acmtrans.sty

%% LL Bug fixes:
%% \@makecaption
%% \appendixhead
% acmtrans.sty revised 15-DECEMBER-1994
% Here is the basic framework that is needed to convert your paper 
% into ACM TOPLAS format and bibliographic format.  For a tutorial
% introduction, see ``acmtr.tex'' (compile it with LaTeX) that
% accompanies the distribution of this style file.
%
%  -> \documentstyle{acmtrans}
%  -> \markboth{}{}
%         takes 2 arguments and it is for the left- and right-page headers:
%         the first set of braces is assigned for author's name(s) 
%         and
%         the second set of braces is assigned for the title 
%             (if the title is too long, contraction may be needed
%  -> \title{}
%         if the title is too long, it can be separated by \\
%  -> \author{}
%         author1 \\ author1 affiliation
%         \and
%         author2 \\ author2 affiliation
%  -> \begin{abstract}
%  -> \end{abstract}
%
%  -> \category{}{}{}
%         takes 3 arguments for the Computing Reviews Classification Scheme.
%         ex: \category{D.3.3}{Programming Languages}{Language Constructs and 
%                   Features}[data types and structures]
%                   the last argument, in square brackets, is optional.
%  -> \terms{} (ex: \terms{Human Factors, Languages})
%  -> \keywords{} (in alphabetical order \keywords{document processing, sequences, 
%                      string searching, subsequences, substrings})
%  -> \begin{document}
%
%  -> \begin{bottomstuff}
%          similar to \thanks     
%          for authors' addresses; research/grant statements
%  -> \end{bottomstuff}
%  -> \maketitle
%
%     Now you can start the body of the paper; your figures, tables and 
%          use all the latex constructs.
%
%  -> \begin{acks}
%          acknowledgements
%  -> \end{acks}
%
%  -> \bibliographystyle{acmtrans}
%  -> \bibliography{mybib_file}
%
%     ****
%     If your paper has been accepted with a separate (electronic only)
%        appendix, you need to add the following control sequence:
%
%  ->  \appendixhead{}{}{}{}
%        takes 4 arguments to identify your appendix section.
%        first = journal name (e.g.  toplas )
%        second = paper-id  (a four-digit number)
%        third = year of appearance, for copyright notice
%                 (approximation will suffice)
%        fourth = journal, volume and year of publication if known
%
%       body of appendix 

%  -> \end{document}
%
% Do not worry about the other definitions in this style file
% Remember to compile: latex, bibtex, latex latex
%
% Bibliographic cite forms needed:
%
%  \cite{key}
%    which produces citations with author list and year.
%    eg. [Brown 1978; Jarke, et al. 1985]
%  \citeA{key}
%    which produces citations with only the author list.
%    eg. [Brown; Jarke, et al.]
%  \citeN{key}
%    which produces citations with the author list and year, but
%    can be used as nouns in a sentence; no brackets appear around
%    the author names, but only around the year.
%      eg. Shneiderman [1978] states that......
%    \citeN should only be used for a single citation.
%  \citeyear{key}
%    which produces the year information only, within brackets.
%
% Abbreviated author lists use the ``et al.'' construct.
%
% The above are examples of required ACM bibliographic cite formats needed.
% *******************
% Here is the complete list of cite forms from the chicago bibliographic style
%
%  \cite{key}
%    which produces citations with abbreviated author list and year.
%  \citeNP{key}
%    which produces citations with abbreviated author list and year.
%  \citeA{key}
%    which produces only the abbreviated author list.
%  \citeANP{key}
%    which produces only the abbreviated author list.
%  \citeN{key}
%    which produces the abbreviated author list and year, with only the
%    year in parentheses. Use with only one citation.
%  \citeyear{key}
%    which produces the year information only, within parentheses.
%  \citeyearNP{key}
%    which produces the year information only.
%
% Abbreviated author lists use the ``et al.'' construct.
%
% `NP' means `no parentheses' 
%
\typeout{Document Style `acmtrans' <22 Dec 87>.}

\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue \def\ds@draft{\overfullrule 5pt} 
\@options

