stardict.py

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 et :
#======================================================================
#
# stardict.py - 
#
# Created by skywind on 2011/05/13
# Last Modified: 2018/08/11 14:11
#
#======================================================================
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
import time
import os
import io
import csv
import sqlite3
import codecs

try:
    import json
except:
    import simplejson as json

MySQLdb = None


#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# python3 compatible
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
    unicode = str
    long = int
    xrange = range


#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# word strip
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def stripword(word):
    return (''.join([ n for n in word if n.isalnum() ])).lower()


#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# StarDict 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
class StarDict (object):

    def __init__ (self, filename, verbose = False):
        self.__dbname = filename
        if filename != ':memory:':
            os.path.abspath(filename)
        self.__conn = None
        self.__verbose = verbose
        self.__open()

    # 初始化并创建必要的表格和索引
    def __open (self):
        sql = '''
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "stardict" (
            "id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
            "word" VARCHAR(64) COLLATE NOCASE NOT NULL UNIQUE,
            "sw" VARCHAR(64) COLLATE NOCASE NOT NULL,
            "phonetic" VARCHAR(64),
            "definition" TEXT,
            "translation" TEXT,
            "pos" VARCHAR(16),
            "collins" INTEGER DEFAULT(0),
            "oxford" INTEGER DEFAULT(0),
            "tag" VARCHAR(64),
            "bnc" INTEGER DEFAULT(NULL),
            "frq" INTEGER DEFAULT(NULL),
            "exchange" TEXT,
            "detail" TEXT,
            "audio" TEXT
        );
        CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "stardict_1" ON stardict (id);
        CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "stardict_2" ON stardict (word);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "stardict_3" ON stardict (sw, word collate nocase);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "sd_1" ON stardict (word collate nocase);
        '''

        self.__conn = sqlite3.connect(self.__dbname, isolation_level = "IMMEDIATE")
        self.__conn.isolation_level = "IMMEDIATE"

        sql = '\n'.join([ n.strip('\t') for n in sql.split('\n') ])
        sql = sql.strip('\n')

        self.__conn.executescript(sql)
        self.__conn.commit()

        fields = ( 'id', 'word', 'sw', 'phonetic', 'definition', 
            'translation', 'pos', 'collins', 'oxford', 'tag', 'bnc', 'frq', 
            'exchange', 'detail', 'audio' )
        self.__fields = tuple([(fields[i], i) for i in range(len(fields))])
        self.__names = { }
        for k, v in self.__fields:
            self.__names[k] = v
        self.__enable = self.__fields[3:]
        return True

    # 数据库记录转化为字典
    def __record2obj (self, record):
        if record is None:
            return None
        word = {}
        for k, v in self.__fields:
            word[k] = record[v]
        if word['detail']:
            text = word['detail']
            try:
                obj = json.loads(text)
            except:
                obj = None
            word['detail'] = obj
        return word

    # 关闭数据库
    def close (self):
        if self.__conn:
            self.__conn.close()
        self.__conn = None
    
    def __del__ (self):
        self.close()

    # 输出日志
    def out (self, text):
        if self.__verbose:
            print(text)
        return True

    # 查询单词
    def query (self, key):
        c = self.__conn.cursor()
        record = None
        if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
            c.execute('select * from stardict where id = ?;', (key,))
        elif isinstance(key, str) or isinstance(key, unicode):
            c.execute('select * from stardict where word = ?', (key,))
        else:
            return None
        record = c.fetchone()
        return self.__record2obj(record)

    # 查询单词匹配
    def match (self, word, limit = 10, strip = False):
        c = self.__conn.cursor()
        if not strip:
            sql = 'select id, word from stardict where word >= ? '
            sql += 'order by word collate nocase limit ?;'
            c.execute(sql, (word, limit))
        else:
            sql = 'select id, word from stardict where sw >= ? '
            sql += 'order by sw, word collate nocase limit ?;'
            c.execute(sql, (stripword(word), limit))
        records = c.fetchall()
        result = []
        for record in records:
            result.append(tuple(record))
        return result

    # 批量查询
    def query_batch (self, keys):
        sql = 'select * from stardict where '
        if keys is None:
            return None
        if not keys:
            return []
        querys = []
        for key in keys:
            if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
                querys.append('id = ?')
            elif key is not None:
                querys.append('word = ?')
        sql = sql + ' or '.join(querys) + ';'
        query_word = {}
        query_id = {}
        c = self.__conn.cursor()
        c.execute(sql, tuple(keys))
        for row in c:
            obj = self.__record2obj(row)
            query_word[obj['word'].lower()] = obj
            query_id[obj['id']] = obj
        results = []
        for key in keys:
            if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
                results.append(query_id.get(key, None))
            elif key is not None:
                results.append(query_word.get(key.lower(), None))
            else:
                results.append(None)
        return tuple(results)

    # 取得单词总数
    def count (self):
        c = self.__conn.cursor()
        c.execute('select count(*) from stardict;')
        record = c.fetchone()
        return record[0]

    # 注册新单词
    def register (self, word, items, commit = True):
        sql = 'INSERT INTO stardict(word, sw) VALUES(?, ?);'
        try:
            self.__conn.execute(sql, (word, stripword(word)))
        except sqlite3.IntegrityError as e:
            self.out(str(e))
            return False
        except sqlite3.Error as e:
            self.out(str(e))
            return False
        self.update(word, items, commit)
        return True

    # 删除单词
    def remove (self, key, commit = True):
        if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
            sql = 'DELETE FROM stardict WHERE id=?;'
        else:
            sql = 'DELETE FROM stardict WHERE word=?;'
        try:
            self.__conn.execute(sql, (key,))
            if commit:
                self.__conn.commit()
        except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
            return False
        return True

    # 清空数据库
    def delete_all (self, reset_id = False):
        sql1 = 'DELETE FROM stardict;'
        sql2 = "UPDATE sqlite_sequence SET seq = 0 WHERE name = 'stardict';"
        try:
            self.__conn.execute(sql1)
            if reset_id:
                self.__conn.execute(sql2)
            self.__conn.commit()
        except sqlite3.IntegrityError as e:
            self.out(str(e))
            return False
        except sqlite3.Error as e:
            self.out(str(e))
            return False
        return True

