Advent Of Cyber 2024 🎄

Just few notes from all the 24 challenges

1. OPSEC ( Purple Teaming )

• Downloaded file from YouTube-to-MP3 .
• Run file command and uncover a Windows shortcut.
• Look at it's metadata with Exiftool.
• In it we found a PowerShell command downloading a remote script.
• A unique code signature in the script help us to track the person on GitHub and revealed the attacker's identity.

Commands & Tools Used : Find, Exiftool, Github.

2. Log Analysis ( Blue Teaming )

• Start looking into security logs of different timestamps in Elastic SIEM.
• Found some encoded PowerShell commands running.
• There found an encoded PowerShell command executed on compromised systems.
• Decode it with CyberChef, it was just a update command.

Commands & Tools Used : Elastic SIEM, CyberChef.

3. Log Analysis ( Purple Teaming )

• In Kibana we look at some logs of frostypines. After adjusting few filter we found some trace (path and unusual ip) of web shell.
• Then because of weak/default credentials we able to logged in as admin on that website.
• Then we find that same file upload vulnearability in the image upload where we uploaded a php file that execute commands on server.

Commands & Tools Used :  ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana), ls, cat.

4. Atomic Red Team ( Purple Teaming )

• Recreated MITRE ATT&CK technique T1566.001 Spearphishing using the Atomic Red Team library.
• Looked into Sysmon logs for emulated attack, found a PowerShell command creating a file.
• Found technique for a command and scripting interpreter on Windows command shell.
• Now for technique T1059.003 Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell we iterate through each test until a file is created and we found our flag.

Commands & Tools Used : Atomic Red Team Library, Sysmon.

5. XXE ( Red Teaming )

• On a wishlist website first we found a page /wishes/wish_1.txt that possibly admins use to see different wishes submited by users.
• Then we used the BurpSuite to found that wish is submitted as XML to /wishlist.php.
• XXE(XML external entity) might be present here so we put <!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY payload SYSTEM "/var/www/html/wishes/wish_1.txt"> ]> as external entity and &payload; in XML request & get access to admin only data.

Commands & Tools Used : Burp Suite.

6. Sandboxes ( Blue Teaming )

• In a VM we run YARA rules to detect malware.
• After detection, we use a obfuscated version which used encoded PowerShell commands, but it remained identifiable through FLOSS and Sysmon logs.

Commands & Tools Used : YARA, Sysmon, CyberChef, FLOSS.

7. AWS Log Analysis ( Blue Teaming )

• Analyzed Amazon CloudTrail and RDS logs using jq and grep with different filters to identify the individual responsible for modifying the QR code on the donation website.

Commands & Tools Used : JQ, grep.

8. Shellcodes ( Purple Teaming )

• Used msfvenom, we generate a shellcode.
• We put the shellcode into memory using a powershell script to establish a reverse shell.

Commands & Tools Used : msfvenom, nc.

9. GRC ( Blue Teaming )

• Performed Risk Assessments based on the questions answerd by different vendors to choose the one with lowest risk.

10. Phishing ( Red Teaming )

• Used Metasploit Framework to create a malicious macro.
• Sent it through familiar looking email.
• We were using Metasploit Framework to listen to incoming connection.
• When the macro file opend we got reverse shell to the target system.

Commands & Tools Used : Metasploit Framework.

11. Wi-Fi attacks ( Red Teaming )

• With iw set our wifi into monitor mode.
• Used airodump-ng to scan for nearby networks.
• Sent deauth packets to specific BSSID then capture the 4 way handshake into a file.
• Run dictionary attack on the captured handshake file using aircrack-ng to get the password.

Commands & Tools Used : iw, airodump-ng, aircrack-ng, aireplay-ng.

12. Web timing attacks ( Red Teaming )

• A website with possibility of Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) flaw, we intercepted money transfer request in Burp Suite.
• Duplicate it in Repeater and sending multiple simultaneous requests using last-byte sync to exploit the race condition & successfully transfer more money than account's total balance.

