diff --git a/src/astral/__init__.py b/src/astral/__init__.py
index 46c4adc..f16f882 100644
--- a/src/astral/__init__.py
+++ b/src/astral/__init__.py
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ def dms_to_float(
         _dms_re = r"(?P<deg>\d{1,3})[°]((?P<min>\d{1,2})[′'])?((?P<sec>\d{1,2})[″\"])?(?P<dir>[NSEW])?"  # noqa
         dms_match = re.match(_dms_re, str(dms), flags=re.IGNORECASE)
         if dms_match:
-            deg = dms_match.group("deg") or 0.0
-            min_ = dms_match.group("min") or 0.0
-            sec = dms_match.group("sec") or 0.0
+            deg = dms_match.group("deg") or 0
+            min_ = dms_match.group("min") or 0
+            sec = dms_match.group("sec") or 0
             dir_ = dms_match.group("dir") or "E"
 
             res = float(deg)
@@ -133,38 +133,27 @@ def dms_to_float(
             ) from exc
 
     if limit is not None:
-        if res > limit:
-            res = limit
-        elif res < -limit:
-            res = -limit
-
+        res = min(max(-limit, res), limit)
     return res
 
 
 def hours_to_time(value: float) -> datetime.time:
     """Convert a floating point number of hours to a datetime.time"""
-
-    hour = int(value)
-    value -= hour
-    value *= 60
-    minute = int(value)
-    value -= minute
-    value *= 60
-    second = int(value)
-    value -= second
-    microsecond = int(value * 1000000)
-
+    rest = int(value * 60 * 60 * 1_000_000)
+    rest, microsecond = divmod(rest, 1_000_000)
+    rest, second = divmod(rest, 60)
+    hour, minute = divmod(rest, 60)
     return datetime.time(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
 
 
 def time_to_hours(value: datetime.time) -> float:
     """Convert a datetime.time to a floating point number of hours"""
 
-    hours = 0.0
+    hours = 0
     hours += value.hour
     hours += value.minute / 60
     hours += value.second / 3600
-    hours += value.microsecond / 1000000
+    hours += value.microsecond / 3_600_000_000
 
     return hours
 
@@ -180,12 +169,12 @@ def refraction_at_zenith(zenith: float) -> float:
     """Calculate the degrees of refraction of the sun due to the sun's elevation."""
 
     elevation = 90 - zenith
-    if elevation >= 85.0:
+    if elevation >= 85:
         return 0
 
-    refraction_correction = 0.0
+    refraction_correction = 0
     te = tan(radians(elevation))
-    if elevation > 5.0:
+    if elevation > 5:
         refraction_correction = (
             58.1 / te - 0.07 / (te * te * te) + 0.000086 / (te * te * te * te * te)
         )
@@ -193,11 +182,11 @@ def refraction_at_zenith(zenith: float) -> float:
         step1 = -12.79 + elevation * 0.711
         step2 = 103.4 + elevation * step1
         step3 = -518.2 + elevation * step2
-        refraction_correction = 1735.0 + elevation * step3
+        refraction_correction = 1735 + elevation * step3
     else:
         refraction_correction = -20.774 / te
 
-    refraction_correction = refraction_correction / 3600.0
+    refraction_correction = refraction_correction / 3600
 
     return refraction_correction
 
@@ -253,13 +242,13 @@ class Observer:
 
     latitude: Degrees = 51.4733
     longitude: Degrees = -0.0008333
-    elevation: Elevation = 0.0
+    elevation: Elevation = 0
 
     def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Union[str, float, Elevation]):
         if name == "latitude":
-            value = dms_to_float(value, 90.0)
+            value = dms_to_float(value, 90)
         elif name == "longitude":
-            value = dms_to_float(value, 180.0)
+            value = dms_to_float(value, 180)
         elif name == "elevation":
             if isinstance(value, tuple):
                 value = (float(value[0]), float(value[1]))
@@ -296,15 +285,15 @@ class LocationInfo:
 
     def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Union[Degrees, str]):
         if name == "latitude":
-            value = dms_to_float(value, 90.0)
+            value = dms_to_float(value, 90)
         elif name == "longitude":
-            value = dms_to_float(value, 180.0)
+            value = dms_to_float(value, 180)
         super().__setattr__(name, value)
 
     @property
     def observer(self):
         """Return an Observer at this location"""
-        return Observer(self.latitude, self.longitude, 0.0)
+        return Observer(self.latitude, self.longitude, 0)
 