\lineskip 1pt \normallineskip 1pt
\def\baselinestretch{1}
\def\@ptsize{0} %needed for amssymbols.sty 
\def\@normalsize{\@setsize\normalsize{12pt}\xpt\@xpt
\abovedisplayskip 6pt plus2pt minus1pt\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 6pt plus0pt minus 3pt
\belowdisplayshortskip 6pt plus0pt minus3pt\let\@listi\@listI} 
\def\small{\@setsize\small{11pt}\ixpt\@ixpt
\abovedisplayskip 5pt plus 2pt minus 1pt\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 5pt plus0pt minus2pt\belowdisplayshortskip 5pt plus0pt
minus 2pt
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 5pt plus 2pt minus 1pt\parsep 0pt
plus .7pt 
\itemsep 1.6pt plus .8pt}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setsize\footnotesize{10pt}\viiipt\@viiipt
\abovedisplayskip 4pt plus 1pt minus 0pt\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 4pt plus 0pt minus 1pt\belowdisplayshortskip 4pt plus
0pt minus 1pt\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 4pt plus 1pt minus
0pt\parsep 0pt plus .5pt 
\itemsep 1pt plus .7pt}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setsize\scriptsize{8pt}\viipt\@viipt}
\def\tiny{\@setsize\tiny{6pt}\vpt\@vpt}
\def\large{\@setsize\large{14pt}\xiipt\@xiipt}
\def\Large{\@setsize\Large{18pt}\xivpt\@xivpt}
\def\LARGE{\@setsize\LARGE{20pt}\xviipt\@xviipt}
\def\huge{\@setsize\huge{25pt}\xxpt\@xxpt}
\def\Huge{\@setsize\Huge{30pt}\xxvpt\@xxvpt}
\normalsize 

 \oddsidemargin .75in \evensidemargin .75in \marginparwidth .5in 
 \marginparsep .125in 
 \topmargin .25in \headheight 12pt\headsep 16pt\footheight 10pt\footskip 15pt 

\textheight 47pc \textwidth 30pc \columnsep 10pt \columnseprule 0pt 

\footnotesep 7pt
\skip\footins 15pt plus 4pt minus 3pt 
\floatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt \textfloatsep \floatsep \intextsep 1pc plus
1pc \@maxsep 1pc \dblfloatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt \dbltextfloatsep 20pt
plus 2pt minus 4pt \@dblmaxsep 20pt 
\@fptop 0pt plus 1fil \@fpsep 1pc plus 2fil \@fpbot 0pt plus 1fil 
\@dblfptop 0pt plus 1fil \@dblfpsep 8pt plus 2fil \@dblfpbot 0pt plus 1fil
\marginparpush 6pt 

\parskip 0pt plus .1pt \parindent 10pt \partopsep 0pt 
\@lowpenalty 51 \@medpenalty 151 \@highpenalty 301 
\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty \@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty \@itempenalty
-\@lowpenalty 


\def\part{\@ucheadtrue
 \@startsection{part}{9}{\z@}{-10pt plus -4pt minus 
 -2pt}{4pt}{\normalsize\sf}}
\def\section{\@ucheadtrue
 \@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{-10pt plus -4pt minus 
 -2pt}{4pt}{\normalsize\sf}}
\def\subsection{\@ucheadfalse
 \@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-8pt plus -2pt minus 
 -1pt}{4pt}{\normalsize\sf}}
\def\subsubsection{\@ucheadfalse
 \@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\parindent}{6pt plus 
1pt}{-5pt}{\normalsize\it}}
\def\paragraph{\@ucheadfalse
 \@startsection{paragraph}{3}{\parindent}{6pt plus 
1pt}{-5pt}{\normalsize\it}}

\gdef\@period{.}
\def\@trivlist{\@topsepadd\topsep
\if@noskipsec \gdef\@period{}\leavevmode\gdef\@period{.}\fi
 \ifvmode \advance\@topsepadd\partopsep \else \unskip\par\fi
 \if@inlabel \@noparitemtrue \@noparlisttrue 
 \else \@noparlistfalse \@topsep\@topsepadd \fi
 \advance\@topsep \parskip
 \leftskip\z@\rightskip\@rightskip \parfillskip\@flushglue
 \@setpar{\if@newlist\else{\@@par}\fi} \global\@newlisttrue
\@outerparskip\parskip}

\def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{\if@noskipsec\gdef\@period{}\leavevmode
 \gdef\@period{.}\fi
 \par \@tempskipa #4\relax
 \@afterindenttrue
 \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@ \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse\fi
 \if@nobreak \everypar{}\else
 \addpenalty{\@secpenalty}\addvspace{\@tempskipa}\fi \@ifstar
 {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}{\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}}
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
 \def\@svsec{}\else 
 \refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\ifnum 
 #2=1\relax \@appsec\fi \csname the#1\endcsname
 \ifnum #2=1\relax .\fi \hskip .5em }\fi
 \@tempskipa #5\relax
 \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ 
 \begingroup #6\relax
 \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M
 \if@uchead\uppercase{#8}\else#8\fi
 \par}
 \endgroup
 \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
 {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
 \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
 #7}\else
 \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\@svsec \if@uchead\uppercase{#8}\else#8\fi
 \csname #1mark\endcsname
 {#7}\addcontentsline
 {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
 \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
 #7}}\fi
 \@xsect{#5}}
\def\@xsect#1{\@tempskipa #1\relax
 \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
 \par \nobreak
 \vskip \@tempskipa
 \@afterheading
 \else \global\@nobreakfalse \global\@noskipsectrue
 \everypar{\if@noskipsec \global\@noskipsecfalse
 \clubpenalty\@M \hskip -\parindent
 \begingroup \@svsechd\@period \endgroup \unskip
 \hskip -#1
 \else \clubpenalty \@clubpenalty
 \everypar{}\fi}\fi\ignorespaces}
\newif\if@uchead\@ucheadfalse


