by Chrome can now be selected with the `chromote.headless` option or `CHROMOTE_HEADLESS` environment variable. 
+
+  In Chrome v128, a [new headless mode](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/chromium/new-headless) became the default. The new mode uses the same browser engine as the regular Chrome browser, whereas the old headless mode is built on a separate architecture. The old headless mode may be faster to launch and is still well-suited to many of the tasks for which chromote is used.
+
+  For now, to avoid disruption, chromote defaults to using the old headless mode. In the future, chromote will follow Chrome and default to `"new"` headless mode. (And at some point, Chrome intends to remove the old headless mode which is now offered as [a separate binary](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/chrome-headless-shell).) To test the new headless mode, use `options(chromote.headless = "new")` or `CHROMOTE_HEADLESS="new"` (in `.Renviron` or via `Sys.setenv()`). (#172)
+
 # chromote 0.2.0
 
 ## Breaking changes
diff --git a/R/chrome.R b/R/chrome.R
index 5d5e9e2..ce2f380 100644
--- a/R/chrome.R
+++ b/R/chrome.R
@@ -160,6 +160,32 @@ inform_if_chrome_not_found <- function(
   NULL
 }
 
+chrome_headless_mode <- function() {
+  opt <- getOption("chromote.headless", NULL)
+  env <- Sys.getenv("CHROMOTE_HEADLESS", NULL)
+  
+  # TODO Chrome v128 changed the default from --headless=old to --headless=new
+  # in 2024-08. Old headless mode was effectively a separate browser render,
+  # and while more performant did not share the same browser implementation as
+  # headful Chrome. New headless mode will likely be useful to some, but in most
+  # chromote use cases -- printing to PDF and testing -- we are not ready to
+  # move to the new mode. We'll use `--headless=old` as the default for now
+  # until the new mode is more stable, or until we add support for downloading
+  # specific versions of Chrome. (See rstudio/chromote#171)
+  default_mode <- "old"
+  mode <- tolower(opt %||% env %||% default_mode)
+
+  if (!mode %in% c("old", "new")) {
+    used <- if (!is.null(opt)) "chromote.headless" else "CHROMOTE_HEADLESS"
+    rlang::inform(
+      sprintf('Invalid value for `%s`. Using `"%s"`.', used, default_mode)
+    )
+    mode <- default_mode
+  }
+
+  sprintf("--headless=%s", mode)
+}
+
 launch_chrome <- function(path = find_chrome(), args = get_chrome_args()) {
   if (is.null(path)) {
     stop("Invalid path to Chrome")
@@ -173,14 +199,15 @@ launch_chrome_impl <- function(path, args, port) {
   p <- process$new(
     command = path,
     args = c(
-      "--headless",
+      chrome_headless_mode(),
       paste0("--remote-debugging-port=", port),
       paste0("--remote-allow-origins=http://127.0.0.1:", port),
       args
     ),
     supervise = TRUE,
     stdout = tempfile("chrome-stdout-", fileext = ".log"),
-    stderr = tempfile("chrome-stderr-", fileext = ".log")
+    stderr = tempfile("chrome-stderr-", fileext = ".log"),
+    echo_cmd = getOption("chromote.launch.echo_cmd", FALSE)
   )
 
   connected <- FALSE
diff --git a/R/chromote-package.R b/R/chromote-package.R
index 808d369..9d0f2b1 100644
--- a/R/chromote-package.R
+++ b/R/chromote-package.R
@@ -1,6 +1,31 @@
 #' @keywords internal
 "_PACKAGE"
 
+#' chromote Options
+#' 
+#' @description
+#' These options and environment variables that are used by chromote. Options
+#' are lowercase and can be set with `options()`. Environment variables are
+#' uppercase and can be set in an `.Renviron` file, with `Sys.setenv()`, or in
+#' the shell or process running R. If both an option or environment variable are
+#' supported, chromote will use the option first.
+#' 
+#' * `CHROMOTE_CHROME` \cr
+#'   Path to the Chrome executable. If not set, chromote will
+#'   attempt to find and use the system installation of Chrome.
+#' * `chromote.headless`, `CHROMOTE_HEADLESS` \cr
+#'   Headless mode for Chrome. Can be `"old"` or `"new"`. See 
+#'   [Chrome Headless mode](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/chromium/new-headless)
+#'   for more details.
+#' * `chromote.timeout` \cr
+#'   Timeout (in seconds) for Chrome to launch or connect. Default is `10`.
+#' * `chromote.launch.echo_cmd` \cr
+#'   Echo the command used to launch Chrome to the console for debugging.
+#'   Default is `FALSE`.
+#' 
+#' @name chromote-options
+NULL
+
 ## usethis namespace: start
 #' @import promises later
 #' @importFrom fastmap fastmap
diff --git a/man/chromote-options.Rd b/man/chromote-options.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c50702c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/chromote-options.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/chromote-package.R
+\name{chromote-options}
+\alias{chromote-options}
+\title{chromote Options}
+\description{
+These options and environment variables that are used by chromote. Options
+are lowercase and can be set with \code{options()}. Environment variables are
+uppercase and can be set in an \code{.Renviron} file, with \code{Sys.setenv()}, or in
+the shell or process running R. If both an option or environment variable are
+supported, chromote will use the option first.
+\itemize{
+\item \code{CHROMOTE_CHROME} \cr
+Path to the Chrome executable. If not set, chromote will
+attempt to find and use the system installation of Chrome.
+\item \code{chromote.headless}, \code{CHROMOTE_HEADLESS} \cr
+Headless mode for Chrome. Can be \code{"old"} or \code{"new"}. See
+\href{https://developer.chrome.com/docs/chromium/new-headless}{Chrome Headless mode}
+for more details.
+\item \code{chromote.timeout} \cr
+Timeout (in seconds) for Chrome to launch or connect. Default is \code{10}.
+\item \code{chromote.launch.echo_cmd} \cr
+Echo the command used to launch Chrome to the console for debugging.
+Default is \code{FALSE}.
+}
+}
diff --git a/pkgdown/_pkgdown.yml b/pkgdown/_pkgdown.yml
index 388e069..eb70c37 100644
--- a/pkgdown/_pkgdown.yml
+++ b/pkgdown/_pkgdown.yml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ reference:
 - title: Default settings
   # desc:  ~
   contents:
+  - chromote-options
   - default_chrome_args
   - default_chromote_object