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<title>Convenience and speed with GRASS GIS 8.0 and 8.2</title>
<meta name="description" content="State of GRASS GIS slides for DOI Open Source Geospatial Meeting, May 2022">
<meta name="author" content="Vaclav Petras">
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<!--
GRASS GIS version 8.0 completely revamps the first-time user experience and brings centralized data management.
Version 8.2 adds an opt-in single-window graphical user interface, grass.jupyter package for better integration with Jupyter Notebooks,
and a set of parallelized tools for raster series statistics, neighborhood filtering, and topography computations.
Add-ons now include tools for import of Sentinel, MODIS, USGS TNM, and more. The talk will include updates about features and the project itself.
-->
<section>
<h1>Convenience and Speed with GRASS GIS 8.0 and 8.2</h1>
<p style="margin-top: 0.5em">
<a href="http://wenzeslaus.github.io/" style="font-weight: bold">
Vaclav (Vashek) Petras
</a>
</p>
<p class="title-foot">
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/geoforall/" title="NCSU GeoForAll Lab">NCSU GeoForAll Lab</a>
at the
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/" title="NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics">Center for Geospatial Analytics</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.ncsu.edu/" title="North Carolina State University">NC State University</a>
</p>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" class="stretch">
<p><small>May 26, 2022</small></p>
<p>
<a href="https://wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks/doi2022.html">wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks</a>
</section>
<section class="textimg">
<h2>Vaclav (Vashek) Petras</h2>
<ul>
<li>Geospatial Research Software Engineer at NC State
<li>BS & MS in Geoinformatics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czechia
<li>PhD in Geospatial Analytics, NC State
<li>GRASS GIS: Development Team, Project Steering Committee
<li>OSGeo: Charter Member
</ul>
<img src="img/cli_tangible.png">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Community</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Open community of users and contributors
<ul>
<li>Affiliations: industry, academia, government</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Contributions: code, documentation, free support, …</li>
<li>
Project Steering Committee
<ul>
<li>PSC Chair: Verónica Andreo <small>(since February 2021)</small></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/psc_meeting_2021.png" class="stretch">
<p><em>Credit goes to the whole community, not just this talk's author.</em></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>General Features</h2>
<ul>
<li>Open-source and directly user-driven development</li>
<li>
Processing tools:
<b>400+</b> <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass82/manuals/full_index.html">in core</a>,
<b>400+</b> <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass82/manuals/addons/">addons</a></li>
<li>Interfaces: graphical, command line, Python, C</li>
<li>3rd party interfaces: actinia (REST API), R, QGIS, OGC WPS</li>
<li>Innovation with Stability & All-in-one Software Suite
</ul>
<img src="img/gui_pink_viewshed.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Long-term Benefits</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Individuals:
<ul>
<li>Emphasis on backwards compatibility.</li>
<ul>
<li>Old commands, often work in new versions with minimal changes.</li>
</ul>
<li>Employer-independent.</li>
<li><em>Learn once, use forever.</em></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
Organizations:
<ul>
<li>No usage license fees.</li>
<li>Provider-independent, contractor-independent.</li>
<li>Financial investments go to a public pool.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/modeler_skyview.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Roadmap</h2>
<ul>
<li>
7.8.7, Feb 23, 2022
<small>Stability and fixes.</small>
</li>
<li>
8.0.0, Feb 21, 2022
<small>New startup, data management.</small>
</li>
<li>
8.0.2, May 12, 2022
<small>Stability and fixes.</small>
</li>
<li>
8.2.0 Release Candidate 2, May 24, 2022
<small>Available for testing.</small>
</li>
<li>
8.2.0, June 2022
<small>Jupyter, parallel r.neighbors, …</small>
</li>
<!--
<li>
8.3.0, Spring 2023
<small>Single window interface as the default.</small>
</li>
-->
</ul>
<p><small>
major.minor.micro –
micro (x.y.z) brings fixes,
minor (x.y) brings features,
major (x) brings features and possibly backward incompatible changes
</small></p>
<br>
<img src="img/splash_screen.png" class="stretch">
<p><small><em>Questions?</em></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Convenience Improvements</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>First-time User Experience</h2>
Initial project sets up automatically and suggestions for next steps are provided.
<br>
<img src="img/first-time_user_world.png" class="stretch">
<p>
by Linda Kladivova &
rest of the community (many reviews, video calls, user surveys, …)
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>No Startup Screen</h2>
<img src="img/grass_startup_gone.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Centralized Data Management</h2>
All data manipulation centered around revamped <em>Data</em> tab.
