mappings.md

Movement

• h, j, k, l ... left, below, top, right
• <C-i> ... trace movements forward in files (in method)
• <C-o> ... trace movements backwards in files (out method)
• w ... forwards to the next word
• W ... forwards to the next word via whitespace separation (no words are counted)
• e ... forwards to the end of the next word
• E ... forwards to the end of the next word via whitespace separation (no words are counted)
• b ... backwards to the beginning of the word
• B ... backward to the beginning of the word via whitespace separation (no words are counted)
• ge ... backward to the end of the previous word
• gE ... backward to the end of the previous word via whitespace separation (no words are counted)
• % ... jump to the fitting brackets of (, {, [
• 10G ... jump to line 10
• 20| ... go to column 20 of the current line
• ^| 0 | _ ... go to the beginning of a line (think of anchored to the start)
• $ ... go the end of a row (the buck ends here)
• <C-u> ... scroll upper (as a picture: scroll down half of the screen)
• <C-d> ... scroll down (as a picture: scroll up half of the screen)
• <C-b> ... scroll backwards a whole page (not only the visible part)
• <C-f> ... scroll forwards a whole page (not only in the visible part)
• } ... move to end of next paragraph or code block
• { ... move to start of previous paragraph or code block
• )... move the cursor forward to the next sentence
• ( ... move the cursor forward to the previous sentence
• gg ... go to the beginning of a file (beginning of the giggle)
• G ... go to the end of a file
• ddp ... will switch two lines
• in the commandline of vim
  • <C-a> ... beginning of a line
  • <C-e> ... go at the of a line
  • <C-b> ... go one word left
  • <C-f> ... go one word right
  • <C-p> ... move back in the command history
  • <C-n> ... move forward in the command history

Edit

• I ... go to the beginning of line in edit mode
• A ... go at the end of line in edit mode
• o ... go into a new line below the cursor in edit mode
• O ... insert new line in front of the current cursor position
• s ... replace the current character and stay in insert mode - you can add as many words as you like
• C ... replace the current character till the rest of the line with characters -> press ESC to go into normal mode
• r ... replace only the actual char under the cursor after that back to normal mode
• R ... replace mode - stay in this mode and all following words will be replaced
• u ... undo last changes (U undo last changes of the last edited line)
• <C-R> ... redo the last change
• u | U ... make the selected text small | big in visual mode
• ~ ... toggle upper or lower case of character in normal mode and go to next char
• x ... cut character into default register
• xp ... transpose the next two characters ("character twiddeling")
• p ... put contents of default register after the cursor (is doing a paste)
• P ... put before the cursor (is doing a paste)
• V ... mark the whole line in visual mode
• gV ... reselect the text which was marked in visual mode before
  • o ... will go to the other end of the visual selection when using gv
• cw | ce ... delete the word with going into insert mode
• cW | cE ... delete the word with going into insert mode via whitespace separation (no words are counted)
• ci" ... delete everything whats inside the special sign " (others are "", '', (), {}, [] ) and go into the edit mode
• = ... autoindent line
• == ... indent the actual line
• =G ... format the whole file
• J ... join two lines
• gJ ... join lines without whitespace
• dd | dL ... delete current line, no matter where the cursor is in the current line
• <C-v> ... Visual block mode select (when pressing c the selected text disappears and go in insert mode)
• <C-a> ... incerase any number by one (you can use motions, e.g. 9<C-a>)
• <C-x> ... decrease any number by one
• <C-x><C-t> ... opens thesaurus
• <C-r>% ... insert the current filename in insert mode
• . ... repeat the last made action
• @: ... repeat any last Ex command (pressing @@ will repeat then the last command)
• zR ... reduce all folding (opens all foldings)
• zM ... folds more (closes all foldings of all levels)
• zo ... opens a single folding
• zc ... closes a single folding
• :q ... exit Vim don't save changes
• :q! ... force exit without saving
• :wq | ZZ | :x ... exit Vim and save changes
• :w! ... overwrites existing file
• :split bla.txt ... open file via horizontal split
• :vsplit bla.txt ... open file via vertical split
• :e! ... reload the file
• vim <file> +<number> ... open the file in the specified location
• <C-r>=system("ls") ... will insert the terminal output in the current file