    # 更新单词数据
    def update (self, key, items, commit = True):
        names = []
        values = []
        for name, id in self.__enable:
            if name in items:
                names.append(name)
                value = items[name]
                if name == 'detail':
                    if value is not None:
                        value = json.dumps(value, ensure_ascii = False)
                values.append(value)
        if len(names) == 0:
            if commit:
                try:
                    self.__conn.commit()
                except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
                    return False
            return False
        sql = 'UPDATE stardict SET ' + ', '.join(['%s=?'%n for n in names])
        if isinstance(key, str) or isinstance(key, unicode):
            sql += ' WHERE word=?;'
        else:
            sql += ' WHERE id=?;'
        try:
            self.__conn.execute(sql, tuple(values + [key]))
            if commit:
                self.__conn.commit()
        except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
            return False
        return True

    # 浏览词典
    def __iter__ (self):
        c = self.__conn.cursor()
        sql = 'select "id", "word" from "stardict"'
        sql += ' order by "word" collate nocase;'
        c.execute(sql)
        return c.__iter__()

    # 取得长度
    def __len__ (self):
        return self.count()

    # 检测存在
    def __contains__ (self, key):
        return self.query(key) is not None

    # 查询单词
    def __getitem__ (self, key):
        return self.query(key)

    # 提交变更
    def commit (self):
        try:
            self.__conn.commit()
        except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
            self.__conn.rollback()
            return False
        return True

    # 取得所有单词
    def dumps (self):
        return [ n for _, n in self.__iter__() ]



#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# startup MySQLdb
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def mysql_startup():
    global MySQLdb
    if MySQLdb is not None:
        return True
    try:
        import MySQLdb as _mysql
        MySQLdb = _mysql
    except ImportError:
        return False
    return True


#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# DictMysql
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
class DictMySQL (object):

    def __init__ (self, desc, init = False, timeout = 10, verbose = False):
        self.__argv = {}
        self.__uri = {}
        if isinstance(desc, dict):
            argv = desc
        else:
            argv = self.__url_parse(desc)
        for k, v in argv.items():
            self.__argv[k] = v
            if k not in ('engine', 'init', 'db', 'verbose'):
                self.__uri[k] = v
        self.__uri['connect_timeout'] = timeout
        self.__conn = None
        self.__verbose = verbose
        self.__init = init
        if 'db' not in argv:
            raise KeyError('not find db name')
        self.__open()

    def __open (self):
        mysql_startup()
        if MySQLdb is None:
            raise ImportError('No module named MySQLdb')
        fields = [ 'id', 'word', 'sw', 'phonetic', 'definition', 
            'translation', 'pos', 'collins', 'oxford', 'tag', 'bnc', 'frq', 
            'exchange', 'detail', 'audio' ]
        self.__fields = tuple([(fields[i], i) for i in range(len(fields))])
        self.__names = { }
        for k, v in self.__fields:
            self.__names[k] = v
        self.__enable = self.__fields[3:]
        self.__db = self.__argv.get('db', 'stardict')
        if not self.__init:
            uri = {}
            for k, v in self.__uri.items():
                uri[k] = v
            uri['db'] = self.__db
            self.__conn = MySQLdb.connect(**uri)
        else:
            self.__conn = MySQLdb.connect(**self.__uri)
            return self.init()
        return True

    # 输出日志
    def out (self, text):
        if self.__verbose:
            print(text)
        return True

    # 初始化数据库与表格
    def init (self):
        database = self.__argv.get('db', 'stardict')
        self.out('create database: %s'%database)
        self.__conn.query("SET sql_notes = 0;")
        self.__conn.query('CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS %s;'%database)
        self.__conn.query('USE %s;'%database)
        # self.__conn.query('drop table if exists stardict')
        sql = '''
            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `%s`.`stardict` (
            `id` INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
            `word` VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL UNIQUE KEY,
            `sw` VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
            `phonetic` VARCHAR(64),
            `definition` TEXT,
            `translation` TEXT,
            `pos` VARCHAR(16),
            `collins` SMALLINT DEFAULT 0,
            `oxford` SMALLINT DEFAULT 0,
            `tag` VARCHAR(64),
            `bnc` INT DEFAULT NULL,
            `frq` INT DEFAULT NULL,
            `exchange` TEXT,
            `detail` TEXT,
            `audio` TEXT,
            KEY(`sw`, `word`),
            KEY(`collins`),
            KEY(`oxford`),
            KEY(`tag`)
            )
            '''%(database)
        sql = '\n'.join([ n.strip('\t') for n in sql.split('\n') ])
        sql = sql.strip('\n')
        sql += ' ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;'
        self.__conn.query(sql)
        self.__conn.commit()
        return True

    # 读取 mysql://user:passwd@host:port/database
    def __url_parse (self, url):
        if url[:8] != 'mysql://':
            return None
        url = url[8:]
        obj = {}
        part = url.split('/')
        main = part[0]
        p1 = main.find('@')
        if p1 >= 0:
            text = main[:p1].strip()
            main = main[p1 + 1:]
            p1 = text.find(':')
            if p1 >= 0:
                obj['user'] = text[:p1].strip()
                obj['passwd'] = text[p1 + 1:].strip()
            else:
                obj['user'] = text
        p1 = main.find(':')
        if p1 >= 0:
            port = main[p1 + 1:]
            main = main[:p1]
            obj['port'] = int(port)
        main = main.strip()
        if not main:
            main = 'localhost'
        obj['host'] = main.strip()
        if len(part) >= 2:
            obj['db'] = part[1]
        return obj

    # 数据库记录转化为字典
    def __record2obj (self, record):
        if record is None:
            return None
        word = {}
        for k, v in self.__fields:
            word[k] = record[v]
        if word['detail']:
            text = word['detail']
            try:
                obj = json.loads(text)
            except:
                obj = None
            word['detail'] = obj
        return word

    # 关闭数据库
    def close (self):
        if self.__conn:
            self.__conn.close()
        self.__conn = None

    def __del__ (self):
        self.close()

    # 查询单词
    def query (self, key):
        record = None
        if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
            sql = 'select * from stardict where id = %s;'
        elif isinstance(key, str) or isinstance(key, unicode):
            sql = 'select * from stardict where word = %s;'
        else:
            return None
        with self.__conn as c:
            c.execute(sql, (key,))
            record = c.fetchone()
        return self.__record2obj(record)

    # 查询单词匹配
    def match (self, word, limit = 10, strip = False):
        c = self.__conn.cursor()
        if not strip:
            sql = 'select id, word from stardict where word >= %s '
            sql += 'order by word limit %s;'
            c.execute(sql, (word, limit))
        else:
            sql = 'select id, word from stardict where sw >= %s '
            sql += 'order by sw, word limit %s;'
            c.execute(sql, (stripword(word), limit))
        records = c.fetchall()
        result = []
        for record in records:
            result.append(tuple(record))
        return result