     @property
     def tzinfo(self):  # type: ignore
diff --git a/src/astral/__main__.py b/src/astral/__main__.py
index 9aa8f51..a7e3c4b 100644
--- a/src/astral/__main__.py
+++ b/src/astral/__main__.py
@@ -22,13 +22,17 @@
     "-r", "--region", dest="region", default="On Earth", help="Region (free-form text)"
 )
 options.add_argument(
-    "-d", "--date", dest="date", help="Date to compute times for (yyyy-mm-dd)"
+    "-d", "--date",
+    dest="date",
+    type=datetime.date.fromisoformat,
+    default=datetime.date.today(),
+    help="Date to compute times for (yyyy-mm-dd)",
 )
 options.add_argument("-t", "--tzname", help="Timezone name")
 options.add_argument("latitude", type=float, help="Location latitude (float)")
 options.add_argument("longitude", type=float, help="Location longitude (float)")
 options.add_argument(
-    "elevation", nargs="?", type=float, default=0.0, help="Elevation in metres (float)"
+    "elevation", nargs="?", type=float, default=0, help="Elevation in metres (float)"
 )
 args = options.parse_args()
 
@@ -44,12 +48,7 @@
 
 kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 kwargs["observer"] = obs
-
-if args.date is not None:
-    try:
-        kwargs["date"] = datetime.datetime.strptime(args.date, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
-    except:  # noqa: E722
-        kwargs["date"] = datetime.date.today()
+kwargs["date"] = args.date
 
 sun_as_str = {}
 format_str = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"
diff --git a/src/astral/geocoder.py b/src/astral/geocoder.py
index b260431..f160545 100644
--- a/src/astral/geocoder.py
+++ b/src/astral/geocoder.py
@@ -469,8 +469,8 @@ def _locationinfo_from_str(info: str) -> LocationInfo:
         name=idxable[0],
         region=idxable[1],
         timezone=idxable[2],
-        latitude=dms_to_float(idxable[3], 90.0),
-        longitude=dms_to_float(idxable[4], 180.0),
+        latitude=dms_to_float(idxable[3], 90),
+        longitude=dms_to_float(idxable[4], 180),
     )
 
 
@@ -481,8 +481,8 @@ def _locationinfo_from_indexable(
         name=idxable[0],
         region=idxable[1],
         timezone=idxable[2],
-        latitude=dms_to_float(idxable[3], 90.0),
-        longitude=dms_to_float(idxable[4], 180.0),
+        latitude=dms_to_float(idxable[3], 90),
+        longitude=dms_to_float(idxable[4], 180),
     )
 
 
diff --git a/src/astral/julian.py b/src/astral/julian.py
index dd5d481..264cf0d 100644
--- a/src/astral/julian.py
+++ b/src/astral/julian.py
@@ -9,12 +9,9 @@ class Calendar(Enum):
 
 
 def day_fraction_to_time(fraction: float) -> datetime.time:
-    s = fraction * (24 * 60 * 60)
-    h = int(s / (60 * 60))
-    s -= h * 60 * 60
-    m = int(s / 60)
-    s -= m * 60
-    s = int(s)
+    rest = int(fraction * (24 * 60 * 60))
+    rest, s = divmod(rest, 60)
+    h, m = divmod(rest, 60)
     return datetime.time(h, m, s)
 
 
@@ -32,12 +29,10 @@ def _time_to_seconds(t: datetime.time) -> int:
     year = at.year
     month = at.month
     day = at.day
-    day_fraction = 0.0
+    day_fraction = 0
     if isinstance(at, datetime.datetime):
         t = _time_to_seconds(at.time())
         day_fraction = t / (24 * 60 * 60)
-    else:
-        day_fraction = 0.0
 
     if month <= 2:
         year -= 1
@@ -95,7 +90,7 @@ def julianday_to_datetime(jd: float) -> datetime.datetime:
         a = z
     else:
         alpha = int((z - 1867216.25) / 36524.25)
-        a = z + 1 + alpha + int(alpha / 4.0)
+        a = z + 1 + alpha + int(alpha / 4)
 
     b = a + 1524
     c = int((b - 122.1) / 365.25)
@@ -127,14 +122,14 @@ def julianday_to_datetime(jd: float) -> datetime.datetime:
 
 def julianday_to_juliancentury(julianday: float) -> float:
     """Convert a Julian Day number to a Julian Century"""
-    return (julianday - 2451545.0) / 36525.0
+    return (julianday - 2451545) / 36525
 
 
 def juliancentury_to_julianday(juliancentury: float) -> float:
     """Convert a Julian Century number to a Julian Day"""
-    return (juliancentury * 36525.0) + 2451545.0
+    return (juliancentury * 36525) + 2451545
 
 
 def julianday_2000(at: Union[datetime.datetime, datetime.date]) -> float:
     """Calculate the numer of Julian Days since Jan 1.5, 2000"""
-    return julianday(at) - 2451545.0
+    return julianday(at) - 2451545
diff --git a/src/astral/location.py b/src/astral/location.py
index 2162280..2334f57 100644
--- a/src/astral/location.py
+++ b/src/astral/location.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         if self.region:
-            _repr = "%s/%s" % (self.name, self.region)
+            _repr = f"{self.name}/{self.region}"
         else:
             _repr = self.name
         return (
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def info(self) -> LocationInfo:
 