Delete, Cut, and copy

• x ... delete single character
• dw ... delete whole word (use motions: 2dw deletes two words)
• dd | dL ... cut the whole line
• D | d$ ... delete all characters after the cursor till EOL
• C ... deletes all characters after the cursor position and will go in insert mode
• s ... delete current char and go into insert mode
• d is an operator pending operator
• df<char> ... press the character until which should be deleted (inclusive the char)
• dt<char> ... delete till a char at start right in front of it (exclusive the char)
• dst ... deletes surrounding tag (good for HTML working)
• yy ... copy whole line (Y means the same)
• yw ... yank whole word
• "+y ... copy to clipboard (you have to be in visual mode)
• "+p ... paste from clipboard when being in normal mode
• "f3Y ... yanking the next three lines in register f
• "fp ... paste the contents of register f
• :<range>y ... will yank the specified lines of the range (good to prevent stupid moving just for yanking a single line)
• :<range>copy{address} ... copy the range and put it below the address (e.g. :16copy15); a shortcut for copy is t (to)

Ctags

• ctags -R . ... creates a tag file
• :tags ... show the list of tags you traversed through
• <C-]> ... jump into the tag
• <C-t> ... reverse through tag history
• g<C-]> ... opens a a dialog for chosing the jump into the tag

Autocompletion

• <C-n>|<C-p> ... Keyword autocompletion for next|previous matching
• <C-x><C-n> ... path autocompletion current buffer keywords
• <C-x><C-i> ... include file keywords
• <C-x><C-o> ... omnicomplete with context awareness
• <C-x><C-k> ... autocompletion from dictionary
• <C-x><C-f> ... filename completion for the current directory
• <C-x><C-]> ... tags file keywords (either in normal mode to search after all tags or in insert mode for completion)
• <C-c> | <C-e> ... exit from autocompletion pop up
• <C-x><C-t> ... thesaurus lookup (only in insert mode)
• <C-x><C-k> ... dictionary lookup (only in insert mode)

Search and Replace

• /<pattern> ... top-down search
• /<CR> ... jump forward to next match of same pattern
• ?<pattern> ... bottom-up search
• ?<CR> ... jump backward to next match of same pattern
• * ... search after the word under the cursor (top-down)
• # ... search after the word under the cursor (bottom-up)
• n ... jump to the next matching (direction forward)
• N ... jump to the previous matching (direction backwards)
• f{char} ... move forward to first {char} inclusive the {char}
• t{char} ... move forward to til {char} but stops left before the {char}
• F{char} ... backward to next occurrence of {char}
• T{char} ... backward to the character after the previous occurrence of {char}
• ; ... repeat last search command forward (effective with f{char} finding commands)
• , ... repeat run last search command backward (effective with f{char} finding commands)
• %s/.../<options> ... will start the substitute function, % says to run substitute through the whole file
  • with range: 1,5s/this/that/g
  • /g ... global and will replace all matchings at a line
  • /c ... confirm and makes prompt for each replacement
  • /n ... number and will print the number of replacements without performing the substitution
• :help :vglobal ... shows us how to perform an operation on all lines that don’t match the given pattern. In this case we delete lines that don’t match what we’re looking for.
• :help :global ... is how we can run a given command (in this case a :normal command) for each line that matches a pattern. example :g/def/normal Ai -> will insert at the end of each line containing the def word a 'i' to
• & ... repeats the last substitution command %s/.../<options>
• && ... the first & forms the Ex command which repeats the last :substitute command, the second & indicates, that the flags from the previous :substitute command should be reused
• Lazy searching:
  • mark the string in visual selection and press *
  • run %s/<C-r>//g -> the <C-r>/ will place the last search pattern
  • alternatively, you can insert the contents of a register with <C-r>{register} -> remember that 0 stands for the last yanked line
• pasting a word from register to search for it:
  • in normal mode press "ayw"
  • go into search mode via /
  • press Ctrl-R a to paste the contents of register a
• open files of a certain type and do a replacement:
  • args **/*.md ... open all markdown files
  • argdo :%s/test/bla/gce | update ... run the replacement to all files in the buffer, update writes the file only if changes were made, the e silence errors from the substitution command

Matching Patterns and literals

• \v ... enables very magic search, means that in the pattern after it all ASCII characters except '0'-'9', 'a'-'z', 'A'-'Z' and underscore have a special meaning.
• \V ... cancel special meanings of words for pattern matching (e.g. ., *, }, ...) -> this kind of search is called verbatim searches, example: /\Va.k.a will match only a.k.a
• \x ... is a shortcut for the pattern [0-9A-Fa-f] -> you can learn more about them under :h character-classes
• use parentheses to match pattern and use them later with reference: example /\v<(\w+)\_s+\1> with \1 we are referencing to the first match
• searching with word boundaries: you can use < for the beginning and > for the end
  • /\<word\> ... matching only the word which stands alone with - no other words in front or after the word
  • /<word\> ... matching only words which ends on
  • /\<word\> ... matching only words which starts with
• /word$ ... search after the word at the end of each line
• /^word ... search after the word at the beginning of each line
• h.l ... match all words, which starts with h, then any character and an l

