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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="keywords" content="Savchenko Problems in Physics, Savchenko solutions, physics problems, physics olympiad preparation, IPhO, Jaan Kalda">
<meta name="description" content="The largest dataset of solutions of 'Savchenko. Problems in Physics'. Savchenko’s Problems in General Physics is widely used to prepare for olympiads and it is a useful tool to
master and sharpen your skills and techniques in comptetitive problem solving. Some of these problems were a source
of inspiration for Jaan Kalda’s handouts and to some NBPhO problems. You may find problems from old IPhO
papers.">
<meta name="author" content="Aliaksandr Melnichenka">
<meta name="date" content="2023-10" scheme="YYYY-MM">
<meta property="og:title" content="Savchenko Solutions">
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<span><img src="img/book.png"></span><span>Savchenko Solutions</span>
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Solutions of Savchenko Problems in Physics <br>
<i><b>knowledge must be free</b></i>
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<h2 style="text-align: center;margin:0; font-size: 2.0rem;"><a href="ru">Решения на русском</a></h2>
<h2 style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0.9rem; "><a href="en/savchenko_en.pdf" target="_blank">Problem statements</a></h2>
<p class="description" id="description">
The collection of problems in physics edited by O.Y. Savchenko is one of the most popular resources for preparation for physics olympiads in post-soviet countries. Some of these problems were a source of inspiration for Jaan Kalda’s handouts and to some NBPhO problems. You may find problems from old IPhO papers. For more than 30 years since its first edition, not a single complete guide to solving problems from it has been created.<br>
On this website, you can observe a non-profit startup creating the first wizard of this collection with the design of solutions of <a href="about#team">different authors</a>. In total, 745 solutions have been published, out of 2,023 problems. In 2023, the project was launched, which is actively developing in Russian and English. If you'd like to contribute, feel free to email <a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank">[email protected]</a>.
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<li><a href="#1">Kinematics</a></li>
<li><a href="#2">Dynamics</a></li>
<li><a href="#3">Oscillations and Waves</a></li>
<li><a href="#4">Fluid Mechanics</a></li>
<li><a href="#5">Molecular Physics</a></li>
<li><a href="#6">Electrostatics</a></li>
<li><a href="#7">Particles in an electric field</a></li>
<li><a href="#8">Electric current</a></li>
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<li><a href="#10">Particles in complex fields</a></li>
<li><a href="#11">Electromagnetic induction</a></li>
<li><a href="#12">Electromagnetic waves</a></li>
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<li><a href="#14">Special theory of relativity</a></li>
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<h2 id="1" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 1. <a href="theory/kinematics.pdf" target="_blank">Kinematics</a></h2>
<h3 id="1.1" style="text-align: center;">§ 1.1. Constant-speed motion</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.1.1">1.1.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.2">1.1.2</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.3">1.1.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.4">1.1.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.5">1.1.5</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.6">1.1.6</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.7">1.1.7</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.8">1.1.8</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.1.9">1.1.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.10">1.1.10</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.11">1.1.11</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.12">1.1.12</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.13">1.1.13</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.14">1.1.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.15">1.1.15</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.16">1.1.16</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.1.17">1.1.17</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.18">1.1.18</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.19">1.1.19</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.20">1.1.20</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.21">1.1.21</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.22">1.1.22</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.1.23">1.1.23</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="1.2" style="text-align: center;">§ 1.2. Variable-speed motion</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.2.1">1.2.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.2">1.2.2</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.3">1.2.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.4">1.2.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.5">1.2.5</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.6">1.2.6</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.2.7">1.2.7</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.8">1.2.8</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.9">1.2.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.10">1.2.10</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.11">1.2.11</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.12">1.2.12</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.2.13">1.2.13</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.14">1.2.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.19">1.2.19</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.20">1.2.20</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.2.21">1.2.21</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="1.3" style="text-align: center;">§ 1.3. Motion in gravity field. Curvilinear motion</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.3.1">1.3.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.2">1.3.2</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.3">1.3.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.4">1.3.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.5">1.3.5</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.6">1.3.6</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.7">1.3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.8">1.3.8</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.9">1.3.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.10">1.3.10</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.3.11">1.3.11</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.12">1.3.12</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.13">1.3.13</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.14">1.3.