     @property
     def observer(self) -> Observer:
-        return Observer(self.latitude, self.longitude, 0.0)
+        return Observer(self.latitude, self.longitude, 0)
 
     @property
     def name(self) -> str:
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def latitude(self) -> float:
     @latitude.setter
     def latitude(self, latitude: Union[float, str]) -> None:
         self._location_info = dataclasses.replace(
-            self._location_info, latitude=dms_to_float(latitude, 90.0)
+            self._location_info, latitude=dms_to_float(latitude, 90)
         )
 
     @property
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def longitude(self) -> float:
     @longitude.setter
     def longitude(self, longitude: Union[float, str]) -> None:
         self._location_info = dataclasses.replace(
-            self._location_info, longitude=dms_to_float(longitude, 180.0)
+            self._location_info, longitude=dms_to_float(longitude, 180)
         )
 
     @property
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def timezone(self) -> str:
     @timezone.setter
     def timezone(self, name: str) -> None:
         if name not in zoneinfo.available_timezones():  # type: ignore
-            raise ValueError("Timezone '%s' not recognized" % name)
+            raise ValueError(f"Timezone {name!r} not recognized")
 
         self._location_info = dataclasses.replace(self._location_info, timezone=name)
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def tzinfo(self) -> zoneinfo.ZoneInfo:  # type: ignore
             return tz  # type: ignore
         except zoneinfo.ZoneInfoNotFoundError as exc:  # type: ignore
             raise ValueError(
-                "Unknown timezone '%s'" % self._location_info.timezone
+                f"Unknown timezone {self._location_info.timezone!r}"
             ) from exc
 
     tz = tzinfo
@@ -199,9 +199,9 @@ def solar_depression(self, depression: Union[float, str, Depression]) -> None:
         if isinstance(depression, str):
             try:
                 self._solar_depression = {
-                    "civil": 6.0,
-                    "nautical": 12.0,
-                    "astronomical": 18.0,
+                    "civil": 6,
+                    "nautical": 12,
+                    "astronomical": 18,
                 }[depression]
             except KeyError:
                 raise KeyError(
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ def sun(
         self,
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """Returns dawn, sunrise, noon, sunset and dusk as a dictionary.
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ def dawn(
         self,
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> datetime.datetime:
         """Calculates the time in the morning when the sun is a certain number
         of degrees below the horizon. By default this is 6 degrees but can be
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ def sunrise(
         self,
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> datetime.datetime:
         """Return sunrise time.
 
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ def sunset(
         self,
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> datetime.datetime:
         """Calculates sunset time (the time in the evening when the sun is a
         0.833 degrees below the horizon. This is to account for refraction.)
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ def dusk(
         self,
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> datetime.datetime:
         """Calculates the dusk time (the time in the evening when the sun is a
         certain number of degrees below the horizon. By default this is 6
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ def daylight(
         self,
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> Tuple[datetime.datetime, datetime.datetime]:
         """Calculates the daylight time (the time between sunrise and sunset)
 
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ def night(
         self,
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> Tuple[datetime.datetime, datetime.datetime]:
         """Calculates the night time (the time between astronomical dusk and
         astronomical dawn of the next day)
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ def twilight(
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         direction: SunDirection = SunDirection.RISING,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ):
         """Returns the start and end times of Twilight in the UTC timezone when
         the sun is traversing in the specified direction.
@@ -667,11 +667,11 @@ def time_at_elevation(
         if date is None:
             date = self.today(local)
 
-        if elevation > 90.0:
-            elevation = 180.0 - elevation
+        if elevation > 90:
+            elevation = 180 - elevation
             direction = SunDirection.SETTING
 
-        observer = Observer(self.latitude, self.longitude, 0.0)
+        observer = Observer(self.latitude, self.longitude, 0)
 
         if local:
             return astral.sun.time_at_elevation(
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ def rahukaalam(
         self,
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> Tuple[datetime.datetime, datetime.datetime]:
         """Calculates the period of rahukaalam.
 
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ def golden_hour(
         direction: SunDirection = SunDirection.RISING,
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> Tuple[datetime.datetime, datetime.datetime]:
         """Returns the start and end times of the Golden Hour when the sun is traversing
         in the specified direction.
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ def blue_hour(
         direction: SunDirection = SunDirection.RISING,
         date: Optional[datetime.date] = None,
         local: bool = True,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> Tuple[datetime.datetime, datetime.datetime]:
         """Returns the start and end times of the Blue Hour when the sun is traversing
         in the specified direction.
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ def blue_hour(
     def solar_azimuth(
         self,
         dateandtime: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> float:
         """Calculates the solar azimuth angle for a specific date/time.
 