Command line

• <C-Left> ... move one word back
• <C-Right> ... move one word forward
• <C-b> ... move one character backwards
• <C-f> ... move one character forwards
• <C-e> ... move to the end of the line
• <C-a> ... move to the end of the line
• <C-h> ... delete back one character
• <C-w> ... delete the previous word
• <C-c> ... exit the command-line
• :! ... execute any extern command (like ls)
• :r! ... read the output of a Ex command and paste the the output in the current file (e.g. :r! ls)

Insert mode

• <C-t> ... add shift
• <C-d> ... remove shift
• <C-h> ... delete back one character
• <C-u> ... delete all characters left from the cursor
• <C-x-l> ... line completion
• <C-w> ... delete the previous word
• <C-k>{char1}{char2} ... will insert digraphs (:h digraphs)
• <C-r>+ ... paste from clipboard while in insert mode
• <C-r>u ... paste from register u
• <C-r>/ ... insert the pattern of last search
• <C-o> ... go to Insert Normal mode, means that you run one normal command and after that go into insert mode

Buffers

• :ls ... list all buffers
  • #a ... a buffer with no name
  • %a ... current buffer
  • # ... previous buffer
• :b | ... will open the buffer of the specified number or name (tab completion)
• :bn ... go to the next buffer
• :bp ... go to the previous buffer
• :b# ... jump to the previous buffer (toggle function)
• :bd | (stands for buffer delete)
• :bufdo ... performs the following command for each opened buffer
  • :bufdo echo “bla” ... will print “bla” in the amount of the opened buffers
• working with hidden buffers - they occur if you save changes to a buffer before quitting the program. There are the following strategies to get rid of this problem:
  • :w - write the changes
  • :e! - restore the origin file
  • :bd! - remove buffer from the buffer list and revert all made changes
  • :q! - force Vim to quit and discard all changes to the buffers

Windows

• <C-w> s ... split window horizontal
• <C-w> v ... split window vertical
• <C-w> c ... close actual window
• <C-w> [hjkl] ... go to a specific window
• adjust windows size
  • <C-w> _ ... the actual window horizontal max
  • <C-w> | ... the actual window vertical max
  • <C-w> [+...-] ... change window size incremental (+ for increase and ⁻ for decrease) -> command-line window will grow or shrink
  • <C-w => ... adjust all windows to the same size
• :ccl ... closes the quickfix windows
• :lcl ... closes the location windows (lint commands)

Marks

• m{a-zA-Z} ... create a mark with the name a (marks will be saved for every file)
• 'a ... jump to mark a
• [a-z] ... local marks (volatile)
• [A-Z] ... global marks (not volatile)
• :marks ... output marks of the actual file
• automatic marks - . ... location of last change
  • ^ ... location of last insertion
  • < ... start of last visual selection
  • > ... end of last visual selection

Text objects

• a) | ab ... a pair of parentheses (including the parentheses)
• i) | ib ... inside of parentheses
• a} | aB ... a pair of braces (including the parentheses)
• i} | aB ... inside of braces
• a], a>, a', a" ... a pair of brackets, a pair of angle brackets, a pair of single quotes, a pair of double quotes
• i], i>, i', i" ... inside of brackets, inside of angle brackets, inside of single quotes, inside of double quotes
• at ... a pair of tags
• it ... inside of tags
• iw | iW ... current word|WORD
• aw | aW ... current word|WORD plus one space
• is ... current sentence
• as ... current sentence plus one space
• ip ... current paragraph between newline separator)
• ap ... current paragraph plus one blank line
• ab ... a block so only ( and ) parts and all whats between these delimiters

Operators and motions -> speak editor sentences

• operators => motions are text objects because they move the cursor around
  • c{motion} ... change
  • d{motion} ... delete
  • y{motion} ... yank into register
• cis ... change inside sentence
• ci" ... change inside quote
• vap ... visual around paragraph (visually select this paragraph)
• yaw ... yank around word - copy the current word, no matter where your cursor is inside the current word
• daw ... deletes a word
• vi} ... select visual the content inside the } delimiter
• ctX ... change till X