\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}

\newfont{\apbf}{cmbx9}

\def\@withappendix#1{A--\number #1}

\newcommand{\elecappendix}{
}

\def\appenheader{\global\@topnum\z@ \global\@botroom \textheight \begin{figure}
\newfont{\sc}{cmcsc10}
\parindent\z@
\hbox{}
\vskip -\textfloatsep
\vskip 11pt
\hrule height .2pt width 30pc
\vskip 2pt\rule{0pt}{10pt}\ignorespaces}
\def\endappenheader{\end{figure}\gdef\appendixhead{}}
\long\def\appendixhead#1#2#3#4{
\section*{Appendix}
An appendix to this article %% changed "paper" to "article" LL 28 Feb 95
is available in electronic form 
(PostScript$^{\mbox{\tiny TM}}$).  Any of the following methods may be
used to obtain it; or see the inside back cover of a current
issue for up-to-date instructions.

\begin{itemize}
\item By anonymous ftp from {\apbf acm.org}, file 
{\apbf [pubs.journals.#1.append]p#2.ps}
\item Send electronic mail to {\apbf mailserve@acm.org} containing
the line\\ {\apbf send~[anonymous.pubs.journals.#1.append]p#2.ps}
\item By {\it Gopher} from {\apbf acm.org}
\item By anonymous ftp from {\apbf ftp.cs.princeton.edu},
file {\apbf pub/#1/append/p#2.ps}
\item Hardcopy from {\it Article Express}, for a fee: phone 800-238-3458, fax
201-216-8526, or write P.O.~Box~1801, Hoboken NJ 07030; and request
{\sc acm-#1-appendix-{\small #2}}.
\end{itemize}
\clearpage
\makeatletter
\pagenumbering{withappendix}
\makeatother
\appendix
\par\noindent{\sc this document is the appendix to the following paper:}\hfill \vskip 1em
\vbox{\sf \parindent0pt\@title{}}\vskip .5em
\vbox{\sf \parindent0pt\@author{}}\vskip .5em\noindent
\vskip 10pt\noindent
#4
\vskip 11pt\noindent
\hrule height .2pt
\par
\bottomstuff
Permission to copy without fee all or part of
this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed
for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of
the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is
by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery.
To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission.
\par
\copyright #3 ACM
\par
\endbottomstuff
}


\def\@appsec{}
\def\appendix{\par
 \setcounter{section}{0}
 \setcounter{subsection}{0}
 \def\@appsec{APPENDIX } \def\thesection{\Alph{section}}
 \def\thesubsection {\thesection\arabic{subsection}}}



\labelsep 5pt
\settowidth{\leftmargini}{(9)} \addtolength\leftmargini\labelsep
\settowidth{\leftmarginii}{(b)} \addtolength\leftmarginii\labelsep
\leftmarginiii \leftmarginii
\leftmarginiv \leftmarginii 
\leftmarginv \leftmarginii 
\leftmarginvi \leftmarginii 
\leftmargin\leftmargini
\labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini \parsep 0pt plus 1pt\topsep 6pt plus 2pt
minus 2pt\itemsep 2pt plus 1pt minus .5pt}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi 
\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
 \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
 \topsep 0pt plus 1pt 
 \parsep 0pt plus .5pt 
 \itemsep \parsep}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
 \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
 \topsep 0pt plus 1pt 
 \parsep 0pt plus .5pt 
 \itemsep \parsep}
\def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
 \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
 \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
 \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}




\def\enumerate{\ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
 \advance\@enumdepth \@ne 
 \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\list
 {\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}{\usecounter
 {\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{##1\hss}}\fi}
\def\longenum{\ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
 \advance\@enumdepth \@ne 
 \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\list
 {\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}{\usecounter
 {\@enumctr}\labelwidth\z@}\fi}
%\leftmargin\z@ \itemindent\parindent}\fi} - this indents each item in enumerate
\let\endlongenum\endlist
\def\labelenumi{(\arabic{enumi})} 
\def\theenumi{\arabic{enumi}} 
\def\labelenumii{(\alph{enumii})}
\def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
\def\p@enumii{\theenumi}
\def\labelenumiii{\roman{enumiii}.}
\def\theenumiii{\roman{enumiii}}
\def\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
\def\labelenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}.}
\def\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}} 
\def\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}

