docs: ✏️ add Software_Development_Terminology.md

02_Swift_interview_questions/Software_Development_Terminology.md

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+# Coding language
+
+## Basic punctuation
+* comma ,
+* dot .
+* question mark ?
+* exclamation mark !
+* dash -
+* underline _
+* asterisk *
+* slash /
+* backslash \
+* vertical bar |
+* tilde ~
+* hash #
+* caret ^
+* ellipsis ...
+* ampersand &
+* grave `
+## Bracket
+* Parentheses ()
+* Square bracket []
+* Angle bracket <>
+* Curly brackets {}
+
+## Colon
+* Colon :
+* Semicolon ;
+## Quotation mark
+* Quotes " "
+* Single quotes ' '
+
+## Operators
+
+### Terminology
+* Unary operators operate on a single target. `-a`
+* Binary operators operate on two targets. `a + b`
+* Ternary operators operate on three targets. ` a ? b : c `
+
+### Assignment Operator
+`a = 5` 5 assign to a
+### Arithmetic Operators
+* Addition (+)
+* Substraction(-)
+* Multiplication(*)
+* Division(/)
+
+`a + b` a add b / a plus b
+`a - b` a minus b
+`a * b` a multiplied by b / a times b
+`a / b` a divided by b
+
+### Remainder Operator
+`9 % 4` 9 remainder with 4
+### Compound Assignment Operators
+`a += 2` a plus equals 2
+### Comparison Operators
+* Equal to (a == b)
+* Not equal to (a != b)
+* Greater than (a > b)
+* Less than (a < b)
+* Greater than or equal to (a >= b)
+* Less than or equal to (a <= b)
+
+### Nil-Coalescing Operator
+`a ?? b`
+### Range Operators
+* Closed Range Operators `1...5` from 1 to 5
+* Half-Open Range Operators `a..<b` from a to b, but doesn't include b.
+* One-Sided Ranges `names[2...]` from index 2 to the end of array. `names[..<2]` from index 0 to index 2. `...5` from start to 5
+### Logical Operators
+* Logical NOT (!a)
+* Logical AND (a && b)
+* Logical OR (a || b)
+
+### Identity Operators
+* Identical to (===)
+* Not identical to (!==)
+
+### Bitwise Operators
+* Shift to the left by 1 place (<< 1)
+* Shift to the right by 1 place (>> 1)
+* NOT (~a)
+* AND (a & b)
+* OR (a | b) 
+* exclusive OR (a ^ b)
+
+### Overflow Operators
+* Overflow addition (&+)
+* Overflow subtraction (&-)
+* Overflow multiplication (&*)
+
+## Syntax
+
+### Oriented-Object Programming
+
+* 封装：encapsulation (capsule是胶囊，encapulate就是装到胶囊里，封装的动词)
+* 集成：inheritance (inherit继承的动词)
+* 多态：polymorphism (在希腊语里poly是多，morphic是形态学的)
+
+* 函数：function
+* 方法：method
+* 参数：parameter
+* 类：class
+* 子类：subclass
+* 父类：superclass
+* 结构体：structure
+* 元组：tuple
+* 构造函数：constructor
+* 实例：instance (实例化：instantiation)
+* 对象：object
+* 变量：variable
+* 全局变量：global variable
+* 局部变量：local variable
+* 作用域：scope
+* 常量：constant
+* 成员变量：member
+* 属性：property
+* 储存变量：stored property
+* 计算变量：computed property
+* 栈：stack
+* 堆：heap
+* 属性包装器：property wrapper
+* 字段：field
+* 可空类型：optional type
+* 解包可空类型：unwrapping optionals
+* 强制解包：force unwrap
+* 模型：model
+* 模块：module (模块化：modulize)
+* 值类型：value type
+* 引用类型：reference type
+* 重写：override
+* 重载：overloading (运算符重载：operator overloading)
+* 开辟内存：alloc memory
+* 释放：release
+* 持有：retain/store
+* 循环引用：retain cycle/cycle reference
+* 垃圾回收：garbage collection
+* 内存泄漏：memory leak
+* 调用：call/invoke
+* 触发：trigger
+* 扩展：extension
+* 模版：template
+* 原形：prototype
+* 自动引用计数：ARC(automatic reference counting)
+* 手动持有释放：MRR(manual retain-release)
+* 上下文: context
+* 声明式：declarative
+* 祈使式：imperative
+* 拆分：segregate/slice/split/separate
+* 回调：callback
+
+### Oriented-Protocol Programming
+
+* 接口：protocol/interface
+* 默认实现：default implementation
+* 遵从接口：comform to protocol
+* 代理：delegate
+* 关联类型：associatedtype
+* 类型别名：typealias
+* 可选接口方法：optional protocol methods
+* 泛型：generics
+* 类型参数：type parameter (< T >)
+* 不透明类型：opaque type (some View)
+* 装饰器：decorator
+
+### Reactive
+* 发布者：publisher
+* 订阅者：subscriber
+* 事件驱动：event-driven
+
+### Multi-thread
+* 线程：thread
+* 进程：process
+* 信号量：semaphore
+* 线程安全：thread safety
+* 死锁：deadlock
+* 并发：concurrency
+* 串行：serialisation (serial串行的)
+* 并行：parallel
+* 同步：synchronous
+* 异步：asynchronous
+* 结构并发：structured concurrency
+* 任务：task/job
+* 挂起：wait/suspend
+* 阻塞：pend/notify
+* 休眠：sleep
+* 轮询：polling
+* 中断：interrupt
+
+### Data
+* 数据库: database
+* 关系型数据库: relational database
+* 序列化: serialize (serialization名词)
+* 反序列化: deserialize
+* 建表: create table
+* 读取: read
+* 更新: update
+* 删除: delete
+* 持久化: persistence
+* 实体: entity
+* 存储: storage
+* 单项数据流: unidirectional data flow
+* 双向绑定：Two-Way bindings
+* 升序：ascending
+* 降序：descending
+
+### Network
+* 仓库：repository
+* 节点：endpoint
+* 广播风暴：broadcast storm
+* 重定向：redirect
+* 授权：authentication
+* 压缩：compression
+* 缓存：cache
+* 三次握手：3-way handshake
+* 应答: acknowledgement
+
+### Access Control
+
+* 公有：public
+* 私有：private
+* 文件私有：file private
+* 内联：internal
+
+## Operation
+* 灰度发布：gray release
+* 开发环境：development environment
+* 生产环境：product environment
+* A/B测试：A/B Test
+* 打点日志：tracking log
+* 数据收集：data collection
+* 诊断：diagnose
+* 迭代：iterative
+
+## UI
+* 布局：layout
+* 自动布局：autolayout
+* 约束：restraint
+* 对齐: alignment
+* 行首空格：indent
+
+## Security
+* 编码: encode
+* 解码: decode
+* 加密: encryption
+* 解密: decryption
+* 对称加密: symmetric-key encryption
+* 非对称加密: public-key encryption (asymmetric encryption)
+* 混淆: hash
+* SSL: Secure Sockets Layer
+
+## Debug
+* 歧义：ambiguity
+* 错误处理：error handling/exception handling 
+
+## Others
+
+### Code Mess
+* Spaghetti code (意大利面代码，表示乱的搅在了一起)
+* Ravioli code (意大利饺子代码，表示代码分了模块)
+* Lasagna code (千层面代码，表示代码分了层)