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.15">1.3.15</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.16">1.3.16</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.17">1.3.17</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.18">1.3.18</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.19">1.3.19</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.20">1.3.20</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.3.21">1.3.21</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.22">1.3.22</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.23">1.3.23</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.24">1.3.24</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.25">1.3.25</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.26">1.3.26</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.27">1.3.27</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.28">1.3.28</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.29">1.3.29</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.3.30">1.3.30</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="1.4" style="text-align: center;">§ 1.4. Galileo's transformations</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.4.1">1.4.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.2">1.4.2</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.3">1.4.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.4">1.4.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.5">1.4.5</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.7">1.4.7</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.4.8">1.4.8</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.9">1.4.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.10">1.4.10</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.11">1.4.11</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.12">1.4.12</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.13">1.4.13</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.4.14">1.4.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.15">1.4.15</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.16">1.4.16</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.17">1.4.17</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.4.18">1.4.18</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="1.5" style="text-align: center;">§ 1.5. Motion with constraints</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.5.1">1.5.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.2">1.5.2</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.3">1.5.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.4">1.5.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.5">1.5.5</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.6">1.5.6</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.7">1.5.7</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.5.8">1.5.8</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.9">1.5.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.10">1.5.10</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.11">1.5.11</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.12">1.5.12</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.13">1.5.13</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.14">1.5.14</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/1.5.15">1.5.15</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.16">1.5.16</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.17">1.5.17</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.18">1.5.18</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.19">1.5.19</a></li>
<li><a href="en/1.5.20">1.5.20</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="2" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 2. <a href="theory/dinamics.pdf" target="_blank">Dynamics</a></h2>
<h3 id="2.1" style="text-align: center;">§ 2.1. Newton's laws</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.1.1">2.1.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.2">2.1.2</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.3">2.1.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.4">2.1.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.5">2.1.5</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.6">2.1.6</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.7">2.1.7</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.8">2.1.8</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.9">2.1.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.10">2.1.10</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.11">2.1.11</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.12">2.1.12</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.13">2.1.13</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.14">2.1.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.15">2.1.15</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.16">2.1.16</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.1.17">2.1.17</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.18">2.1.18</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.19">2.1.19</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.20">2.1.20</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.21">2.1.21</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.22">2.1.22</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.23">2.1.23</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.24">2.1.24</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.25">2.1.25</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.26">2.1.26</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.28">2.1.28</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.29">2.1.29</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.30">2.1.30</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.31">2.1.31</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.32">2.1.32</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.33">2.1.33</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.1.34">2.1.34</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.35">2.1.35</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.36">2.1.36</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.37">2.1.37</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.38">2.1.38</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.39">2.1.39</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.40">2.1.40</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.41">2.1.41</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.42">2.1.42</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.44">2.1.44</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.45">2.1.45</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.46">2.1.46</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.47">2.1.47</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.48">2.1.48</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.1.49">2.1.49</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="2.2" style="text-align: center;">§ 2.2. Momentum. Center of mass</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.2.16">2.2.16</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.2.23">2.2.23</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.2.24">2.2.24</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.2.29">2.2.29</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.2.34">2.2.34</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.2.37">2.2.37</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.2.38">2.2.38</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.2.39">2.2.39</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.2.41">2.2.41</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.2.42">2.2.42</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.2.44">2.2.44</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="2.3" style="text-align: center;">§ 2.3. Kinetic energy. Work. Potential energy</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.3.30">2.3.30</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.3.35">2.3.35</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.3.36">2.3.36</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.3.38">2.3.38</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.3.39">2.3.39</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.3.40">2.3.40</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.3.41">2.3.41</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.3.44">2.3.44</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.3.45">2.3.45</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.3.46">2.3.46</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.3.48">2.3.48</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.3.49">2.3.49</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="2.4" style="text-align: center;">§ 2.4. Energy of a system. Energy transfer. Power</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.4.1">2.4.