\def\itemize{\list{---\hskip -\labelsep}{\settowidth
 {\leftmargin}{---}\labelwidth\leftmargin
 \addtolength{\labelwidth}{-\labelsep}}}
\let\enditemize\endlist
\def\longitem{\list{---}{\labelwidth\z@
 \leftmargin\z@ \itemindent\parindent \advance\itemindent\labelsep}}
\let\endlongitem\endlist
\def\verse{\let\\=\@centercr 
 \list{}{\leftmargin 2pc 
 \itemindent -1.5em\listparindent \itemindent 
 \rightmargin\leftmargin\advance\leftmargin 1.5em}\item[]}
\let\endverse\endlist
\def\quotation{\list{}{\leftmargin 2pc \listparindent .5em
 \itemindent\listparindent
 \rightmargin\leftmargin \parsep 0pt plus 1pt}\item[]}
\let\endquotation=\endlist
\def\quote{\list{}{\leftmargin 2pc \rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[]}
\let\endquote=\endlist

\def\description{\list{}{\listparindent\parindent\labelwidth\z@
 \leftmargin\z@ \itemindent\parindent\advance\itemindent\labelsep
 \def\makelabel##1{\it ##1.}}}
\let\enddescription\endlist

\def\describe#1{\list{}{\listparindent\parindent\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}\leftmargin
 \labelwidth\addtolength\leftmargin\labelsep\def\makelabel##1{##1\hfil}}}
\let\enddescribe\endlist

\def\program{\ifx\@currsize\normalsize\small \else \rm \fi\tabbing}
\let\endprogram\endtabbing
\def\@begintheorem#1#2{\it \trivlist \item[\hskip 10pt\hskip 
 \labelsep{\sc #1\hskip 5pt\relax#2.}]}
\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\it \trivlist
 \item[\hskip 10pt \hskip \labelsep{\sc #1\savebox\@tempboxa{#3}\ifdim 
 \wd\@tempboxa>\z@ \hskip 5pt\relax \box\@tempboxa\fi.}]}

\newif\if@qeded\global\@qededfalse
\def\proof{\global\@qededfalse\@ifnextchar[{\@xproof}{\@proof}}
\def\endproof{\if@qeded\else\qed\fi\endtrivlist}
\def\qed{\unskip\kern 10pt{\unitlength1pt\linethickness{.4pt}\framebox(6,6){}}
\global\@qededtrue}
\def\@proof{\trivlist \item[\hskip 10pt\hskip 
 \labelsep{\sc Proof.}]\ignorespaces}
\def\@xproof[#1]{\trivlist \item[\hskip 10pt\hskip 
 \labelsep{\sc Proof #1.}]\ignorespaces}

\def\newdef#1#2{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
{\@definecounter{#1}\expandafter\xdef\csname
the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}\global
 \@namedef{#1}{\@defthm{#1}{#2}}\global
 \@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
\def\@defthm#1#2{\refstepcounter
 {#1}\@ifnextchar[{\@ydefthm{#1}{#2}}{\@xdefthm{#1}{#2}}}
\def\@xdefthm#1#2{\@begindef{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}
\def\@ydefthm#1#2[#3]{\trivlist \item[\hskip 10pt\hskip 
 \labelsep{\it #2\savebox\@tempboxa{#3}\ifdim 
 \wd\@tempboxa>\z@ \ \box\@tempboxa\fi.}]\ignorespaces}
\def\@begindef#1#2{\trivlist \item[\hskip 10pt\hskip 
 \labelsep{\it #1\ \rm #2.}]}

\def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}

\def\titlepage{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
 \else \newpage \fi \thispagestyle{empty}\c@page\z@}
\def\endtitlepage{\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi}

\arraycolsep 2.5pt \tabcolsep 6pt \arrayrulewidth .4pt \doublerulesep 2pt 
\tabbingsep \labelsep 

\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
\fboxsep = 3pt \fboxrule = .4pt 

\newcounter{part}
\newcounter {section}
\newcounter {subsection}[section]
\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]

\def\thepart{\Roman{part}} \def\thesection {\arabic{section}}
\def\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
\def\thesubsubsection {{\rm \thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}}}
\def\theparagraph {{\rm \thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}.\arabic
 {paragraph}}}