Different Things

• "%p ... insert the current filename in normal mode
• '0 ... when opening Vim and pressing this command will bring you back to last file you changed
• ggVG ... mark the whole text
• gf ... open the file which is under the cursor
• g<C-g> ... count the words of a file and gives extensive overview of words and chars
• q/ ... overview of all search patterns
• q: ... opens the command-line with history of Ex commands
• <C-w>o ... close all windows except the current one
• <C-z> ... will background the terminal Vim session and return to bash; fg resume the suspended job
• :ascii | ga ... displays the ASCII, Hex and Octal representation of the character under the actual cursor
• :changes ... shows all the changes to a local buffer
• :map ... over view of all mappings of the current session
• :messages ... history of all events of the current session
• :retab ... replace all tabs of a file with spaces
• :options ... opens a new window with all specified options you can set in Vim (even with nice explanations)
• :args ... prints a list of all opened files
• :saveas <filename> - save the changes you made on the new text file
• :history ... print the last commands for the command-line
• :redir @a> <CMD> redir END ... will put the <CMD> in the register a
• v/ is the opposite of g/ ... "I want to match what I want to keep and delete the rest"
• :history print the last commands -> useful when writing a script :history :-20, will print the last 20 commands
• :nohls ... turns of highlighting words of pattern search
• :wall ... write all changes in all open buffers
• :sort ... normal alphabetical
• :sort! ... inverse alphabetical
• :qall ... quite all windows and will ask for unmodified changes
• :tohtml ... will call an internal plugin to convert markdown into an HTML file in an extra window
• :only ... close all windows except the actual one
• digraphs ... will display list of characters that are not on the keyboard (still don't know how to use them)
• gx ... opens the URL under the browser
• :help ... open the help menu (dopple click on a link will go it)
  • <C-]> ... jump into the hyperlink
  • <C-T> ... jump back in your search history
• :help functions-list ... get an overview of all existing functions in Vimscript
• :help <plugin-name>.txt ... opens the documentation of a plugin
• :helptags ... will regenerate the helptags
• :helpgrep <searchterm> ... search all doc after the specified term (press :cwindow to see all matchings)
• :help 'complete' ... specifies how keyword completion works
• :help ins-completion overview of commands to start autocompletion

Spellchecker

• ]s ... place the cursor on the next error
• [s ... place the cursor on the previous error
• z= ... shows all correction to a word
• zg ... add a word to the dictionary
• zuw ... remove a word from the dictionary
• <C-x>s ... scan backwards from current cursor position in insert mode for errors
• :set spelllang ... activate the spell checker
• :set spelling=de_20 ... setting the spell-language to 'neue deutsche Rechtschreibung'
• :set spelling=de_19 ... setting the spell-language to 'alte deutsche Rechtschreibung'

vim grammar

• repetition = 1..9 (non-zero-digit)
• motion = w | W | b | B | e | E | ^ | $ | { | %
• operator:
  • d ... delete
  • y ... yank
  • c ... change
• modifier = a | i
• object = w | W | s | p | [ | ] | { | } | ( | ) | " | ' | | ` | < | >
• text-obj = modifier object
• rule #1 = operator motion
  • example:
    • d$ ... delete till end of line
    • yW ... copy till end of WORD
• rule #2 = [repetition] operator [repetition] (motion | text-obj)
  • 3dw ... delete a word three times
  • d3w ... delete forward for three words
  • 3d5w ... delete forward for five words 3 times

Hacks

• replace line ending through \\: :%s/$/ \\\\/
• replace a = b to b = a: :%s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/\2=\1
• capture-group: :%s/(#\d+)/http\1/gc
• replace number to certain URL: %s/(#\d+)/[\1](http://github.com/padrino/padrino-framework/issues/\1)/gc
• link to github URL: %s/(@\w+)/[\1](http://github.com/\1)/gc

Speak Vim

• verbs: v (visual), c (change), d (delete), y (yank/copy)
• modifiers: i (inside), a (around), t (till .. finds a character), f (find .. like till except including the char), / (search..find a string/regex)
• text object: w (word), s (sentence) p (paragraph) b (block/parentheses), t (tag, works for html/xml)

Custom statusline

set statusline=%f " name of the current file set statusline+=\ %y " Filetype of the file set statusline+=\ %m " show, if the file was modified set statusline+=%l/%L[%p%%] " l .. current line, L .. total line number, p .. percentage set statusline+=\ C:%v " show the current column set statusline+=\ B:#%n " show the current buffer