<br>
<img src="img/data_catalog_isolines.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Linda Kladivova, Anna Petrasova, Vaclav Petras
</section>
<section>
<h2>Single-Window GUI</h2>
<p>
One window with optimized layout.
</p>
<img src="img/single_window_8.2_dark.png" class="stretch">
<p>Opt-in preview in 8.2: <em>Settings > Preferences > General</em></p>
<p>by Linda Kladivova</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Integration with Jupyter Notebooks</h2>
<ul>
<li>Notebooks: Mix of text, code, results, images, …</li>
<li>Usage: Prototyping, reproducibility, tutorials, …</li>
<li>Now in GRASS GIS: Python functions for easy integration</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/jupyter_text_images_3d.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Caitlin Haedrich</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Integration with Jupyter Notebooks</h2>
<p>
Web map with base maps, zooming, customizations, …
</p>
<img src="img/jupyter_interactive_viewshed.png" class="stretch">
<p>
<a href="https://tinyurl.com/grass-rc2">tinyurl.com/grass-rc2</a>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Integration with Jupyter Notebooks</h2>
<p>
Time-series visualization
</p>
<img src="img/jupyter_timeseries_viewshed.gif" class="stretch">
<p>
<a href="https://tinyurl.com/grass-rc2">tinyurl.com/grass-rc2</a>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Integration with Jupyter Notebooks</h2>
<p>
3D visualization
</p>
<img src="img/jupyter_3d_viewshed.png" class="stretch">
<p>
<a href="https://tinyurl.com/grass-rc2">tinyurl.com/grass-rc2</a>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Semantic Labels for Rasters</h2>
<ul>
<li>
attach a labels to raster maps
<small>(e.g., <code>S2_1</code> or <code>red</code>)</small>
<ul>
<li>image classification can use sematic labels to identify bands</li>
<li>different scenes can then be classified if semantic labels are the same</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
organize bands within one spatio-temporal dataset
</li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/i_superpixels_slic_ndvi.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Maris Nartiss, Martin Landa, Markus Metz</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Docker Containers</h2>
<br>
<ul>
<li>Different flavours</li>
<li>Built and updated automatically</li>
<li>For all branches and tags</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/grass_docker.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>actinia</h2>
<ul>
<li>REST API</li>
<li>3rd party project, open source</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mundialis/actinia_core">github.com/mundialis/actinia_core</a></li>
</ul>
<img src="img/actinia_logo.svg" class="stretch">
<small>by Markus Neteler, Carmen Tawalika, Anika Weinmann, …</small>
<p><small><em>Questions?</em></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Speed Improvements</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Multi-threading with OpenMP</h2>
<ul>
<li>More tasks done in parallel in the same tool</li>
<li><code>nprocs</code> specifies number of cores (processes, threads)</li>
<li><code>memory</code> specifies RAM in MB</li>
<li><em>Performance</em> section in documentation describes the behavior</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/openmp_r_series_section.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>r.series (OpenMP parallel)</h2>
<p>
Cell value is a function of the corresponding cells in the inputs.
</p>
<p>
<img src="img/r_series_average_explanation.png" style="height: 7ex">
</p>
<img src="img/openmp_r_series.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern in 8.2</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>r.neighbors (OpenMP parallel)</h2>
<p>
Cell value is a function of the cells around it.
</p>
<p>
<img src="img/r_neighbors_explanation.png" style="height: 7ex">
</p>
<img src="img/openmp_r_neighbors.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern in 8.2</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>r.mfilter (OpenMP parallel)</h2>
<p>
Cell value is a function of the cells around it.
</p>
<p>
<img src="img/r_mfilter_explanation.png" style="height: 7ex">
</p>
<img src="img/openmp_r_mfilter.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern in 8.2</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>r.slope.aspect (OpenMP parallel)</h2>
<p>
Slope, aspect, and other derivatives of an elevation raster.
</p>
<p>
<img src="img/r_slope_aspect.png" style="height: 7ex">
</p>
<img src="img/openmp_r_slope_aspect.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern in 8.2</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>r.patch (OpenMP parallel)</h2>
<p>
Mosaic multiple rasters into one.