\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{Contents\@mkboth{CONTENTS}{CONTENTS}}
 \@starttoc{toc}}
\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}
 \addvspace{2.25em plus 1pt} \begingroup
 \@tempdima 3em \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth \parfillskip
-\@pnumwidth 
 {\large \bf \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
 \nobreak \endgroup}
\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
\@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bf \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\listoffigures{\section*{List of Figures\@mkboth
 {LIST OF FIGURES}{LIST OF FIGURES}}\@starttoc{lof}}
\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\listoftables{\section*{List of Tables\@mkboth
 {LIST OF TABLES}{LIST OF TABLES}}\@starttoc{lot}}
\let\l@table\l@figure


\def\thebibliography#1{\par \footnotesize 
\@ucheadfalse
\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{16pt plus 2pt minus 
 1pt}{2pt}{\sf}*{REFERENCES}
\list{\arabic{enumi}.}{\settowidth\labelwidth{99.}\leftmargin\labelwidth
 \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \topsep \z@ \parsep 0pt plus .1pt
 \itemsep \parsep 
 \usecounter{enumi}}
 \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
 \sloppy
 \widowpenalty=4500
 \clubpenalty=4500
 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
 

\newif\if@restonecol
\def\theindex{\@restonecoltrue\if@twocolumn\@restonecolfalse\fi
\columnseprule \z@
\columnsep 35pt\twocolumn[\section*{Index}]
 \@mkboth{INDEX}{INDEX}\thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
 \parskip\z@ plus .3pt\relax\let\item\@idxitem}
\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40pt}
\def\subitem{\par\hangindent 40pt \hspace*{20pt}}
\def\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 40pt \hspace*{30pt}}
\def\endtheindex{\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10pt plus 5pt minus 3pt\relax}

\def\footnoterule{\kern-3\p@
 \hrule width 47pt height .004pt\kern 2.6\p@} 

\long\def\@makefntext#1{\parindent 1em\noindent 
 $^{\@thefnmark}$#1}


\setcounter{topnumber}{2}
\def\topfraction{.89}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
\def\bottomfraction{.5}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
\def\textfraction{.11}
\def\floatpagefraction{.6}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
\def\dbltopfraction{.7}
\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{\vskip 1pc \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1.\hskip
1em\relax #2}
 \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize #1. #2\par \else \hbox %% Changed ":" to "."
to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}                   %%  LL 27 Feb 95
 \fi}

\def\nocaption{\refstepcounter\@captype \par
 \vskip 1pc \hbox to\hsize{\hfil \footnotesize Figure \thefigure
 \hfil}}


\newcounter{figure}
\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\ftype@figure{1}
\def\ext@figure{lof}
\def\fnum@figure{Fig.\ \thefigure}
\def\figure{\let\normalsize\footnotesize \normalsize \@float{figure}}
\let\endfigure\end@float
\@namedef{figure*}{\@dblfloat{figure}}
\@namedef{endfigure*}{\end@dblfloat}

\newcounter{table}
\def\thetable{\@Roman\c@table}
\def\fps@table{tbp}
\def\ftype@table{2}
\def\ext@table{lot}
\def\fnum@table{Table \thetable}
\def\table{\let\normalsize\footnotesize \normalsize\@float{table}}
\let\endtable\end@float
\@namedef{table*}{\@dblfloat{table}}
\@namedef{endtable*}{\end@dblfloat}
\def\acmtable#1{\@narrowfig #1\relax
 \let\caption\@atcap \let\nocaption\@atnocap
 \def\@tmpnf{}\@ifnextchar[{\@xntab}{\@ntab}}
\def\endacmtable{\hbox to \textwidth{\hfil
\vbox{\hsize \@narrowfig
\box\@nfcapbox
{\baselineskip 4pt \hbox{\vrule height .4pt width \hsize}}
\vskip -1pt
\box\@nfigbox\vskip -1pt
{\baselineskip 4pt \hbox{\vrule height .4pt width \hsize}}}\hfil}
\end@float}
\def\@xntab[#1]{\def\@tmpnf{[#1]}\@ntab}
\def\@ntab{\expandafter\table\@tmpnf
 \setbox\@nfigbox\vbox\bgroup
 \hsize \@narrowfig \@parboxrestore}
\def\@atmakecap #1#2{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1.\hskip 1em\relax #2}
 \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize \sloppy #1.\hskip 1em\relax #2 \par \else \hbox
to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}
 \fi}
\def\@atcap{\par\egroup\refstepcounter\@captype 
 \@dblarg{\@atcapx\@captype}}
\long\def\@atcapx#1[#2]#3{\setbox\@nfcapbox\vbox {\hsize \wd\@nfigbox
 \@parboxrestore
 \@atmakecap{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par}}
\def\@atnocap{\egroup \refstepcounter\@captype 
 \setbox\@nfcapbox\vbox {\hsize \wd\@nfigbox
 \hbox to\hsize{\hfil \footnotesize Table \thetable\hfil}}}