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.4.9">2.4.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.4.16">2.4.16</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.4.17">2.4.17</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.4.20">2.4.20</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.4.34">2.4.34</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.4.35">2.4.35</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="2.5" style="text-align: center;">§ 2.5. Collisions</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.5.9">2.5.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.5.17">2.5.17</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.5.18">2.5.18</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.5.35">2.5.35</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.5.36">2.5.36</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.5.38">2.5.38</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="2.6" style="text-align: center;">§ 2.6. Gravitational force. Kepler's laws</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.6.14">2.6.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.6.36">2.6.36</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.6.37">2.6.37</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.6.41">2.6.41</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.6.42">2.6.42</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.6.43">2.6.43</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.6.45">2.6.45</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.6.46">2.6.46</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.6.48">2.6.48</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.6.52">2.6.52</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="2.7" style="text-align: center;">§ 2.7. Rotation of a solid body</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.7.6">2.7.6</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.7.19">2.7.19</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.7.20">2.7.20</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.7.27">2.7.27</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.7.41">2.7.41</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.7.42">2.7.42</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.7.44">2.7.44</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="2.8" style="text-align: center;">§ 2.8. Statics</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.8.1">2.8.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.8.4">2.8.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.8.11">2.8.11</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.8.13">2.8.13</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.8.14">2.8.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.8.17">2.8.17</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/2.8.25">2.8.25</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.8.34">2.8.34</a></li>
<li><a href="en/2.8.37">2.8.37</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="3" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 3. Oscillations and Waves</h2>
<h3 id="3.1" style="text-align: center;">§ 3.1. Small deviations from equilibrium</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/3.1.1">3.1.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.2">3.1.2</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.3">3.1.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.4">3.1.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.5">3.1.5</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/3.1.6">3.1.6</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.7">3.1.7</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.8">3.1.8</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.9">3.1.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.10">3.1.10</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/3.1.11">3.1.11</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.12">3.1.12</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.15">3.1.15</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.16">3.1.16</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.1.17">3.1.17</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="3.2" style="text-align: center;">§ 3.2. Period and frequency of free oscillations</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/3.2.1">3.2.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.2">3.2.2</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.3">3.2.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.4">3.2.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.5">3.2.5</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.6">3.2.6</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/3.2.7">3.2.7</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.8">3.2.8</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.9">3.2.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.10">3.2.10</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.11">3.2.11</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/3.2.12">3.2.12</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.13">3.2.13</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.14">3.2.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.16">3.2.16</a></li>
<li><a href="en/3.2.17">3.2.17</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="3.3" style="text-align: center;">§ 3.3. Harmonic motion</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/3.3.3">3.3.3</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/3.3.8">3.3.8</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="4" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 4. Fluid Mechanics</h2>
<h3 id="4.1" style="text-align: center;">§ 4.1. Fluid Pressure</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/4.1.12">4.1.12</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/4.1.13">4.1.13</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/4.1.22">4.1.22</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="4.2" style="text-align: center;">§ 4.2. Swimming. Archimedes' law</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/4.2.6">4.2.6</a></li>
<li><a href="en/4.2.7">4.2.7</a></li>
<li><a href="en/4.2.11">4.2.11</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/4.2.12">4.2.12</a></li>
<li><a href="en/4.2.13">4.2.13</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/4.2.14">4.2.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/4.2.26">4.2.26</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="5" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 5. Molecular Physics</h2>