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ def solar_azimuth(
     def solar_elevation(
         self,
         dateandtime: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> float:
         """Calculates the solar elevation angle for a specific time.
 
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ def solar_elevation(
     def solar_zenith(
         self,
         dateandtime: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
-        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0.0,
+        observer_elevation: Elevation = 0,
     ) -> float:
         """Calculates the solar zenith angle for a specific time.
 
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ def solar_zenith(
         :returns: The zenith angle in degrees from vertical.
         """
 
-        return 90.0 - self.solar_elevation(dateandtime, observer_elevation)
+        return 90 - self.solar_elevation(dateandtime, observer_elevation)
 
     def moon_phase(self, date: Optional[datetime.date] = None, local: bool = True):
         """Calculates the moon phase for a specific date.
diff --git a/src/astral/moon.py b/src/astral/moon.py
index b2f3691..0fe32ea 100644
--- a/src/astral/moon.py
+++ b/src/astral/moon.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 import datetime
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field, replace
-from math import asin, atan2, cos, degrees, fabs, pi, radians, sin, sqrt
+from math import asin, atan2, cos, degrees, fabs, hypot, pi, radians, sin, sqrt
 from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Union
 
 try:
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 __all__ = ["moonrise", "moonset", "phase"]
 
 # Using 1896 arc seconds as moon's apparent diameter
-MOON_APPARENT_RADIUS = 1896.0 / (60.0 * 60.0)
+MOON_APPARENT_RADIUS = 1896 / (60 * 60)
 
 Degrees = float
 Radians = float
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ def moon_position(jd2000: float) -> AstralBodyPosition:
     T = jd2000 / 36525 + 1
 
     def _calc_value(table: List[Table4Row]) -> float:
-        result = 0.0
+        result = 0
         for row in table:
-            revolutions: float = 0.0
+            revolutions: float = 0
             for arg_number, multiplier in row.argument_multiplers.items():
                 if multiplier != 0:
                     arg_value = argument_values[arg_number - 1]
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ def moon_transit_event(
         window: Sliding window of moon positions that covers a part of the day
     """
     mst = radians(lmst)
-    hour_angle = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+    hour_angle = [0, 0, 0]
 
     k1 = radians(15 * 1.0027379097096138907193594760917)
 
@@ -256,11 +256,7 @@ def moon_transit_event(
     x = cl * sd - sl * cd * ch
     y = -cd * sh
 
-    az = degrees(atan2(y, x))
-    if az < 0:
-        az += 360
-    if az > 360:
-        az -= 360
+    az = degrees(atan2(y, x)) % 360
 
     event_time = datetime.time(h, m, 0)
     if window[0].distance < 0 and window[2].distance > 0:
@@ -535,7 +531,7 @@ def elevation(
     y = -sh * cd
 
     z = ch * cd * cl + sd * sl
-    r = sqrt(x * x + y * y)
+    r = hypot(x, y)
     elevation = degrees(atan2(z, r))
 
     return elevation
@@ -551,24 +547,24 @@ def zenith(
 def _phase_asfloat(date: datetime.date) -> float:
     jd = julianday(date)
     dt = pow((jd - 2382148), 2) / (41048480 * 86400)
-    t = (jd + dt - 2451545.0) / 36525
+    t = (jd + dt - 2451545) / 36525
     t2 = pow(t, 2)
     t3 = pow(t, 3)
 
     d = 297.85 + (445267.1115 * t) - (0.0016300 * t2) + (t3 / 545868)
-    d = radians(d % 360.0)
+    d = radians(d % 360)
 
     m = 357.53 + (35999.0503 * t)
-    m = radians(m % 360.0)
+    m = radians(m % 360)
 
     m1 = 134.96 + (477198.8676 * t) + (0.0089970 * t2) + (t3 / 69699)
-    m1 = radians(m1 % 360.0)
+    m1 = radians(m1 % 360)
 
     elong = degrees(d) + 6.29 * sin(m1)
     elong -= 2.10 * sin(m)
     elong += 1.27 * sin(2 * d - m1)
     elong += 0.66 * sin(2 * d)
-    elong = elong % 360.0
+    elong = elong % 360
     elong = int(elong)
     moon = ((elong + 6.43) / 360) * 28
     return moon
@@ -595,7 +591,5 @@ def phase(date: Optional[datetime.date] = None) -> float:
     if date is None:
         date = today()
 