\def\narrowfig#1{\@narrowfig #1\relax
 \let\caption\@nfcap \let\nocaption\@nfnocap
 \def\@tmpnf{}\@ifnextchar[{\@xnfig}{\@nfig}}
\def\endnarrowfig{\hbox to \textwidth{\if@nfeven
 \box\@nfcapbox\hfil\box\@nfigbox
 \else \box\@nfigbox\hfil\box\@nfcapbox\fi}\end@float}
\def\@xnfig[#1]{\def\@tmpnf{[#1]}\@nfig}
\def\@nfig{\expandafter\figure\@tmpnf
 \setbox\@nfigbox\vbox\bgroup
 \hsize \@narrowfig \@parboxrestore}
\def\@nfmakecap #1#2{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1.\hskip 1em\relax #2}
 \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize \sloppy #1.\hskip 1em\relax #2 \par \else \hbox
to\hsize{\if@nfeven\else\hfil\fi\box\@tempboxa\if@nfeven\hfil\fi}
 \fi}
\def\@nfcap{\par\egroup\refstepcounter\@captype 
 \@dblarg{\@nfcapx\@captype}}
\long\def\@nfcapx#1[#2]#3{\@seteven
 \setbox\@nfcapbox\vbox to \ht\@nfigbox
 {\hsize \textwidth \advance\hsize -2pc \advance\hsize -\wd\@nfigbox
 \@parboxrestore
 \vfil 
 \@nfmakecap{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
 \vfil}}
\def\@nfnocap{\egroup \refstepcounter\@captype \@seteven
 \setbox\@nfcapbox\vbox to \ht\@nfigbox
 {\hsize \textwidth \advance\hsize -2pc \advance\hsize -\wd\@nfigbox
 \@parboxrestore
 \vfil 
 \hbox to\hsize{\if@nfeven\else\hfil\fi 
 \footnotesize Figure \thefigure
 \if@nfeven\hfil\fi}
 \vfil}}
\def\@seteven{\@nfeventrue 
\@ifundefined{r@@nf\thefigure}{}{\edef\@tmpnf{\csname 
 r@@nf\thefigure\endcsname
 }\edef\@tmpnf{\expandafter\@cdr\@tmpnf\@nil}\ifodd\@tmpnf\relax
 \@nfevenfalse\fi}\label{@nf\thefigure}\edef\@tmpnfx{\if@nfeven e\else o\fi}
\edef\@tmpnf{\write\@unused {\noexpand\ifodd \noexpand\c@page 
 \noexpand\if \@tmpnfx e\noexpand\@nfmsg{\thefigure} \noexpand\fi
 \noexpand\else 
 \noexpand\if \@tmpnfx o\noexpand\@nfmsg{\thefigure}\noexpand\fi 
 \noexpand\fi }}\@tmpnf}
\def\@nfmsg#1{Bad narrowfig: Figure #1 on page \thepage}

\newdimen\@narrowfig
\newbox\@nfigbox
\newbox\@nfcapbox
\newif\if@nfeven 

\def\and{\\ and\\}
\def\maketitle{\newpage \thispagestyle{titlepage}\par
 \begingroup \lineskip = \z@\null \vskip -30pt\relax 
 \parindent\z@ \LARGE {\raggedright \hyphenpenalty\@M
 \sf \@title \par}
 \vskip 13.5pt\relax \normalsize \sf %vskip 13.5pt between title and author
 \begingroup \addtolength{\baselineskip}{2pt}
 \@author\par \vskip -2pt
 \endgroup
 {\ifx \@categories\@empty 
 \else 
 \baselineskip 17pt\relax
 \hbox{\vrule height .2pt width 30pc}}
 \vskip 8.5pt \footnotesize \box\@abstract \vskip 4pt\relax %vskip8.5 space above abstract
 {\def\and{\unskip\/{\rm ; }}
 Categories and Subject Descriptors: \@categories \fi}\par\vskip 4pt\relax
 \box\@terms \vskip 4pt\relax
 \box\@keywords \par \label{@firstpg}
 {\baselineskip 14pt\relax 
 \hbox{\vrule height .2pt width 30pc}}
 \vskip 23pt\relax
 \endgroup
\let\maketitle\relax
 % \gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}
 \gdef\@categories{}}


\newbox\@abstract
\newbox\@terms
\newbox\@keywords
\def\abstract{\global\setbox\@abstract=\vbox\bgroup \everypar{}
 \footnotesize \hsize 30pc \parindent 10pt \noindent 
 \rule{0pt}{10pt}\ignorespaces}
\def\endabstract{\egroup}

