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Database

Database Servers:-

  • MySQL
  • Postgre SQL
  • MSSQL
  • DB2
  • Oracle
  • Aurora
  • MariaDB

Take out the information as soon as possible

Attacks:-

  • SSL Heartbleed
  • BASH Injection
  • SQL Injection

Single Tier Architecture of Web Application-> In which same machine has Website and Database which is less secure as if website got hacked then DB is automatically hacked

RDS (Relational Database Services)=> It is a Amazon Portal which includes MySQL, Postgre SQL, MSSQL, Oracle, Aurora, MariaDB Servers (except DB2).

  • SQL (Structured Query Language)-> Structured which includes rows, columns, etc.

  • NOSQL (Not Only SQL)-> DynamoDB; Realtime Example:- PUBG

Difference B/W SQL and NOSQL:-

Where Schema is dynamic that is called NOSQL Means where no need to create a seperate column for any specific data like if any user gives name and hobbies and you do not have hobbies section and other users are not giving hobbies.

NOTE:- MYSQL Database PORT NO - 3306

We can Remote SQL from anywhere in the world but Amazon declines the SSH usage as it does not gives any key. So it can connect with its PORT - 3306.

yum install mysql

Connecting using Endpoint from different system

mysql -u root -h  _ENDPOINT_NAME_ -p

Commands In MYSQL:-

show databases;

O/P:-
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| adhoc              |
| hello              |
| innodb             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

create database hello;

Database Migration:-

Migrating data from any Cloud to RDS

use adhoc;

show tables;

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redashu/dbconnect/master/mysqldump/myfile.sql

mysql -u root -h _ENDPOINT_NAME_ -p adhoc <myfile.sql

How to connect database to Backend Language:-

  • JAVA - JDBC(Java to DB Connector) / ODBC
  • PYTHON - MySQL - Connector -> In Python DB is called Library
  • PHP - MySQLi
pip3 install mysql-connector-python

dbconn.py

#!/usr/bin/python3

import mysql.connector as mysql
# RDS Information
u='root' # u=username
p='_PASSWD_'# p=password
db='adhoc'
h='_ENDPOINT_NAME_'  # h=host( ENDPOINT)

# now connceting
conn=mysql.connect(user=u,password=p,database=db,host=h)
# now generating a sql language cursor
cur=conn.cursor()

# now we can write sql query
cur.execute("show  tables;")
# now printing result
print(cur.fetchall())

# closing connection
conn.close()

Database

  • MySQL
  • Postgre SQL
  • MSSQL
  • DB2
  • Oracle
  • Aurora
  • Mariadb

Popular attacks

  • Bash
  • ssh heart bleed
  • SQL injection

Requirements for DBA

  • Server - > to save data
  • Security - > secure from hackers and sql injections
  • Performance - > easy to write and fetch at high speed
  • If fails how to get data back
  • save from Hacking
  • Migrate from one environment to other
  • SQL Query --> (0.0001 %)

RDS (Relational Databases Services)

  • It is a collection of all the above DBA requirements provided by AWS services
  • RAM and CPU are allocated dynamically
  • Single tier Architecture web application - > when both website and database are present on single server
                              |- - - - - - - - - ^
                              |                  |
[SQL Database] - - - - > [Website] - - - - > [Server]
      ^                        |  
      | - - - - - - - - - - - -          

                    MULTI-TIER ARCHITECTURE
  • RDS is the most highest paid service on AWS
  • it is SQL type DB

How to Connect with RDS with EC2

* Amazon never gives access to RDS
* Port no of RDS is 3306
* Data transmission works through socket programming
* Database Mgration - > migrating data from one server to other
* Remote SQL - > running SQL queries through different os
```
mysql -u root -h database1.cs4a2twonycl.ap-south-1.rds.amazonaws.com -p
```

NOSQL

  • NOSQL - > no structured query language
  • creates columns on real time
  • DynamoDB - > an NOSQL database , used for PUBG like games

Python with RDS

  • install python module
pip3 install mysql-connector-python
  • connector code
#!/usr/bin/python
import mysql.connector as mysql
# RDS information
username='enter-username'
password='enter-your-pass'
database_name='enter-db-name'
host='enter-end-point-of-db'

# Now connecting the Database
conn=mysql.connect(user=username,password=password,database=database_name,host=host)
# Now generating a SQL language cursor
cur = conn.cursor()

# Now we can write SQL query
#cur.execute('show tables;')

# Now printing data
#print(cur.fetchall())

# closing connection
conn.close()

# **S3**

* Web Hosting
* Redirection
* EBS -> S3 ? 

* Size => Unlimited size limit ; 5TB is maximum for a file ; as a student 5GB is free for 1 year ; It is region independent
* Bucket => Like a folder; and bucket should be unique globally
---

# **NAAS (Network As a Service)**
* Give same environment of network to another place which is originally is at different place

**Types:-**
---
* VPC
* Route53

**Need to understand these before understanding NAAS:-**
* IP 
* NetMask -> IP with NetMask is IP Address
* SubNet -> Dividing 4th part of IP into different parts equally
* Gateway
* DNS
* Router
* Switch
* DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
* Firewall
* NAT (Network address translation)
* Routing Table

## IP Address:-

There are 4 parts :-    **-.-.-.-**
* Network Name is First 3 parts of IP Address
* if 1st part is 0-127 (Class A) then Netmask is always 255.0.0.0
* if 1st part is 128-191 (Class B) then Netmask is always 255.255.0.0
* if 1st part is 192-223 (Class C) then Netmask is always 255.255.255.0

**Prefix Length ->** IP-> 192.168.1.10 , Adding binary no of Netmask (255.255.255.0) -> 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 -> 192.168.1.10/24 => here 24 is prefix length (adding binary no's). Used for short forming Subnet instead of 255.255.255.0 we write "/24"

# **VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)**

Whenever we create a VPC, these are automatically created
* Router
* Security Group
* ACL
* Route Table


* 192.168.0.0/16 => 2 power (16) => 65536 connections

Amazon bydefault reserve these 5 IP's after creating a Subnet in VPC => 192.168.1.0(Network IP), 1.1(Gateway), 1.2(DNS), 1.3(Future), 1.255(Breadcast)

0.0.0.0/0 => Anywhere in this world (Route Table)