</p>
<p>
<img src="img/r_patch_explanation.png" style="height: 7ex">
</p>
<img src="img/openmp_r_patch.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern in 8.2</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>More parallel tools</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Core tools:
<small>
r.sun, v.surf.rst, r.sim.sediment, r.sim.water
</small>
</li>
<li>
Addons tools:
<small>
r.sun.daily, r.in.usgs,
r.mapcalc.tiled, t.rast.what.aggr,
r.connectivity.corridors, r.viewshed.exposure,
and 14 more
<!-- 20 total -->
</small>
</li>
<li>
Parallelizing custom Python scripts:
<ul>
<li>GridModule <small>(by tile)</small></li>
<li>multiprocessing, ParallelModuleQueue <small>(by task)</small></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/piemonte_shaded_elevation.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Faster External Data Links</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<em>r.external</em> can link (open) external raster data faster.
<ul>
<li>2-5× faster computation of min & max</li>
<li>almost no time if min & max in metadata
<li>almost no time if min & max are not needed later</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Great for workflows when only portion of the data is processed in GRASS GIS.</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/r_external_us.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Markus Metz</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Improved HPC Readiness</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ncsu-geoforall-lab/grass-gis-on-hpc-henry2">Recipes for High Performance Computing setups</a></li>
<li>Better integration with conda environments</li>
<li>Reduced potential for race conditions</li>
<li>Easier to create parallel workflows</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/skyview.png" class="stretch">
<small>by Vaclav Petras, Markus Neteler, Nicklas Larsson, …</small>
<p><small><em>Questions?</em></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>More Features</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Science and Code</h2>
<ul>
<li>
What algorithm
<ul>
<li>references to related scientific papers</li>
<li>references to papers associated with tools or libraries</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
What exact code
<ul>
<li>source code, its history, and latest change</li>
<li>
DOI record with a copy of the code for each release
<ul>
<li>One to cite all versions: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5176030">DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5176030</a></li>
<li>One for each released version</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<p>→ transparency, reproducibility, provenance</p>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
How used
<ul>
<li>usage visible in scientific literature</li>
<li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gJ0ZB0cAAAAJ">GRASS GIS Google Scholar profile</a>, h-index 93 <small>(experimental)</small></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Lidar Data Import with PDAL</h2>
<ul>
<li>Binning & filtering using any point dimension <small>(including user defined ones, e.g., from PDAL filters)</small></li>
<li>Support for 19 binning methods</li>
<li>Linux and macOS only. Help needed for Windows!</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/elevation.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Vaclav Petras and Maris Nartiss</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Skeletons and Centerlines</h2>
<em>v.voronoi</em> tool can now create area skeletons and centerlines.
<img src="img/lake_skeleton_naip.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Markus Metz
</section>
<section>
<h2>GitHub-centered Software Development</h2>
<ul>
<li>Git</li>
<li>PRs</li>
<li>Issues</li>
<li>GitHub Actions</li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/octocat.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Improved and Robust Code Quality Checks</h2>
<ul>
<li>Python code formatted by Black.</li>
<li>Python code checked against Flake8, some even Pylint.</li>
<li>Most of warnings in C code removed and now checked.</li>
<li>Code tested with CodeQL.</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/code_in_vscodium.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Nicklas Larsson, Vaclav Petras, Anna Petrasova, Carmen Tawalika, ...
</section>
<section>
<h2>Addons Repository</h2>
<ul>
<li>Community-maintained tools <small>(addons aka extensions, plugins)</small></li>
<li>Separate from the main repository, but only one repository</li>
<li>A repository with the source code, not just a registry</li>
<li>Best of both worlds:
<ul>
<li>Broader community of contributors, <small>including one-time contributors</small></li>
<li>Single repository maintained by the core community</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/grass_team.jpg" class="stretch">
<p><small><em>Questions?</em></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>FUTURES</h2>
<p><em>r.futures</em> - set of tools for urban growth modeling</p>
<img src="img/FUTURES_Raleigh.png" class="stretch">
<p>by NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>PoPS</h2>
<p><em>r.pops.spread</em> - Pest or Pathogen Spread simulation</p>
<img src="img/pops_version_1.png" class="stretch">
<p>by NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics
</section>
<section>
<h2>Visual Exposure to a Defined Source</h2>
<em>r.viewshed.exposure</em> - Weighted cumulative viewshed analysis defining visual exposure to a source
<br>