Commands & Tools Used : Burp Suite.

13. Websockets ( Red Teaming )

• Intercept the WebSocket traffic of a car tracking website with BurpSuite.
• Manipulate the userId of WebSocket messages to track other's car.
• Changed same parameter for chat traffic to send message in live chat as different user.

Commands & Tools Used : Burp Suite.

14. Certificate mismanagement ( Red Teaming )

• First we did local dns resolution using /etc/hosts file to avoid trace in dns logs.
• Used burpsuite as intermidiate proxy to listen to http traffic and get user credentials of a website using self-signed certificates.

Commands & Tools Used : Burp Suite.

15. Active Directory ( Blue Teaming )

• With a suspected breach of Active Directory, analyzed user logins and activities, reviewed PowerShell history, and identified maliciously installed GPOs (Group Policy Objects).

Commands & Tools Used : Windows Event Viewer.

16. Azure ( Red Teaming )

• Used Azure CLI to identify suspicious users, track their activities.
• Examined group memberships, check for suspicious groups.
• Check for assigned roles and access permissions.

Commands & Tools Used : Azure CLI.

17. Log analysis ( Blue Teaming )

• Used Splunk to view CCTV logs and web logs.
• Extracted custom fields, parsed the logs with regular expressions.
• Correlated the session IDs and IP addresses to identify the attacker.

Commands & Tools Used : Splunk.

18. Prompt injection ( Red Teaming )

• In AI-powered chatbot we check how it communicate with system using it's APIs and then performed prompt injection.
• Here through blind remote code execution (RCE) we achieved a reverse shell of target system.

Commands & Tools Used : tcpdump, netcat.

19. Game Hacking ( Red Teaming )

• Used Frida to intercept function calls.
• Accessed the in-game OTP.
• Altered in-game values to purchasing items for free.
• Passed the biometric check by altering the returning value from library function.

Commands & Tools Used : Frida, Vscode.

20. Traffic analysis ( Blue Teaming )

• Analyzed a PCAP file using Wireshark.
• Found a C2 server communication between multiple threat actors and their activities.
• Decrypted the secret messages using CyberChef.

Commands & Tools Used : Wireshark, CyberChef.

21. Reverse engineering ( Blue Teaming )

• Reverse engineering a suspicious .NET binary, WarevilleApp.exe, using PEStudio for static analysis and ILSpy for decompiling to reveal its malicious functionality.
• Figured the behaviour of malware which involved downloading and executing files, creating a zip file of victim data, and interacting with a C2 server.

Commands & Tools Used : PEStudio, ILSpy.

22. Kubernetes DFIR ( Blue Teaming )

• Looked at some Kubernetes pod logs of compromised web application.
• Identified a suspisious file shelly.php access from an unexpected IP. The webshell was present even after reboot so it was part of the docker image itself.
• So we check the docker registry logs, we found same unexpected IP and other IP, and trace of PATCH the docker images in registry which have that shelly.php which is a web shell.
• In the Kubernetes roles we found an unexpected role with a permission to do this kind of thing, with this we figure the attack path or activities of the user.

Commands & Tools Used : minikube, kubectl, docker.

23. Hash cracking ( Red Teaming )

• With hash-id.py identified a hash type of a password hash.
• Cracked it with John the Ripper using the rockyou.txt wordlist.
• We got a pdf with password so converted the file to a hash format with pdf2john.pl.
• Created a custom wordlist with possible password and run John the Ripper with --rules=single option, cracked the PDF password.

Commands & Tools Used : John The Ripepr, hash-id.py, pdf2john.pl.

24. Communication protocols ( Blue Teaming )

• Analyzed MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) traffic using Wireshark, examined captured packets in file challenge.pcapng to get the correct message which would turn on the lights.
• Used the mosquitto_pub to publish the correct message to the devices which turn the lights on.

Commands & Tools Used : Wireshark, mosquitto_pub.

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Advent Of Cyber'24 Certificate

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