    # 批量查询
    def query_batch (self, keys):
        sql = 'select * from stardict where '
        if keys is None:
            return None
        if not keys:
            return []
        querys = []
        for key in keys:
            if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
                querys.append('id = %s')
            elif key is not None:
                querys.append('word = %s')
        sql = sql + ' or '.join(querys) + ';'
        query_word = {}
        query_id = {}
        with self.__conn as c:
            c.execute(sql, tuple(keys))
            for row in c:
                obj = self.__record2obj(row)
                query_word[obj['word'].lower()] = obj
                query_id[obj['id']] = obj
        results = []
        for key in keys:
            if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
                results.append(query_id.get(key, None))
            elif key is not None:
                results.append(query_word.get(key.lower(), None))
            else:
                results.append(None)
        return tuple(results)

    # 注册新单词
    def register (self, word, items, commit = True):
        sql = 'INSERT INTO stardict(word, sw) VALUES(%s, %s);'
        try:
            with self.__conn as c:
                c.execute(sql, (word, stripword(word)))
        except MySQLdb.Error as e:
            self.out(str(e))
            return False
        self.update(word, items, commit)
        return True

    # 删除单词
    def remove (self, key, commit = True):
        if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
            sql = 'DELETE FROM stardict WHERE id=%s;'
        else:
            sql = 'DELETE FROM stardict WHERE word=%s;'
        try:
            with self.__conn as c:
                c.execute(sql, (key,))
        except MySQLdb.Error as e:
            self.out(str(e))
            return False
        return True

    # 清空数据库
    def delete_all (self, reset_id = False):
        sql1 = 'DELETE FROM stardict;'
        try:
            with self.__conn as c:
                c.execute(sql1)
        except MySQLdb.Error as e:
            self.out(str(e))
            return False
        return True

    # 更新单词数据
    def update (self, key, items, commit = True):
        names = []
        values = []
        for name, id in self.__enable:
            if name in items:
                names.append(name)
                value = items[name]
                if name == 'detail':
                    if value is not None:
                        value = json.dumps(value, ensure_ascii = False)
                values.append(value)
        if len(names) == 0:
            if commit:
                try:
                    self.__conn.commit()
                except MySQLdb.Error as e:
                    self.out(str(e))
                    return False
            return False
        sql = 'UPDATE stardict SET ' + ', '.join(['%s=%%s'%n for n in names])
        if isinstance(key, str) or isinstance(key, unicode):
            sql += ' WHERE word=%s;'
        else:
            sql += ' WHERE id=%s;'
        try:
            with self.__conn as c:
                c.execute(sql, tuple(values + [key]))
        except MySQLdb.Error as e:
            self.out(str(e))
            return False
        return True

    # 取得数据量
    def count (self):
        sql = 'SELECT count(*) FROM stardict;'
        try:
            with self.__conn as c:
                c.execute(sql)
                row = c.fetchone()
                return row[0]
        except MySQLdb.Error as e:
            self.out(str(e))
            return -1
        return 0

    # 提交数据
    def commit (self):
        try:
            self.__conn.commit()
        except MySQLdb.Error as e:
            self.out(str(e))
            return False
        return True

    # 取得长度
    def __len__ (self):
        return self.count()

    # 检测存在
    def __contains__ (self, key):
        return self.query(key) is not None

    # 查询单词
    def __getitem__ (self, key):
        return self.query(key)

    # 取得所有单词
    def dumps (self):
        return [ n for _, n in self.__iter__() ]



#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# CSV COLUMNS
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
COLUMN_SIZE = 13
COLUMN_ID = COLUMN_SIZE
COLUMN_SD = COLUMN_SIZE + 1
COLUMN_SW = COLUMN_SIZE + 2


#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# DictCsv
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
class DictCsv (object):

    def __init__ (self, filename, codec = 'utf-8'):
        self.__csvname = None
        if filename is not None:
            self.__csvname = os.path.abspath(filename)
        self.__codec = codec
        self.__heads = ( 'word', 'phonetic', 'definition', 
            'translation', 'pos', 'collins', 'oxford', 'tag', 'bnc', 'frq', 
            'exchange', 'detail', 'audio' )
        heads = self.__heads
        self.__fields = tuple([ (heads[i], i) for i in range(len(heads)) ])
        self.__names = {}
        for k, v in self.__fields:
            self.__names[k] = v
        numbers = []
        for name in ('collins', 'oxford', 'bnc', 'frq'):
            numbers.append(self.__names[name])
        self.__numbers = tuple(numbers)
        self.__enable = self.__fields[1:]
        self.__dirty = False
        self.__words = {}
        self.__rows = []
        self.__index = []
        self.__read()

    def reset (self):
        self.__dirty = False
        self.__words = {}
        self.__rows = []
        self.__index = []
        return True

    def encode (self, text):
        if text is None:
            return None
        text = text.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('\n', '\\n')
        return text.replace('\r', '\\r')

    def decode (self, text):
        output = []
        i = 0
        if text is None:
            return None
        size = len(text)
        while i < size:
            c = text[i]
            if c == '\\':
                c = text[i + 1:i + 2]
                if c == '\\':
                    output.append('\\')
                elif c == 'n':
                    output.append('\n')
                elif c == 'r':
                    output.append('\r')
                else:
                    output.append('\\' + c)
                i += 2
            else:
                output.append(c)
                i += 1
        return ''.join(output)

    # 安全转行整数
    def readint (self, text):
        if text is None:
            return None
        if text == '':
            return 0
        try:
            x = long(text)
        except:
            return 0
        if x < 0x7fffffff:
            return int(x)
        return x

    # 读取文件
    def __read (self):
        self.reset()
        filename = self.__csvname
        if filename is None:
            return False
        if not os.path.exists(self.__csvname):
            return False
        codec = self.__codec
        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
            fp = open(filename, 'rb')
            content = fp.read()
            if not isinstance(content, type(b'')):
                content = content.encode(codec, 'ignore')
            content = content.replace(b'\r\n', b'\n')
            bio = io.BytesIO()
            bio.write(content)
            bio.seek(0)
            reader = csv.reader(bio)
        else:
            reader = csv.reader(open(filename, encoding = codec))
        rows = []
        index = []
        words = {}
        count = 0
        for row in reader:
            count += 1
            if count == 1:
                continue
            if len(row) < 1:
                continue
            if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
                row = [ n.decode(codec, 'ignore') for n in row ]
            if len(row) < COLUMN_SIZE:
                row.extend([None] * (COLUMN_SIZE - len(row)))
            if len(row) > COLUMN_SIZE:
                row = row[:COLUMN_SIZE]
            word = row[0].lower()
            if word in words:
                continue
            row.extend([0, 0, stripword(row[0])])
            words[word] = 1
            rows.append(row)
            index.append(row)
        self.__rows = rows
        self.__index = index
        self.__rows.sort(key = lambda row: row[0].lower())
        self.__index.sort(key = lambda row: (row[COLUMN_SW], row[0].lower()))
        for index in xrange(len(self.__rows)):
            row = self.__rows[index]
            row[COLUMN_ID] = index
            word = row[0].lower()
            self.__words[word] = row
        for index in xrange(len(self.__index)):
            row = self.__index[index]
            row[COLUMN_SD] = index
        return True