\def\terms#1{\setbox\@terms=\vbox{\everypar{}
 \footnotesize \hsize 30pc \parindent 0pt \noindent 
 General Terms: \ignorespaces #1}}
\def\keywords#1{\setbox\@keywords=\vbox{\everypar{}
 \footnotesize \hsize 30pc \parindent 0pt \noindent 
 Additional Key Words and Phrases: \ignorespaces #1}}

\def\category#1#2#3{\@ifnextchar
 [{\@category{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@xcategory{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
\def\@category#1#2#3[#4]{\edef\@tempa{\ifx \@categories\@empty 
 \else ; \fi}{\def\protect{\noexpand\protect
 \noexpand}\def\and{\noexpand\and}\xdef\@categories{\@categories\@tempa #1
[{\bf #2}]: 
 #3\kern\z@---\hskip\z@{\it #4}}}}
\def\@xcategory#1#2#3{\edef\@tempa{\ifx \@categories\@empty \else ;
\fi}{\def\protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}\def\and{\noexpand
 \and}\xdef\@categories{\@categories\@tempa #1 [{\bf #2}]: #3}}}
\def\@categories{}
\def\bottomstuff{\global\@topnum\z@ \global\@botroom \textheight \begin{figure}
\parindent\z@
\hbox{}
\vskip -\textfloatsep
\vskip 10pt
\hrule height .2pt width 30pc
\vskip 2pt\rule{0pt}{10pt}\ignorespaces}
\def\endbottomstuff{\end{figure}\gdef\permission{}}
\long\def\permission{\par Permission to copy without fee all or part of
this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed
for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of
the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is
by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise,
or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission.\par}
\def\acks{\par \footnotesize 
\@ucheadfalse
\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-16pt plus -2pt minus 
 -1pt}{2pt}{\sf}*{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}\par\normalsize}
\def\endacks{\par}
\def\received{\par\footnotesize\addvspace{18pt plus 0pt minus
4pt}\parindent\z@}
\def\endreceived{\label{@lastpg}\hskip-2pt\par}

\mark{{}{}} 

\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
\def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\hfill \small\sf \rightmark\hskip
19pt{\Large$\cdot$}\hskip 17pt\thepage}\def\@oddfoot{\hbox{}\hfill
\tiny\@runningfoot}\def\@evenhead{\small\sf\thepage \hskip
17pt{\Large$\cdot$}\hskip
 19pt\leftmark\hfill \hbox{}}\def\@evenfoot{\tiny\@runningfoot
 \hfill\hbox{}}\def\sectionmark##1{}\def\subsectionmark##1{}}
\def\@runningfoot{}
\def\runningfoot#1{\def\@runningfoot{#1}}
\def\@firstfoot{}
\def\firstfoot#1{\def\@firstfoot{#1}}
\def\pages{\pageref{@firstpg}--\pageref{@lastpg}}
\def\ps@titlepage{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
\def\@oddhead{}\def\@oddfoot{\hbox{}\hfill
\tiny\@firstfoot}\def\@evenhead{}\def\@evenfoot{\tiny\@firstfoot\hfill\hbox{}}}

\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
 January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
 July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
 \space\number\day, \number\year}
\def\@marrayclassiv{\@addtopreamble{$\displaystyle \@nextchar$}}
\def\@marrayclassz{\ifcase \@lastchclass \@acolampacol \or \@ampacol \or
 \or \or \@addamp \or
 \@acolampacol \or \@firstampfalse \@acol \fi
\edef\@preamble{\@preamble
 \ifcase \@chnum 
 \hfil$\relax\displaystyle\@sharp$\hfil \or $\relax\displaystyle\@sharp$\hfil 
 \or \hfil$\relax\displaystyle\@sharp$\fi}}
\def\marray{\arraycolsep 2.5pt\let\@acol\@arrayacol \let\@classz\@marrayclassz
 \let\@classiv\@marrayclassiv \let\\\@arraycr\def\@halignto{}\@tabarray}
\def\endmarray{\crcr\egroup\egroup}


\ps@myheadings \pagenumbering{arabic} \onecolumn 


%-----------------------BIBLIOGRAPHY STUFF-------------------------
% this is adapted (November 1993) by Andrew Appel and Rebecca Davies from
% 
%%%     filename        = "chicago.sty",
%%%     version         = "4",  % MODIFIED!
%%%     date            = "31 August 1992",
%%%     time            = "09:42:44 199",
%%%     author          = "Glenn Paulley",
%%%     address         = "Data Structuring Group
%%%                        Department of Computer Science
%%%                        University of Waterloo
%%%                        Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
%%%                        N2L 3G1",
%%%     telephone       = "(519) 885-1211",
%%%     FAX             = "(519) 885-1208",
%%%     email           = "gnpaulle@bluebox.uwaterloo.ca",

