encapsulation.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Sun Aug 14 21:29:50 2022

@author: shreyastaware
"""

# =============================================================================
# Encapsulation
# Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented
#  programming (OOP). It describes the idea of wrapping data and the methods
#  that work on data within one unit. This puts restrictions on accessing
#  variables and methods directly and can prevent the accidental modification
#  of data. To prevent accidental change, an object’s variable can only be
#  changed by an object’s method. Those types of variables are known as
#  private variables.
# 
# A class is an example of encapsulation as it encapsulates all the data that
#  is member functions, variables, etc.
# 
# =============================================================================

# Python program to
# demonstrate private members

# Creating a Base class
class Base:
	def __init__(self):
		self.a = "GeeksforGeeks"
		self.__c = "GeeksforGeeks"

# Creating a derived class
class Derived(Base):
	def __init__(self):

		# Calling constructor of
		# Base class
		Base.__init__(self)
		print("Calling private member of base class: ")
		print(self.__c)


# Driver code
obj1 = Base()
print(obj1.a)

# Uncommenting print(obj1.c) will
# raise an AttributeError

# Uncommenting obj2 = Derived() will
# also raise an AtrributeError as
# private member of base class
# is called inside derived class