-    moon = _phase_asfloat(date)
-    if moon >= 28.0:
-        moon -= 28.0
+    moon = _phase_asfloat(date) % 28
     return moon
diff --git a/src/astral/sun.py b/src/astral/sun.py
index 2b53c0b..3b7e8cb 100644
--- a/src/astral/sun.py
+++ b/src/astral/sun.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import datetime
-from math import acos, asin, atan2, cos, degrees, fabs, radians, sin, sqrt, tan
+from math import acos, asin, atan2, cos, degrees, fabs, hypot, radians, sin, tan
 from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 try:
@@ -41,28 +41,13 @@
 
 
 # Using 32 arc minutes as sun's apparent diameter
-SUN_APPARENT_RADIUS = 32.0 / (60.0 * 2.0)
-
-
-# region Backend
-def minutes_to_timedelta(minutes: float) -> datetime.timedelta:
-    """Convert a floating point number of minutes to a
-    :class:`~datetime.timedelta`
-    """
-    d = int(minutes / 1440)
-    minutes = minutes - (d * 1440)
-    minutes = minutes * 60
-    s = int(minutes)
-    sfrac = minutes - s
-    us = int(sfrac * 1_000_000)
-
-    return datetime.timedelta(days=d, seconds=s, microseconds=us)
+SUN_APPARENT_RADIUS = 32 / (60 * 2)
 
 
 def geom_mean_long_sun(juliancentury: float) -> float:
     """Calculate the geometric mean longitude of the sun"""
     l0 = 280.46646 + juliancentury * (36000.76983 + 0.0003032 * juliancentury)
-    return l0 % 360.0
+    return l0 % 360
 
 
 def geom_mean_anomaly_sun(juliancentury: float) -> float:
@@ -127,7 +112,7 @@ def mean_obliquity_of_ecliptic(juliancentury: float) -> float:
     seconds = 21.448 - juliancentury * (
         46.815 + juliancentury * (0.00059 - juliancentury * (0.001813))
     )
-    return 23.0 + (26.0 + (seconds / 60.0)) / 60.0
+    return 23 + (26 + (seconds / 60)) / 60
 
 
 def obliquity_correction(juliancentury: float) -> float:
@@ -159,7 +144,7 @@ def sun_declination(juliancentury: float) -> float:
 
 def var_y(juliancentury: float) -> float:
     epsilon = obliquity_correction(juliancentury)
-    y = tan(radians(epsilon) / 2.0)
+    y = tan(radians(epsilon) / 2)
     return y * y
 
 
@@ -170,21 +155,21 @@ def eq_of_time(juliancentury: float) -> Minutes:
 
     y = var_y(juliancentury)
 
-    sin2l0 = sin(2.0 * radians(l0))
+    sin2l0 = sin(2 * radians(l0))
     sinm = sin(radians(m))
-    cos2l0 = cos(2.0 * radians(l0))
-    sin4l0 = sin(4.0 * radians(l0))
-    sin2m = sin(2.0 * radians(m))
+    cos2l0 = cos(2 * radians(l0))
+    sin4l0 = sin(4 * radians(l0))
+    sin2m = sin(2 * radians(m))
 
     Etime = (
         y * sin2l0
-        - 2.0 * e * sinm
-        + 4.0 * e * y * sinm * cos2l0
+        - 2 * e * sinm
+        + 4 * e * y * sinm * cos2l0
         - 0.5 * y * y * sin4l0
         - 1.25 * e * e * sin2m
     )
 
-    return degrees(Etime) * 4.0
+    return degrees(Etime) * 4
 
 
 def hour_angle(
@@ -241,12 +226,12 @@ def adjust_to_horizon(elevation: float) -> float:
 
 def adjust_to_obscuring_feature(elevation: Tuple[float, float]) -> float:
     """Calculate the number of degrees to adjust for an obscuring feature"""
-    if elevation[0] == 0.0:
-        return 0.0
+    if elevation[0] == 0:
+        return 0
 
-    sign = -1 if elevation[0] < 0.0 else 1
+    sign = -1 if elevation[0] < 0 else 1
     return sign * degrees(
-        acos(fabs(elevation[0]) / sqrt(pow(elevation[0], 2) + pow(elevation[1], 2)))
+        acos(fabs(elevation[0]) / hypot(elevation[0], elevation[1]))
     )
 
 
@@ -273,15 +258,10 @@ def time_of_transit(
     Returns:
         the time when the sun transits the specificed zenith
     """
-    if observer.latitude > 89.8:
-        latitude = 89.8
-    elif observer.latitude < -89.8:
-        latitude = -89.8
-    else:
-        latitude = observer.latitude
+    latitude = min(max(-89.8, observer.latitude), 89.8)
 