<img src="img/r_viewshed_exposure.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Zofie Cimburova and Stefan Blumentrath</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Weighted Layers for Dasymetric Mapping</h2>
<p><em>r.area.createweight</em> - Weighting layer for dasymetric mapping using a random forest regression model.</p>
<img src="img/r_area_createweight.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Charlotte Flasse, Tais Grippa, Safa Fennia</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Hydrologic Parameters Using a Flow Direction Raster</h2>
<em>r.accumulate</em> - Weighted flow accumulation, subwatersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction
<br>
<img src="img/subwatersheds.png" class="stretch">
<p>
<small>
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104774">Cho (2020): A recursive algorithm for calculating the longest flow path and its iterative implementation</a>
<small>(faster and better than competition)</small>
<br>
See also: <a href="https://workshop.isnew.info/foss4g-2021-r.topmodel/"><em>Physically-based hydrologic modeling using GRASS GIS r.topmodel</em></a>
</small>
</p>
<p>by Huidae Cho</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Valley Bottom Flatness Index</h2>
<p><em>r.valley.bottom</em> - Multi-resolution Valley Bottom Flatness (MrVBF)</p>
<img src="img/r_valley_bottom_3d.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Helmut Kudrnovsky, Steven Pawley
</section>
<section>
<h2>Sentinel, THREDDS, …, netCDF, CSV</h2>
<p>
Automated download and import of common datasets
<small>
i.sentinel, i.modis, i.landsat, r.in.usgs, r.in.nasadem, m.crawl.thredds, t.rast.import.netcdf, …
</small>
</p>
<img src="img/usgs_ned_naip_3d.png" class="stretch">
<p>
<small>
by
Fondazione Edmund Mach,
OpenGeoLabs,
mundialis
GSoC,
NC State University,
CONICET,
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research,
<!--
Luca Delucchi (Fondazione Edmund Mach),
Martin Landa (OpenGeoLabs),
Anika Weinmann (mundialis),
Guido Riembauer (mundialis),
Roberta Fagandini (GSoC),
Zechariah Krautwurst (GSoC),
Anna Petrasova (NC State University),
Vaclav Petras (NC State University),
Veronica Andreo (CONICET),
Stefan Blumentrath (Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA)
-->
…
</small>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Documentation:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/learn/">Learn center</a></li>
<li>See <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/graphical_index.html">full list of core tools</a>
<li>See <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/addons">tools in Addons repository</a>
</ul>
<li>
Tutorials <small>(my three favorites)</small>:
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/petrasovaa/grass-gis-workshop-FOSS4G-2021">From Beginner to Power User <small>with Jupyter (FOSS4G 2021)</small></a>
<li>
<a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Processing_lidar_and_UAV_point_clouds_in_GRASS_GIS_(workshop_at_FOSS4G_Boston_2017)">Processing lidar and UAV point clouds</a>
<li>
<a href="http://ncsu-geoforall-lab.github.io/grass-temporal-workshop/">
Spatio-temporal data handling and visualization</a>
</ul>
<li>
Books:
<ul>
<li>Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach <small>(the classic)</small>
<li>Tangible Modeling with Open Source GIS <small>(use-case-based with additional flavors)</small>
<li>Open Source Approaches to Spatial Data Handling <small>(broader context)</small>
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Support</h2>
<ul>
<li>Community support
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-user">user mailing list</a> <small>(with vast archives since 1991)</small>
<li><a href="https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/grass">GIS StackExchange</a> <small>(use increasing)</small>
<li><a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/discussions">GitHub Discussions</a> <small>(since September 2021)</small></li>
</ul>
<li>Commercial support
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.mundialis.de/en/open-source-gis/">mundialis</a>
<li><a href="https://opengeolabs.cz/en/home/">OpenGeoLabs</a> (& GISMentors)
<li><a href="https://www.northrivergeographic.com/">North River Geographic Systems</a>
<li><a href="https://geospatial.ncsu.edu/engage/service-center/">Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University</a>
<li>…
</ul>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" alt="GRASS GIS logo" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Sponsoring</h2>
<ul>
<li>Individuals:
<ul>
<li>Time: organize virtual community event, fix typos, …</li>
<li>
Money: <a href="https://opencollective.com/grass">opencollective.com/grass</a>
<small>(new!)</small>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Organizations:
<ul>
<li>Time: employee time</li>
<li>Money: pay developers (companies) <small>to add features or fix bugs</small></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/osgeo_codesprint_2018.jpg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" alt="GRASS GIS logo" class="stretch">
<p>
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/">grass.osgeo.org</a>
<p>
vpetras@ncsu.edu
<br>
<a href="https://twitter.com/vaclavpetras/"><small>Twitter:</small> vaclavpetras</a>
<br>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/vaclav-petras-a24a1b114/"><small>LinkedIn:</small> Vaclav Petras</a>
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks">wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks</a>
</section>
</div>
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