Different behavior with interpreted vs built program

[keith]

Reproduction

With this code:

import AppKit
import Foundation

print(NSAttributedString(rtf: Data(), documentAttributes: nil) as Any)

If you run directly with swift:

swift repro.swift

it prints nil.

If you instead compile and run with:

swiftc repro.swift -o repro && ./repro

It crashes with:

*** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '-[NSConcreteAttributedString initWithRTF:documentAttributes:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x600002e9f6c0'
*** First throw call stack:
(
        0   CoreFoundation                      0x0000000183996e80 __exceptionPreprocess + 176
        1   libobjc.A.dylib                     0x000000018347ecd8 objc_exception_throw + 88
        2   CoreFoundation                      0x0000000183a4c1d8 -[NSObject(NSObject) __retain_OA] + 0
        3   CoreFoundation                      0x0000000183903820 ___forwarding___ + 1568
        4   CoreFoundation                      0x0000000183903140 _CF_forwarding_prep_0 + 96
        5   repro                               0x0000000104f27dc0 $sSo18NSAttributedStringC6AppKitE3rtf18documentAttributesABSg10Foundation4DataV_SAySo12NSDictionaryCSgGSgtcfcTO + 60
        6   repro                               0x0000000104f27c70 $sSo18NSAttributedStringC6AppKitE3rtf18documentAttributesABSg10Foundation4DataV_SAySo12NSDictionaryCSgGSgtcfC + 60
        7   repro                               0x0000000104f27b44 main + 80
        8   dyld                                0x00000001834bc274 start + 2840
)
libc++abi: terminating due to uncaught exception of type NSException
zsh: abort      ./repro

Expected behavior

Ideally it would exhibit the same behavior in both cases, with whatever behavior is "correct". I imagine in this specific case the cause is a bug in Foundation not Swift causing the runtime crash.

Environment

% swiftc -version
xswift-driver version: 1.115.1 cApple Swift version 6.0.3 (swiftlang-6.0.3.1.10 clang-1600.0.30.1)
Target: arm64-apple-macosx15.0
% xcodebuild -version
Xcode 16.2
Build version 16C5032a
% sw_vers
ProductName:            macOS
ProductVersion:         15.2
BuildVersion:           24C101

Additional information

No response

[keith]

Fun workaround for this specific crash:

import AppKit
import Foundation

_ = NSDocument()
print(NSAttributedString(rtf: Data(), documentAttributes: nil) as Any)

Works in both modes. I'm hoping this issue can be used to track the underlying issue here as well but lmk if I should file a radar instead

[keith]

using that actually requires some async juggling so _ = String(describing: NSDocument.self) works as well (just _ = NSDocument.self) does not