-    adjustment_for_elevation = 0.0
-    if isinstance(observer.elevation, float) and observer.elevation > 0.0:
+    adjustment_for_elevation = 0
+    if isinstance(observer.elevation, float) and observer.elevation > 0:
         adjustment_for_elevation = adjust_to_horizon(observer.elevation)
     elif isinstance(observer.elevation, tuple):
         adjustment_for_elevation = adjust_to_obscuring_feature(observer.elevation)
@@ -291,11 +271,11 @@ def time_of_transit(
             zenith + adjustment_for_elevation
         )
     else:
-        adjustment_for_refraction = 0.0
+        adjustment_for_refraction = 0
 
     jd = julianday(date)
-    adjustment = 0.0
-    timeUTC = 0.0
+    adjustment = 0
+    timeUTC = 0
 
     for _ in range(2):
         jc = julianday_to_juliancentury(jd + adjustment)
@@ -311,17 +291,15 @@ def time_of_transit(
         delta = -observer.longitude - degrees(hourangle)
 
         eqtime = eq_of_time(jc)
-        offset = delta * 4.0 - eqtime
+        offset = delta * 4 - eqtime
 
-        if offset < -720.0:
-            offset += 1440
+        timeUTC = (720 + offset) % 1440
+        adjustment = timeUTC / 1440
 
-        timeUTC = 720.0 + offset
-        adjustment = timeUTC / 1440.0
-
-    td = minutes_to_timedelta(timeUTC)
-    dt = datetime.datetime(date.year, date.month, date.day) + td
-    dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)  # pylint: disable=E1120
+    dt = (
+        datetime.datetime(date.year, date.month, date.day, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+        + datetime.timedelta(minutes=timeUTC)
+    )
     return dt
 
 
@@ -357,8 +335,8 @@ def time_at_elevation(
         Date and time at which the sun is at the specified elevation.
     """
 
-    if elevation > 90.0:
-        elevation = 180.0 - elevation
+    if elevation > 90:
+        elevation = 180 - elevation
         direction = SunDirection.SETTING
 
     if isinstance(tzinfo, str):
@@ -408,41 +386,11 @@ def noon(
 
     jc = julianday_to_juliancentury(julianday(date))
     eqtime = eq_of_time(jc)
-    timeUTC = (720.0 - (4 * observer.longitude) - eqtime) / 60.0
-
-    hour = int(timeUTC)
-    minute = int((timeUTC - hour) * 60)
-    second = int((((timeUTC - hour) * 60) - minute) * 60)
-
-    if second > 59:
-        second -= 60
-        minute += 1
-    elif second < 0:
-        second += 60
-        minute -= 1
-
-    if minute > 59:
-        minute -= 60
-        hour += 1
-    elif minute < 0:
-        minute += 60
-        hour -= 1
-
-    if hour > 23:
-        hour -= 24
-        date += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
-    elif hour < 0:
-        hour += 24
-        date -= datetime.timedelta(days=1)
-
-    noon = datetime.datetime(
-        date.year,
-        date.month,
-        date.day,
-        hour,
-        minute,
-        second,
-        tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc,
+    timeUTC = (720 - (4 * observer.longitude) - eqtime) / 60
+
+    noon = (
+        datetime.datetime(date.year, date.month, date.day, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+        + datetime.timedelta(hours=timeUTC)
     )
     return noon.astimezone(tzinfo)  # type: ignore # pylint: disable=E1120
 
@@ -476,42 +424,14 @@ def midnight(
 
     midday = datetime.time(12, 0, 0)
     jd = julianday(datetime.datetime.combine(date, midday))
-    newt = julianday_to_juliancentury(jd + 0.5 + -observer.longitude / 360.0)
+    newt = julianday_to_juliancentury(jd + 0.5 + -observer.longitude / 360)
 
     eqtime = eq_of_time(newt)
-    timeUTC = (-observer.longitude * 4.0) - eqtime
-
-    timeUTC = timeUTC / 60.0
-    hour = int(timeUTC)
-    minute = int((timeUTC - hour) * 60)
-    second = int((((timeUTC - hour) * 60) - minute) * 60)
-
-    if second > 59:
-        second -= 60
-        minute += 1
-    elif second < 0:
-        second += 60
-        minute -= 1
-
-    if minute > 59:
-        minute -= 60
-        hour += 1
-    elif minute < 0:
-        minute += 60
-        hour -= 1
-
-    if hour < 0:
-        hour += 24
-        date -= datetime.timedelta(days=1)
-
-    midnight = datetime.datetime(
-        date.year,
-        date.month,
-        date.day,
-        hour,
-        minute,
-        second,
-        tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc,
+    timeUTC = (-observer.longitude * 4) - eqtime
+    timeUTC = timeUTC / 60
+    midnight = (
+        datetime.datetime(date.year, date.month, date.day, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+        + datetime.timedelta(hours=timeUTC)
     )
     return midnight.astimezone(tzinfo)  # type: ignore
 