%%% ====================================================================
%
% this file: Modification of chicago.sty for new ACM bibliography
% style, which is similar (but not identical) to the ``Chicago'' style.
%
% chicago.sty: Style file for use with bibtex style chicago.bst, for
% bibliographies formatted according to the 13th Edition of the Chicago
% Manual of Style.
%
% 'newapa.bst' was made from 'plain.bst', 'named.bst', and 'apalike.bst',
% with lots of tweaking to make it look like APA style, along with tips
% from Young Ryu and Brian Reiser's modifications of 'apalike.bst'.
% newapa.sty formed the basis of this style, chicago.sty. Author-date
% references in newapa.bst formed the basis for chicago.bst. Chicagoa.bst
% supports annotations.
%
% Version 4 (August, 1992):
% - fixed chicago.bst and chicagoa.bst to handle long author lists in
%   sorting
% - fixed chicago.bst and chicagoa.bst so that missing page numbers in
%   ``article'' entries are handled correctly
% - modified chicago.sty to format entries with 2nd and subsequent lines
%   indented.
%
%   Citation format: (author-last-name year)
%             (author-last-name and author-last-name year)
%             (author-last-name et al. year)
%             (author-last-name)
%             author-last-name
%             author-last-name (year)
%             (author-last-name and author-last-name)
%             (author-last-name et al.)
%             (year) or (year,year)
%             year or year,year
%
%   Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
%    for author in the absence of one.
%
% This BibTeX style has support for abbreviated author lists and for
%    year-only citations.  This is done by having the citations
%    actually look like
%
%    \citeauthoryear{full-author-info}{abbrev-author-info}{year}
%
% The LaTeX style has to have the following (or similar)
%
%     \let\@internalcite\cite
%     \def\fullcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}
%     \def\fullciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}
%     \def\shortcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}
%     \def\shortciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
%     \def\citeyear{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@internalcite}
%
\typeout{Using ACM bibliography style}
%
% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
%
% Citation macros.
%
\let\@internalcite\cite

\def\cite{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{[##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi]}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2 ##3}\@internalcite}
\def\citeNP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2 ##3}\@internalcite}
\def\citeN{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2]\else{]}\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2 [##3}\@citedata}
\def\citeA{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{[##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi]}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
\def\citeANP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}

\def\citeyear{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{[##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi]}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@citedata}
\def\citeyearNP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@citedata}

%
% \@citedata and \@citedatax:
%
% Place commas in-between citations in the same \citeyear, \citeyearNP,
% or \citeN command.
% Use something like \citeN{ref1,ref2,ref3} and \citeN{ref4} for a list.
%
\def\@citedata{%
        \@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citedatax}%
                                  {\@tempswafalse\@citedatax[]}%
}

\def\@citedatax[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi%
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do%
    {\@citea\def\@citea{, }\@ifundefined% by Young
       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}%
       \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}%

% don't box citations, separate with ; and a space
% also, make the penalty between citations negative: a good place to break.
%
\def\@citex[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi%
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do%
    {\@citea\def\@citea{; }\@ifundefined% by Young
       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}%
       \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}%

% (from apalike.sty)
% No labels in the bibliography.
%
\def\@biblabel#1{}

% (from apalike.sty)
% Set length of hanging indentation for bibliography entries.
%
\newlength{\bibhang}
\setlength{\bibhang}{2em}

% Indent second and subsequent lines of bibliographic entries. Stolen
% from openbib.sty: \newblock is set to {}.

\newdimen\bibindent
\bibindent=1.5em
\@ifundefined{refname}%
   {\@ifundefined{chapter}%
     {\newcommand{\refname}{\footnotesize REFERENCES}}%
     {\newcommand{\refname}{\footnotesize BIBLIOGRAPHY}}%
   }%
   {}%
\@ifundefined{chapter}%
 {\def\thebibliography#1{\footnotesize \section*{\refname\@mkboth 
   {\uppercase{\refname}}{\uppercase{\refname}}}\list
   {[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}
   \leftmargin\labelwidth
   \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
   \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
   \itemindent -\bibindent
   \listparindent \itemindent
   \parsep \z@
   \usecounter{enumi}}
   \def\newblock{}
   \sloppy
   \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}}
 {\def\thebibliography#1{\footnotesize \chapter*{\refname\@mkboth 
   {\uppercase{\refname}}{\uppercase{\refname}}}\list
   {[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}
   \leftmargin\labelwidth
   \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
   \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
   \itemindent -\bibindent
   \listparindent \itemindent
   \parsep \z@
   \usecounter{enumi}}
   \def\newblock{}
   \sloppy
   \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}}