<h3 id="5.2" style="text-align: center;">§ 5.2. Distribution of gas molecules by velocity</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/5.2.9">5.2.9</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="5.3" style="text-align: center;">§ 5.3. Collisions of molecules. Transfer processes</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/5.3.1">5.3.1</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/5.3.2">5.3.2</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/5.3.3">5.3.3</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="5.5" style="text-align: center;">§ 5.5. Equation of state of an ideal gas</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/5.5.3">5.5.3</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/5.5.16">5.5.16</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="5.6" style="text-align: center;">§ 5.6. First Law of Thermodynamics. Heat capacity</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/5.6.22">5.6.22</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/5.6.26">5.6.26</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="5.9" style="text-align: center;">§ 5.9. Second Law of Thermodynamics</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/5.9.10">5.9.10</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="6" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 6. Electrostatics</h2>
<h3 id="6.2" style="text-align: center;">§ 6.2. The flux of the electric field. Gauss's theorem</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/6.2.10">6.2.10</a></li>
<li><a href="en/6.2.11">6.2.11</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/6.2.12">6.2.12</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/6.2.13">6.2.13</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="6.4" style="text-align: center;">§ 6.4. Capacitors</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/6.4.7">6.4.7</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="6.5" style="text-align: center;">§ 6.5. Electrical pressure. The energy of an electric field</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/6.5.1">6.5.1</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/6.5.2">6.5.2</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="7" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 7. Motion of charged particles in an electric field</h2>
<h3 id="7.1" style="text-align: center;">§ 7.1. Movement in a constant electric field</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/7.1.3">7.1.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/7.1.6">7.1.6</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/7.1.12">7.1.12</a></li>
<li><a href="en/7.1.17">7.1.17</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/7.1.22">7.1.22</a></li>
<li><a href="en/7.1.23">7.1.23</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="7.3" style="text-align: center;">§ 7.3. Motion in an alternating electric field</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/7.3.9">7.3.9</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="8" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 8. Electric current</h2>
<h3 id="8.3" style="text-align: center;">§ 8.3. Electric circuits</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/8.3.15">8.3.15</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="9" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 9. Constant magnetic field</h2>
<h3 id="9.1" style="text-align: center;">§ 9.1. Induction of the magnetic field. The effect of a magnetic field on a current</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/9.1.1">9.1.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.2">9.1.2</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.3">9.1.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.4">9.1.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.5">9.1.5</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/9.1.6">9.1.6</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.7">9.1.7</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.8">9.1.8</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.9">9.1.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.10">9.1.10</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/9.1.11">9.1.11</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.12">9.1.12</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.13">9.1.13</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.14">9.1.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.1.15">9.1.15</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="9.2" style="text-align: center;">§ 9.2. The magnetic field of a moving charge. Induction of the magnetic field from a linear current</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/9.2.1">9.2.1</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.2">9.2.2</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.3">9.2.3</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.4">9.2.4</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.5">9.2.5</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.6">9.2.6</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/9.2.7">9.2.7</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.8">9.2.8</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.9">9.2.9</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.10">9.2.10</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.11">9.2.11</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.12">9.2.12</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/9.2.13">9.2.13</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.14">9.2.14</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.15">9.2.15</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.16">9.2.16</a></li>
<li><a href="en/9.2.17">9.2.17</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="9.3" style="text-align: center;">§ 9.3. The magnetic field from a current distributed over a surface of space</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/9.3.2">9.3.2</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="10" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 10. Motion of charged particles in complex fields</h2>
<h3 id="10.1" style="text-align: center;">§ 10.1. Motion in a homogeneous magnetic field</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/10.1.15">10.1.15</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="10.2" style="text-align: center;">§ 10.2. Drift motion of particles</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/10.2.8">10.2.8</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/10.2.11">10.2.11</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/10.2.12">10.2.12</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="11" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 11. Electromagnetic induction</h2>
<h3 id="11.2" style="text-align: center;">§ 11.2. Vortex electric field</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/11.2.2">11.2.2</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="11.5" style="text-align: center;">§ 11.5. Magnetic flux conservation. Superconductors in magnetic field</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/11.5.11">11.5.11</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="12" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 12. Electromagnetic waves</h2>
<h3 id="12.1" style="text-align: center;">§ 12.1. Properties, emission and reflection of electromagnetic waves</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/12.1.4">12.1.4</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="13" style="text-align: center;">Chapter 13. Geometrical optics. Photometry. Quantum nature of light</h2>
<h3 id="13.2" style="text-align: center;">§ 13.2. Refraction of light. The lens formula</h3>
<div class="columns"><ul class="column">
<li><a href="en/13.2.11">13.2.11</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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