@@ -521,20 +441,14 @@ def zenith_and_azimuth(
     dateandtime: datetime.datetime,
     with_refraction: bool = True,
 ) -> Tuple[float, float]:
-    if observer.latitude > 89.8:
-        latitude = 89.8
-    elif observer.latitude < -89.8:
-        latitude = -89.8
-    else:
-        latitude = observer.latitude
-
+    latitude = min(max(-89.8, observer.latitude), 89.8)
     longitude = observer.longitude
 
     if dateandtime.tzinfo is None:
-        zone = 0.0
+        zone = 0
         utc_datetime = dateandtime
     else:
-        zone = -dateandtime.utcoffset().total_seconds() / 3600.0  # type: ignore
+        zone = -dateandtime.utcoffset().total_seconds() / 3600  # type: ignore
         utc_datetime = dateandtime.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc)
 
     jd = julianday(utc_datetime)
@@ -543,22 +457,21 @@ def zenith_and_azimuth(
     eqtime = eq_of_time(t)
 
     # 360deg * 4 == 1440 minutes, 60*24 = 1440 minutes == 1 rotation
-    solarTimeFix = eqtime + (4.0 * longitude) + (60 * zone)
+    solarTimeFix = eqtime + (4 * longitude) + (60 * zone)
     trueSolarTime = (
-        dateandtime.hour * 60.0
+        dateandtime.hour * 60
         + dateandtime.minute
-        + dateandtime.second / 60.0
+        + dateandtime.second / 60
         + solarTimeFix
     )
     #    in minutes as a float, fractional part is seconds
 
-    while trueSolarTime > 1440:
-        trueSolarTime = trueSolarTime - 1440
+    trueSolarTime %= 1440
 
-    hourangle = trueSolarTime / 4.0 - 180.0
+    hourangle = trueSolarTime / 4 - 180
     #    Thanks to Louis Schwarzmayr for the next line:
     if hourangle < -180:
-        hourangle = hourangle + 360.0
+        hourangle = hourangle + 360
 
     ch = cos(radians(hourangle))
     # sh = sin(radians(hourangle))
@@ -568,37 +481,25 @@ def zenith_and_azimuth(
     cd = cos(radians(declination))
 
     csz = cl * cd * ch + sl * sd
-
-    if csz > 1.0:
-        csz = 1.0
-    elif csz < -1.0:
-        csz = -1.0
-
+    csz = min(max(-1, csz), 1)
     zenith = degrees(acos(csz))
 
     azDenom = cl * sin(radians(zenith))
 
     if abs(azDenom) > 0.001:
         azRad = ((sl * cos(radians(zenith))) - sd) / azDenom
+        azRad = min(max(-1, azRad), 1)
+        azimuth = 180 - degrees(acos(azRad))
 
-        if abs(azRad) > 1.0:
-            if azRad < 0:
-                azRad = -1.0
-            else:
-                azRad = 1.0
-
-        azimuth = 180.0 - degrees(acos(azRad))
-
-        if hourangle > 0.0:
+        if hourangle > 0:
             azimuth = -azimuth
     else:
-        if latitude > 0.0:
-            azimuth = 180.0
+        if latitude > 0:
+            azimuth = 180
         else:
-            azimuth = 0.0
+            azimuth = 0
 
-    if azimuth < 0.0:
-        azimuth = azimuth + 360.0
+    azimuth %= 360
 
     if with_refraction:
         zenith -= refraction_at_zenith(zenith)
@@ -677,7 +578,7 @@ def elevation(
     if dateandtime is None:
         dateandtime = now(datetime.timezone.utc)
 
-    return 90.0 - zenith(observer, dateandtime, with_refraction)
+    return 90 - zenith(observer, dateandtime, with_refraction)
 
 
 def dawn(
@@ -711,7 +612,7 @@ def dawn(
         tzinfo = date.tzinfo or tzinfo
         date = date.date()
 
-    dep: float = 0.0
+    dep: float = 0
     if isinstance(depression, Depression):
         dep = depression.value
     else:
@@ -719,7 +620,7 @@ def dawn(
 
