Create Vitalisn.md

lpic/102/1-pratice-test/Vitalisn.md

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+### **LPIC-102 Practice Test**  
+This test simulates the **LPIC-102** exam structure and difficulty level. The LPIC-102 exam tests skills related to advanced Linux administration, including networking, security, and system maintenance.  
+
+**Time Allowed**: 90 minutes  
+**Maximum Marks**: 100  
+**Passing Marks**: 60  
+
+---
+
+### **Part 1: Fill in the Blank** *(20 Marks)*  
+
+1. The **journalctl** command is used to query and manage the `syslog` facility. *(2 Marks)*  
+
+2. To set up a DNS resolver, the file **/etc/resolve.conf** is used to configure the nameservers. *(2 Marks)*  
+
+3. The `chage` command is used to manage **password** policies for user accounts. *(2 Marks)*  
+
+4. In Apache's configuration file, the directive to allow a specific domain is **Allow** *(2 Marks)*  
+
+5. The IPv6 loopback address is represented as **::1**. *(2 Marks)*  
+
+6. To apply file permissions recursively in one command, you would use the **-R** option with the `chmod` command. *(2 Marks)*  
+
+7. The environment variable **LD_LIBRARY_PATH** specifies the location of shared library files on Linux. *(2 Marks)*  
+
+8. The command to stop the SSH service on a systemd-based Linux distribution is **sudo systemctl stop ssd**. *(2 Marks)*  
+
+9. The **route** command is used to display and manipulate the kernel routing table. *(2 Marks)*  
+
+10. The default location of the crontab files for all users is **/etc/crontab**. *(2 Marks)*  
+
+---
+
+### **Part 2: Multiple Choice Questions** *(30 Marks)*  
+
+11. Which of the following commands enables a network interface? *(3 Marks)*  
+    A. `ifconfig eth0 down`  
+    B. `ip link set eth0 up`  
+    C. `systemctl start network`  
+    D. `service eth0 up`  
+
+C
+
+12. What is the purpose of the `/etc/hosts.allow` file? *(3 Marks)*  
+    A. Define IP routing rules.  
+    B. Configure IP masquerading.  
+    C. Define access control rules for daemons using TCP Wrappers.  
+    D. Configure default gateway settings.  
+
+C
+
+13. What does the `umask 022` command accomplish? *(3 Marks)*  
+    A. Sets permissions to `777` for new files.  
+    B. Sets default permissions for new files to `755`.  
+    C. Sets default permissions for new files to `644`.  
+    D. Blocks access to all users.  
+
+B
+
+14. Which of the following commands can be used to troubleshoot DNS issues? *(3 Marks)*  
+    A. `ping`  
+    B. `dig`  
+    C. `traceroute`  
+    D. `ls`  
+
+B
+
+15. Which file contains information about all available groups on the system? *(3 Marks)*  
+    A. `/etc/shadow`  
+    B. `/etc/passwd`  
+    C. `/etc/group`  
+    D. `/etc/gshadow`  
+
+C
+
+16. What does the `iptables -F` command do? *(3 Marks)*  
+    A. Blocks all incoming traffic.  
+    B. Deletes all rules in all chains.  
+    C. Flushes NAT table entries only.  
+    D. Disables IP forwarding.
+
+ C    
+
+18. What does the command `ssh-copy-id` do? *(3 Marks)*  
+    A. Copies the SSH service configuration.  
+    B. Sets up passwordless SSH login by copying the public key to the target server.  
+    C. Transfers files using SSH.  
+    D. Starts the SSH service.  
+
+B
+
+19. Which command is used to check disk quotas for a user? *(3 Marks)*  
+    A. `quota`  
+    B. `df`  
+    C. `du`  
+    D. `mount`  
+
+A
+
+20. What does the `export` command do in a shell? *(3 Marks)*  
+    A. Deletes a shell variable.  
+    B. Sets a variable for child processes.  
+    C. Shows running processes.  
+    D. Sets the default shell.
+ B   
+
+21. Which of the following commands will change the default runlevel in a systemd-based Linux distribution? *(3 Marks)*  
+    A. `init`  
+    B. `systemctl set-default`  
+    C. `runlevel`  
+    D. `telinit`  
+
+B
+---
+
+### **Part 3: Practical and Short Answer Questions** *(50 Marks)*  
+
+21. **[Practical]**  
+    Write the command to schedule a job that runs a script named `backup.sh` every Friday at 2 AM using `crontab`. *(5 Marks)*  
+  - 0 2 * * 5 /path/to/backup.sh
+
+22. **[Short Answer]**  
+    Explain the difference between `hard links` and `soft links`. Provide an example command to create each. *(5 Marks)*  
+   - Hard Link: Direct reference to the inode. Cannot cross filesystems. Created using ln.
+   - Soft Link (Symbolic): Points to the file's path. Can cross filesystems. Created using ln -s
+
+23. **[Practical]**  
+    Configure a static IP address on a network interface `eth0` in a Debian-based system. Write the configuration that would go in the `/etc/network/interfaces` file. *(10 Marks)*  
+
+  auto eth0
+iface eth0 inet static
+    address 192.168.1.100
+    netmask 255.255.255.0
+    gateway 192.168.1.1
+    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
+
+25. **[Practical]**  
+    A user accidentally changed the permissions of all files in `/home/user` to `000`. Write a command to recursively restore the permissions to `644` for files and `755` for directories. *(5 Marks)*  
+   - sudo find /home/user -type f -exec chmod 0644 {}; sudo find /home/user -type d -exec chmod 0755 {};
+
+25. **[Short Answer]**  
+    Explain the purpose of `/etc/nsswitch.conf`. Include an example of a line in the file. *(5 Marks)*  
+   -  to determine the sources from which to obtain name-service information in a range of categories, and in an order such as hostname and user authentification
+
+26. **[Practical]**  
+    Write a sequence of commands to secure an SSH server so that only users in the `sshusers` group can log in. *(10 Marks)*  
+- add all the users to the group
+`sudo usermod -aG sshusers usersname`
+- edit SSH service to allow access to the users in the ssh group /etc/ssh/sshd_config\
+add this line **AllowGroups sshusers** to
+`sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config`
+- restart the SSH service to update
+`sudo systemctl restart sshd`
+
+27. **[Short Answer]**  
+    What are the key differences between `iptables` and `ufw`? *(5 Marks)*
+    - ufw is just a frontend for iptables to make it easier to manage. If you create your rules with ufw, you will see them when you run iptables -L -n -v.
+    - iptables gives you more flexibility, but it's also slightly more complicated to configure 
+
+---