    # 保存文件
    def save (self, filename = None, codec = 'utf-8'):
        if filename is None:
            filename = self.__csvname
        if filename is None:
            return False
        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
            fp = open(filename, 'wb')
            writer = csv.writer(fp)
        else:
            fp = open(filename, 'w', encoding = codec)
            writer = csv.writer(fp)
        writer.writerow(self.__heads)   
        for row in self.__rows:
            newrow = []
            for n in row:
                if isinstance(n, int) or isinstance(n, long):
                    n = str(n)
                elif not isinstance(n, bytes):
                    if (n is not None) and sys.version_info[0] < 3:
                        n = n.encode(codec, 'ignore')
                newrow.append(n)
            writer.writerow(newrow[:COLUMN_SIZE])
        fp.close()
        return True

    # 对象解码
    def __obj_decode (self, row):
        if row is None:
            return None
        obj = {}
        obj['id'] = row[COLUMN_ID]
        obj['sw'] = row[COLUMN_SW]
        skip = self.__numbers
        for key, index in self.__fields:
            value = row[index]
            if index in skip:
                if value is not None:
                    value = self.readint(value)
            elif key != 'detail':
                value = self.decode(value)
            obj[key] = value
        detail = obj.get('detail', None)
        if detail is not None:
            if detail != '':
                detail = json.loads(detail)
            else:
                detail = None
        obj['detail'] = detail
        return obj

    # 对象编码
    def __obj_encode (self, obj):
        row = [ None for i in xrange(len(self.__fields) + 3) ]
        for name, idx in self.__fields:
            value = obj.get(name, None)
            if value is None:
                continue
            if idx in self.__numbers:
                value = str(value)
            elif name == 'detail':
                value = json.dumps(value, ensure_ascii = False)
            else:
                value = self.encode(value)
            row[idx] = value
        return row

    # 重新排序
    def __resort (self):
        self.__rows.sort(key = lambda row: row[0].lower())
        self.__index.sort(key = lambda row: (row[COLUMN_SW], row[0].lower()))
        for index in xrange(len(self.__rows)):
            row = self.__rows[index]
            row[COLUMN_ID] = index
        for index in xrange(len(self.__index)):
            row = self.__index[index]
            row[COLUMN_SD] = index
        self.__dirty = False

    # 查询单词
    def query (self, key):
        if key is None:
            return None
        if self.__dirty:
            self.__resort()
        if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
            if key < 0 or key >= len(self.__rows):
                return None
            return self.__obj_decode(self.__rows[key])
        row = self.__words.get(key.lower(), None)
        return self.__obj_decode(row)

    # 查询单词匹配
    def match (self, word, count = 10, strip = False):
        if len(self.__rows) == 0:
            return []
        if self.__dirty:
            self.__resort()
        if not strip:
            index = self.__rows
            pos = 0
        else:
            index = self.__index
            pos = COLUMN_SW
        top = 0
        bottom = len(index) - 1
        middle = top
        key = word.lower()
        if strip:
            key = stripword(word)
        while top < bottom:
            middle = (top + bottom) >> 1
            if top == middle or bottom == middle:
                break
            text = index[middle][pos].lower()
            if key == text:
                break
            elif key < text:
                bottom = middle
            elif key > text:
                top = middle
        while index[middle][pos].lower() < key:
            middle += 1
            if middle >= len(index):
                break
        cc = COLUMN_ID
        likely = [ (tx[cc], tx[0]) for tx in index[middle:middle + count] ]
        return likely

    # 批量查询
    def query_batch (self, keys):
        return [ self.query(key) for key in keys ]

    # 单词总量
    def count (self):
        return len(self.__rows)

    # 取得长度
    def __len__ (self):
        return len(self.__rows)

    # 取得单词
    def __getitem__ (self, key):
        return self.query(key)

    # 是否存在
    def __contains__ (self, key):
        return self.__words.__contains__(key.lower())

    # 迭代器
    def __iter__ (self):
        record = []
        for index in xrange(len(self.__rows)):
            record.append((index, self.__rows[index][0]))
        return record.__iter__()

    # 注册新单词
    def register (self, word, items, commit = True):
        if word.lower() in self.__words:
            return False
        row = self.__obj_encode(items)
        row[0] = word
        row[COLUMN_ID] = len(self.__rows)
        row[COLUMN_SD] = len(self.__rows)
        row[COLUMN_SW] = stripword(word)
        self.__rows.append(row)
        self.__index.append(row)
        self.__words[word.lower()] = row
        self.__dirty = True
        return True

    # 删除单词
    def remove (self, key, commit = True):
        if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
            if key < 0 or key >= len(self.__rows):
                return False
            if self.__dirty:
                self.__resort()
            key = self.__rows[key][0]
        row = self.__words.get(key, None)
        if row is None:
            return False
        if len(self.__rows) == 1:
            self.reset()
            return True
        index = row[COLUMN_ID]
        self.__rows[index] = self.__rows[len(self.__rows) - 1]
        self.__rows.pop()
        index = row[COLUMN_SD]
        self.__index[index] = self.__index[len(self.__rows) - 1]
        self.__index.pop()
        del self.__words[key]
        self.__dirty = True
        return True

    # 清空所有
    def delete_all (self, reset_id = False):
        self.reset()
        return True

    # 更改单词
    def update (self, key, items, commit = True):
        if isinstance(key, int) or isinstance(key, long):
            if key < 0 or key >= len(self.__rows):
                return False
            if self.__dirty:
                self.__resort()
            key = self.__rows[key][0]
        key = key.lower()
        row = self.__words.get(key, None)
        if row is None:
            return False
        newrow = self.__obj_encode(items)
        for name, idx in self.__fields:
            if idx == 0:
                continue
            if name in items:
                row[idx] = newrow[idx]
        return True

    # 提交变更
    def commit (self):
        if self.__csvname:
            self.save(self.__csvname, self.__codec)
        return True

    # 取得所有单词
    def dumps (self):
        return [ n for _, n in self.__iter__() ]


#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 词形衍生：查找动词的各种时态，名词的复数等，或反向查找
# 格式为每行一条数据：根词汇 -> 衍生1,衍生2,衍生3
# 可以用 Hunspell数据生成，下面有个日本人做的简版（1.8万组数据）：
# http://www.lexically.net/downloads/version4/downloading%20BNC.htm
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
class LemmaDB (object):

    def __init__ (self):
        self._stems = {}
        self._words = {}
        self._frqs = {}

    # 读取数据
    def load (self, filename, encoding = None):
        content = open(filename, 'rb').read()
        if content[:3] == b'\xef\xbb\xbf':
            content = content[3:].decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
        elif encoding is not None:
            text = content.decode(encoding, 'ignore')
        else:
            text = None
            match = ['utf-8', sys.getdefaultencoding(), 'ascii']
            for encoding in match + ['gbk', 'latin1']:
                try:
                    text = content.decode(encoding)
                    break
                except:
                    pass
            if text is None:
                text = content.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
        number = 0
        for line in text.split('\n'):
            number += 1
            line = line.strip('\r\n ')
            if (not line) or (line[:1] == ';'):
                continue
            pos = line.find('->')
            if not pos:
                continue
            stem = line[:pos].strip()
            p1 = stem.find('/')
            frq = 0
            if p1 >= 0:
                frq = int(stem[p1 + 1:].strip())
                stem = stem[:p1].strip()
            if not stem:
                continue
            if frq > 0:
                self._frqs[stem] = frq
            for word in line[pos + 2:].strip().split(','):
                p1 = word.find('/')
                if p1 >= 0:
                    word = word[:p1].strip()
                if not word:
                    continue
                self.add(stem, word.strip())
        return True

    # 保存数据文件
    def save (self, filename, encoding = 'utf-8'):
        stems = list(self._stems.keys())
        stems.sort(key = lambda x: x.lower())
        import codecs
        fp = codecs.open(filename, 'w', encoding)
        output = []
        for stem in stems:
            words = self.get(stem)
            if not words:
                continue
            frq = self._frqs.get(stem, 0)
            if frq > 0:
                stem = '%s/%d'%(stem, frq)
            output.append((-frq, u'%s -> %s'%(stem, ','.join(words))))
        output.sort()
        for _, text in output:
            fp.write(text + '\n')
        fp.close()
        return True

    # 添加一个词根的一个衍生词
    def add (self, stem, word):
        if stem not in self._stems:
            self._stems[stem] = {}
        if word not in self._stems[stem]:
            self._stems[stem][word] = len(self._stems[stem]) 
        if word not in self._words:
            self._words[word] = {}
        if stem not in self._words[word]:
            self._words[word][stem] = len(self._words[word])
        return True

    # 删除一个词根的一个衍生词
    def remove (self, stem, word):
        count = 0
        if stem in self._stems:
            if word in self._stems[stem]:
                del self._stems[stem][word]
                count += 1
            if not self._stems[stem]:
                del self._stems[stem]
        if word in self._words:
            if stem in self._words[word]:
                del self._words[word][stem]
                count += 1
            if not self._words[word]:
                del self._words[word]
        return (count > 0) and True or False

    # 清空数据库
    def reset (self):
        self._stems = {}
        self._words = {}
        return True

    # 根据词根找衍生，或者根据衍生反向找词根
    def get (self, word, reverse = False):
        if not reverse:
            if word not in self._stems:
                if word in self._words:
                    return [word]
                return None
            words = [ (v, k) for (k, v) in self._stems[word].items() ]
        else:
            if word not in self._words:
                if word in self._stems:
                    return [word]
                return None
            words = [ (v, k) for (k, v) in self._words[word].items() ]
        words.sort()
        return [ k for (v, k) in words ]

    # 知道一个单词求它的词根
    def word_stem (self, word):
        return self.get(word, reverse = True)

    # 总共多少条词根数据
    def stem_size (self):
        return len(self._stems)

    # 总共多少条衍生数据
    def word_size (self):
        return len(self._words)

    def dump (self, what = 'ALL'):
        words = {}
        what = what.lower()
        if what in ('all', 'stem'):
            for word in self._stems:
                words[word] = 1
        if what in ('all', 'word'):
            for word in self._words:
                words[word] = 1
        return words

    def __len__ (self):
        return len(self._stems)

    def __getitem__ (self, stem):
        return self.get(stem)

    def __contains__ (self, stem):
        return (stem in self._stems)

    def __iter__ (self):
        return self._stems.__iter__()



#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# DictHelper
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
class DictHelper (object):

    def __init__ (self):
        self._exchanges = {}
        self._exchanges['p'] = u'过去式'
        self._exchanges['d'] = u'过去分词'
        self._exchanges['i'] = u'现在分词'
        self._exchanges['3'] = u'第三人称单数'
        self._exchanges['r'] = u'比较级'
        self._exchanges['t'] = u'最高级'
        self._exchanges['s'] = u'复数'
        self._exchanges['0'] = u'原型'      # best 的原型是 good
        self._exchanges['1'] = u'类别'      # best 的类别是 good 里的 t
        self._pos = {}
        self._pos['a'] = (u'代词', 'pron.')
        self._pos['c'] = (u'连接词', 'conj.')
        self._pos['d'] = (u'限定词', 'determiner')
        self._pos['i'] = (u'介词', 'prep.')
        self._pos['j'] = (u'形容词', 'adj.')
        self._pos['m'] = (u'数词', 'num.')
        self._pos['n'] = (u'名词', 'n.')
        self._pos['p'] = (u'代词', 'pron.')
        self._pos['r'] = (u'副词', 'adv.')
        self._pos['u'] = (u'感叹词', 'int.')
        self._pos['t'] = (u'不定式标记', 'infm.')
        self._pos['v'] = (u'动词', 'v.')
        self._pos['x'] = (u'否定标记', 'not')

    # 返回一个进度指示条，传入总量，每走一格调用一次 next
    def progress (self, total):
        class ProgressIndicator (object):
            def __init__ (self, total):
                self.count = 0
                self.percent = -1
                self.total = total
                self.timestamp = time.time()
                self.counter = {}
            def next (self):
                if self.total:
                    self.count += 1
                    pc = self.count * 100 / self.total
                    if pc != self.percent:
                        self.percent = pc
                        print('progress: %d%%'%pc)
            def inc (self, name):
                if name not in self.counter:
                    self.counter[name] = 1
                else:
                    self.counter[name] += 1
            def done (self):
                t = (time.time() - self.timestamp)
                keys = list(self.counter.keys())
                keys.sort()
                for key in keys:
                    print('[%s] -> %d'%(key, self.counter[key]))
                print('[Finished in %d seconds (%d)]'%(t, self.count))
        return ProgressIndicator(total)

    # 返回词典里所有词的 map，默认转为小写
    def dump_map (self, dictionary, lower = True):
        words = {}
        for _, word in dictionary:
            if lower:
                word = word.lower()
            words[word] = 1
        return words

    # 字典差异导出
    def discrepancy_export (self, dictionary, words, outname, opts = ''):
        existence = self.dump_map(dictionary)
        if os.path.splitext(outname)[-1].lower() in ('.txt', '.csv'):
            db = DictCsv(outname)
        else:
            db = StarDict(outname)
        db.delete_all()
        count = 0
        for word in words:
            if word.lower() in existence:
                continue
            if '(' in word:
                continue
            if '/' in word:
                continue
            if '"' in word or '#' in word:
                continue
            if '0' in word or '1' in word or '2' in word or '3' in word:
                continue
            if 's' in opts:
                if word.count(' ') >= 2:
                    continue
            if 't' in opts:
                if ' ' in word:
                    continue
            if 'p' in opts:
                if '-' in word:
                    continue
            try:
                word.encode('ascii')
            except:
                continue
            db.register(word, {'tag':'PENDING'}, False)
            count += 1
        db.commit()
        print('exported %d entries'%count)
        return count

    # 字典差异导入
    def discrepancy_import (self, dictionary, filename, opts = ''):
        existence = self.dump_map(dictionary)
        if os.path.splitext(filename)[-1].lower() in ('.csv', '.txt'):
            db = DictCsv(filename)
        else:
            db = StarDict(filename)
        count = 0
        for word in self.dump_map(db, False):
            data = db[word]
            if data is None:
                continue
            if data['tag'] != 'OK':
                continue
            phonetic = data.get('phonetic', '')
            definition = data.get('definition', '')
            translation = data.get('translation', '')
            update = {}
            if phonetic:
                update['phonetic'] = phonetic
            if definition:
                update['definition'] = definition
            if translation:
                update['translation'] = translation
            if not update:
                continue
            if word.lower() in existence:
                if 'n' not in opts:
                    dictionary.update(word, update, False)
            else:
                dictionary.register(word, update, False)
            count += 1
        dictionary.commit()
        print('imported %d entries'%count)
        return count

    # 差异比较（utf-8 的.txt 文件，单词和后面音标释义用tab分割） 
    def deficit_tab_txt (self, dictionary, txt, outname, opts = ''):
        deficit = {}
        for line in codecs.open(txt, encoding = 'utf-8'):
            row = [ n.strip() for n in line.split('\t') ]
            if len(row) < 2:
                continue
            word = row[0]
            deficit[word] = 1
        return self.deficit_export(dictionary, deficit, outname, opts)

    # 导出星际译王的词典文件，根据一个单词到释义的字典
    def export_stardict (self, wordmap, outname, title):
        mainname = os.path.splitext(outname)[0]
        keys = [ k for k in wordmap ]
        keys.sort(key = lambda x: (x.lower(), x))
        import struct
        pc = self.progress(len(wordmap))
        position = 0
        with open(mainname + '.idx', 'wb') as f1:
            with open(mainname + '.dict', 'wb') as f2:
                for word in keys:
                    pc.next()
                    f1.write(word.encode('utf-8', 'ignore') + b'\x00')
                    text = wordmap[word].encode('utf-8', 'ignore')
                    f1.write(struct.pack('>II', position, len(text)))
                    f2.write(text)
                    position += len(text)
            with open(mainname + '.ifo', 'wb') as f3:
                f3.write("StarDict's dict ifo file\nversion=2.4.2\n")
                f3.write('wordcount=%d\n'%len(wordmap))
                f3.write('idxfilesize=%d\n'%f1.tell())
                f3.write('bookname=%s\n'%title.encode('utf-8', 'ignore'))
                f3.write('author=\ndescription=\n')
                import datetime
                ts = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y.%m.%d')
                f3.write('date=%s\nsametypesequence=m\n'%ts)
        pc.done()
        return True

    # 导出 mdict 的源文件
    def export_mdict (self, wordmap, outname):
        keys = [ k for k in wordmap ]
        keys.sort(key = lambda x: x.lower())
        size = len(keys)
        index = 0
        pc = self.progress(size)
        with codecs.open(outname, 'w', encoding = 'utf-8') as fp:
            for key in keys:
                pc.next()
                word = key.replace('</>', '').replace('\n', ' ')
                text = wordmap[key].replace('</>', '')
                if not isinstance(word, unicode):
                    word = word.decode('gbk')
                if not isinstance(text, unicode):
                    text = text.decode('gbk')
                fp.write(word + '\r\n')
                for line in text.split('\n'):
                    line = line.rstrip('\r')
                    fp.write(line)
                    fp.write('\r\n')
                index += 1
                fp.write('</>' + ((index < size) and '\r\n' or ''))
        pc.done()
        return True

    # 导入mdx源文件
    def import_mdict (self, filename, encoding = 'utf-8'):
        import codecs
        words = {}
        with codecs.open(filename, 'r', encoding = encoding) as fp:
            text = []   
            word = None
            for line in fp:
                line = line.rstrip('\r\n')
                if word is None:
                    if line == '':
                        continue
                    else:
                        word = line.strip()
                elif line.strip() != '</>':
                    text.append(line)
                else:
                    words[word] = '\n'.join(text)
                    word = None
                    text = []
        return words

    # 直接生成 .mdx文件，需要 writemdict 支持：
    # https://github.com/skywind3000/writemdict
    def export_mdx (self, wordmap, outname, title, desc = None):
        try:
            import writemdict
        except ImportError:
            print('ERROR: can\'t import writemdict module, please install it:')
            print('https://github.com/skywind3000/writemdict')
            sys.exit(1)
        if desc is None:
            desc = u'Create by stardict.py'
        writer = writemdict.MDictWriter(wordmap, title = title, 
                description = desc)
        with open(outname, 'wb') as fp:
            writer.write(fp)
        return True

    # 读取 .mdx 文件，需要 readmdict 支持：
    # https://github.com/skywind3000/writemdict (包含readmdict）
    def read_mdx (self, mdxname, mdd = False):
        try:
            import readmdict
        except ImportError:
            print('ERROR: can\'t import readmdict module, please install it:')
            print('https://github.com/skywind3000/writemdict')
            sys.exit(1)
        words = {}
        if not mdd:
            mdx = readmdict.MDX(mdxname)
        else:
            mdx = readmdict.MDD(mdxname)
        for key, value in mdx.items():
            key = key.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
            if not mdd:
                words[key] = value.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
            else:
                words[key] = value
        return words

    # 导出词形变换字符串
    def exchange_dumps (self, obj):
        part = []
        if not obj:
            return None
        for k, v in obj.items():
            k = k.replace('/', '').replace(':', '').strip()
            v = v.replace('/', '').replace(':', '').strip()
            part.append(k + ':' + v)
        return '/'.join(part)

    # 读取词形变换字符串
    def exchange_loads (self, exchg):
        if not exchg:
            return None
        obj = {}
        for text in exchg.split('/'):
            pos = text.find(':')
            if pos < 0:
                continue
            k = text[:pos].strip()
            v = text[pos + 1:].strip()
            obj[k] = v
        return obj

    def pos_loads (self, pos):
        return self.exchange_loads(pos)

    def pos_dumps (self, obj):
        return self.exchange_dumps(obj)

    # 返回词性
    def pos_detect (self, word, pos):
        word = word.lower()
        if pos == 'a':
            if word in ('a', 'the',):
                return (u'冠词', 'art.')
            if word in ('no', 'every'):
                return (u'形容词', 'adj.')
            return (u'代词', 'pron.')
        if pos in self._pos:
            return self._pos[pos]
        return (u'未知', 'unknow')

    # 返回词形比例
    def pos_extract (self, data):
        if 'pos' not in data:
            return None
        position = data['pos']
        if not position:
            return None
        part = self.pos_loads(position)
        result = []
        for x in part:
            result.append((x, part[x]))
        result.sort(reverse = True, key = lambda t: int(t[1]))
        final = []
        for pos, num in result:
            mode = self.pos_detect(data['word'], pos)
            final.append((mode, num))
        return final

    # 设置详细内容，None代表删除
    def set_detail (self, dictionary, word, item, value, create = False):
        data = dictionary.query(word)
        if data is None:
            if not create:
                return False
            dictionary.register(word, {}, False)
            data = {}
        detail = data.get('detail')
        if not detail:
            detail = {}
        if value is not None:
            detail[item] = value
        elif item in detail:
            del detail[item]
        if not detail:
            detail = None
        dictionary.update(word, {'detail': detail}, False)
        return True

    # 取得详细内容
    def get_detail (self, dictionary, word, item):
        data = dictionary.query(word)
        if not data:
            return None
        detail = data.get('detail')
        if not detail:
            return None
        return detail.get(item, None)

    # load file and guess encoding
    def load_text (self, filename, encoding = None):
        content = None
        try:
            content = open(filename, 'rb').read()
        except:
            return None
        if content[:3] == b'\xef\xbb\xbf':
            text = content[3:].decode('utf-8')
        elif encoding is not None:
            text = content.decode(encoding, 'ignore')
        else:
            text = None
            guess = [sys.getdefaultencoding(), 'utf-8']
            if sys.stdout and sys.stdout.encoding:
                guess.append(sys.stdout.encoding)
            for name in guess + ['gbk', 'ascii', 'latin1']:
                try:
                    text = content.decode(name)
                    break
                except:
                    pass
            if text is None:
                text = content.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
        return text

    # csv 读取，自动检测编码
    def csv_load (self, filename, encoding = None):
        text = self.load_text(filename, encoding)
        if not text:
            return None
        import csv
        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
            import cStringIO
            sio = cStringIO.StringIO(text.encode('utf-8', 'ignore'))
        else:
            import io
            sio = io.StringIO(text)
        reader = csv.reader(sio)
        output = []
        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
            for row in reader:
                output.append([ n.decode('utf-8', 'ignore') for n in row ])
        else:
            for row in reader:
                output.append(row)
        return output

    # csv保存，可以指定编码
    def csv_save (self, filename, rows, encoding = 'utf-8'):
        import csv
        ispy2 = (sys.version_info[0] < 3)
        if not encoding:
            encoding = 'utf-8'
        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
            fp = open(filename, 'wb')
            writer = csv.writer(fp)
        else:
            fp = open(filename, 'w', encoding = encoding)
            writer = csv.writer(fp)
        for row in rows:
            newrow = []
            for n in row:
                if isinstance(n, int) or isinstance(n, long):
                    n = str(n)
                elif isinstance(n, float):
                    n = str(n)
                elif not isinstance(n, bytes):
                    if (n is not None) and ispy2:
                        n = n.encode(encoding, 'ignore')
                newrow.append(n)
            writer.writerow(newrow)
        fp.close()
        return True

    # 加载 tab 分割的 txt 文件, 返回 key, value
    def tab_txt_load (self, filename, encoding = None):
        words = {}
        content = self.load_text(filename, encoding)
        if content is None:
            return None
        for line in content.split('\n'):
            line = line.strip('\r\n\t ')
            if not line:
                continue
            p1 = line.find('\t')
            if p1 < 0:
                continue
            word = line[:p1].rstrip('\r\n\t ')
            text = line[p1:].lstrip('\r\n\t ')
            text = text.replace('\\n', '\n').replace('\\r', '\r')
            words[word] = text.replace('\\t', '\t').replace('\\\\', '\\')
        return words

    # 保存 tab 分割的 txt文件
    def tab_txt_save (self, filename, words, encoding = 'utf-8'):
        with codecs.open(filename, 'w', encoding = encoding) as fp:
            for word in words:
                text = words[word]
                text = text.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('\n', '\\n')
                text = text.replace('\r', '\\r').replace('\t', '\\t')
                fp.write('%s\t%s\r\n'%(word, text))
        return True

    # Tab 分割的 txt文件释义导入
    def tab_txt_import (self, dictionary, filename):
        words = self.tab_txt_load(filename)
        if not words:
            return False
        pc = self.progress(len(words))
        for word in words:
            data = dictionary.query(word)
            if not data:
                dictionary.register(word, {'translation':words[word]}, False)
            else:
                dictionary.update(word, {'translation':words[word]}, False)
            pc.inc(0)
            pc.next()
        dictionary.commit()
        pc.done()
        return True

    # mdx-builder 使用writemdict代替MdxBuilder处理较大词典（需64为python）
    def mdx_build (self, srcname, outname, title, desc = None):
        print('loading %s'%srcname)
        t = time.time()
        words = self.import_mdict(srcname)
        t = time.time() - t
        print(u'%d records loaded in %.3f seconds'%(len(words), t))
        print(u'building %s'%outname)
        t = time.time()
        self.export_mdx(words, outname, title, desc)
        t = time.time() - t
        print(u'complete in %.3f seconds'%t)
        return True

    # 验证单词合法性
    def validate_word (self, word, asc128):
        alpha = 0
        for ch in word:
            if ch.isalpha():
                alpha += 1
            if ord(ch) >= 128 and asc128:
                return False
            elif (not ch.isalpha()) and (not ch.isdigit()):
                if ch not in ('-', '\'', '/', '(', ')', ' ', ',', '.'):
                    if ch not in ('&', '!', '?', '_'):
                        if len(word) == 5 and word[2] == ';':
                            continue
                        if not ord(ch) in (239, 65292):
                            # print 'f1', ord(ch), word.find(ch)
                            return False
        if alpha == 0:
            if not word.isdigit():
                return False
        if word[:1] == '"' and word[-1:] == '"':
            return False
        if word[:1] == '(' and word[-1:] == ')':
            if word.count('(') == 1:
                return False
        if word[:3] == '(-)':
            return False
        for ch in ('<', '>', '%', '*', '@', '`'):
            if ch in word:
                return False
        if '%' in word or '\\' in word or '`' in word:
            return False
        if word[:1] in ('$', '@'):
            return False
        if len(word) == 1:
            x = ord(word)
            if (x < ord('a')) and (x > ord('z')):
                if (x < ord('A')) and (x > ord('Z')):
                    return False
        if (' ' not in word) and ('-' not in word):
            if ('?' in word) or ('!' in word):
                return False
        if word.count('?') >= 2:
            return False
        if word.count('!') >= 2:
            return False
        if '---' in word:
            return False
        try:
            word.lower()
        except UnicodeWarning:
            return False
        return True


#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Helper instance
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
tools = DictHelper()

# 根据文件名自动判断数据库类型并打开
def open_dict(filename):
    if isinstance(filename, dict):
        return DictMySQL(filename)
    if filename[:8] == 'mysql://':
        return DictMySQL(filename)
    if os.path.splitext(filename)[-1].lower() in ('.csv', '.txt'):
        return DictCsv(filename)
    return StarDict(filename)


# 字典转化，csv sqlite之间互转
def convert_dict(dstname, srcname):
    dst = open_dict(dstname)
    src = open_dict(srcname)
    dst.delete_all()
    pc = tools.progress(len(src))
    for word in src.dumps():
        pc.next()
        data = src[word]
        x = data['oxford']
        if isinstance(x, int) or isinstance(x, long):
            if x <= 0:
                data['oxford'] = None
        elif isinstance(x, str) or isinstance(x, unicode):
            if x == '' or x == '0':
                data['oxford'] = None
        x = data['collins']
        if isinstance(x, int) or isinstance(x, long):
            if x <= 0:
                data['collins'] = None
        elif isinstance(x, str) or isinstance(x, unicode):
            if x == '' or x == '0':
                data['collins'] = None
        dst.register(word, data, False)
    dst.commit()
    pc.done()
    return True


# 从 ~/.local/share/stardict 下面打开词典
def open_local(filename):
    base = os.path.expanduser('~/.local')
    for dir in [base, base + '/share', base + '/share/stardict']:
        if not os.path.exists(dir):
            os.mkdir(dir)
    fn = os.path.join(base + '/share/stardict', filename)   
    return open_dict(fn)




#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# testing
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
    db = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'test.db')
    my = {'host':'??', 'user':'skywind', 'passwd':'??', 'db':'skywind_t1'}
    def test1():
        t = time.time()
        sd = StarDict(db, False)
        print(time.time() - t)
        # sd.delete_all(True)
        print(sd.register('kiss2', {'definition':'kiss me'}, False))
        print(sd.register('kiss here', {'definition':'kiss me'}, False))
        print(sd.register('Kiss', {'definition':'BIG KISS'}, False))
        print(sd.register('kiss', {'definition':'kiss me'}, False))
        print(sd.register('suck', {'definition':'suck me'}, False))
        print(sd.register('Fuck', {'definition':'fuck me', 'detail':[1,2,3]}, False))
        sd.commit()
        print('')
        print(sd.count())
        print(sd.query('kiSs'))
        print(sd.query(2))
        print(sd.match('kis', 10))
        print('')
        print(sd.query_batch(['fuck', 2]))
        print(sd.match('kisshere', 10, True))
        return 0
    def test2():
        t = time.time()
        dm = DictMySQL(my, init = True)
        print(time.time() - t)
        # dm.delete_all(True)
        print(dm.register('kiss2', {'definition':'kiss me'}, False))
        print(dm.register('kiss here', {'definition':'kiss me'}, False))
        print(dm.register('Kiss', {'definition':'kiss me'}, False))
        print(dm.register('kiss', {'definition':'BIG KISS'}, False))
        print(dm.register('suck', {'definition':'suck me'}, False))
        print(dm.register('Fuck', {'definition':'fuck me'}, False))
        print(dm.query('kiss'))
        print(dm.match('kis'))
        print('')
        print(dm.query('KiSs'))
        print(dm.query_batch(['fuck', 2, 9]))
        print('count: %d'%len(dm))
        print(dm.match('kisshere', 10, True))
        return 0
    def test3():
        csvname = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'test.csv')
        dc = DictCsv(csvname)
        dc.delete_all()
        print(dc.register('kiss2', {'definition':'kiss me'}, False))
        print(dc.register('kiss here', {'definition':'kiss me'}, False))
        print(dc.register('Kiss', {'definition':'kiss me'}, False))
        print(dc.register('kiss', {'definition':'kiss me'}, False))
        print(dc.register('suck', {'definition':'suck me'}, False))
        print(dc.register('word', {'definition':'WORD WORD'}, False))
        print(dc.query('kiss'))
        print('')
        dc.remove('kiss2')
        print(dc.match('kis'))
        print(dc.match('kisshere', 10, True))
        dc.commit()
        return 0
    def test4():
        lemma = LemmaDB()
        t = time.time()
        lemma.load('lemma.en.txt')
        print('load in %s seconds'%str(time.time() - t))
        print(len(lemma))
        for word in ('be', 'give', 'see', 'take'):
            print('%s -> %s'%(word, ','.join(lemma.get(word))))
        for word in ('gave', 'taken', 'looked', 'teeth', 'speak'):
            print('%s <- %s'%(word, ','.join(lemma.word_stem(word))))
        lemma.save('output.txt')
        return 0
    def test5():
        print(tools.validate_word('Hello World', False))
    test3()