     try:
         tot = time_of_transit(
-            observer, date, 90.0 + dep, SunDirection.RISING
+            observer, date, 90 + dep, SunDirection.RISING
         ).astimezone(
             tzinfo  # type: ignore
         )
@@ -736,7 +637,7 @@ def dawn(
             tot = time_of_transit(
                 observer,
                 new_date,
-                90.0 + dep,
+                90 + dep,
                 SunDirection.RISING,
             ).astimezone(
                 tzinfo  # type: ignore
@@ -787,7 +688,7 @@ def sunrise(
         tot = time_of_transit(
             observer,
             date,
-            90.0 + SUN_APPARENT_RADIUS,
+            90 + SUN_APPARENT_RADIUS,
             SunDirection.RISING,
         ).astimezone(
             tzinfo  # type: ignore
@@ -804,7 +705,7 @@ def sunrise(
             tot = time_of_transit(
                 observer,
                 new_date,
-                90.0 + SUN_APPARENT_RADIUS,
+                90 + SUN_APPARENT_RADIUS,
                 SunDirection.RISING,
             ).astimezone(
                 tzinfo  # type: ignore
@@ -816,7 +717,7 @@ def sunrise(
     except ValueError as exc:
         if exc.args[0] == "math domain error":
             z = zenith(observer, noon(observer, date))
-            if z > 90.0:
+            if z > 90:
                 msg = "Sun is always below the horizon on this day, at this location."
             else:
                 msg = "Sun is always above the horizon on this day, at this location."
@@ -858,7 +759,7 @@ def sunset(
         tot = time_of_transit(
             observer,
             date,
-            90.0 + SUN_APPARENT_RADIUS,
+            90 + SUN_APPARENT_RADIUS,
             SunDirection.SETTING,
         ).astimezone(
             tzinfo  # type: ignore
@@ -875,7 +776,7 @@ def sunset(
             tot = time_of_transit(
                 observer,
                 new_date,
-                90.0 + SUN_APPARENT_RADIUS,
+                90 + SUN_APPARENT_RADIUS,
                 SunDirection.SETTING,
             ).astimezone(
                 tzinfo  # type: ignore
@@ -887,7 +788,7 @@ def sunset(
     except ValueError as exc:
         if exc.args[0] == "math domain error":
             z = zenith(observer, noon(observer, date))
-            if z > 90.0:
+            if z > 90:
                 msg = "Sun is always below the horizon on this day, at this location."
             else:
                 msg = "Sun is always above the horizon on this day, at this location."
@@ -928,7 +829,7 @@ def dusk(
         tzinfo = date.tzinfo or tzinfo
         date = date.date()
 
-    dep: float = 0.0
+    dep: float = 0
     if isinstance(depression, Depression):
         dep = depression.value
     else:
@@ -936,7 +837,7 @@ def dusk(
 
     try:
         tot = time_of_transit(
-            observer, date, 90.0 + dep, SunDirection.SETTING
+            observer, date, 90 + dep, SunDirection.SETTING
         ).astimezone(
             tzinfo  # type: ignore
         )
@@ -952,7 +853,7 @@ def dusk(
             tot = time_of_transit(
                 observer,
                 new_date,
-                90.0 + dep,
+                90 + dep,
                 SunDirection.SETTING,
             ).astimezone(
                 tzinfo  # type: ignore
diff --git a/src/test/almost_equal.py b/src/test/almost_equal.py
index 0d3228e..972ebff 100644
--- a/src/test/almost_equal.py
+++ b/src/test/almost_equal.py
@@ -4,16 +4,14 @@
 def datetime_almost_equal(
     datetime1: datetime.datetime, datetime2: datetime.datetime, seconds: int = 60
 ):
-    if not (datetime1.tzinfo):
-        datetime1 = datetime1.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
-    else:
+    if datetime1.tzinfo:
         datetime1 = datetime1.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc)
-
-    if not (datetime2.tzinfo):
-        datetime2 = datetime2.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
     else:
+        datetime1 = datetime1.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    if datetime2.tzinfo:
         datetime2 = datetime2.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc)
+    else:
+        datetime2 = datetime2.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
 
-    dd = datetime1 - datetime2
-    sd = (dd.days * 24 * 60 * 60) + dd.seconds
-    return abs(sd) <= seconds
+    return abs((datetime1 - datetime2).total_seconds()) <= seconds
diff --git a/src/test/test_misc.py b/src/test/test_misc.py
index 55c2cea..eefd737 100644
--- a/src/test/test_misc.py
+++ b/src/test/test_misc.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 # type: ignore
-from datetime import timedelta
-
 try:
     import zoneinfo
 except ImportError:
@@ -10,14 +8,6 @@
 from pytest import approx, raises
 
 from astral import dms_to_float, now, today
-from astral.sun import minutes_to_timedelta
-
-
-def test_MinutesToTimedelta():
-    assert minutes_to_timedelta(720) == timedelta(seconds=720 * 60)
-    assert minutes_to_timedelta(722) == timedelta(seconds=722 * 60)
-    assert minutes_to_timedelta(722.2) == timedelta(seconds=722.2 * 60)
-    assert minutes_to_timedelta(722.5) == timedelta(seconds=722.5 * 60)
 
 
 class TestDMS: